oracle备份脚本：

#!/bin/sh
# $Header$
#
#bcpyrght
#***************************************************************************
#* $Copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 Veritas Technologies LLC. All rights reserved VT25-0977-2658-84-51-3 $ *
#***************************************************************************
#ecpyrght
#
# Note:  Only make modifications to a copy of this file. Changes to this file 
#        are lost when this example is overwritten during NetBackup upgrade.
#        Delete this comment from the copy.
#
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#              hot_database_backup.sh
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  This script uses Recovery Manager to take a hot (inconsistent) database
#  backup. A hot backup is inconsistent because portions of the database are
#  being modified and written to the disk while the backup is progressing.
#  You must run your database in ARCHIVELOG mode to make hot backups. It is
#  assumed that this script will be executed by user root. In order for RMAN
#  to work properly we switch user (su -) to the oracle dba account before
#  execution. If this script runs under a user account that has Oracle dba
#  privilege, it will be executed using this user's account.
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Log the start of this script to both the stdout/obk_stdout 
# and stderr/obk_stderr.
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
echo "==== $0 started on `date` ==== stdout" 
echo "==== $0 started on `date` ==== stderr" 1>&2

DEBUG=0

if [ "$DEBUG" -gt 0 ]; then
    set -x
fi
 
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Put output in <this file name>.out. Change as desired.
# Note: output directory requires write permission.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
RMAN_LOG_FILE=${0}.out

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Delete the log file before each execution so that it does not grow unbounded.  
# Remove or comment these lines if all historical output must be retained or if 
# the log file size is managed externally.
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

if [ -f "$RMAN_LOG_FILE" ]; then
    rm -f "$RMAN_LOG_FILE"
fi

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Initialize the log file. By default it is readable by the DBA and other
# users. Restrict the permissions as needed.
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
chmod 644 $RMAN_LOG_FILE

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Redirect all stderr and stdout into the specified log file and also to 
# stdout. No output will appear on stderr (or in the obk_stderr).
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

out=/tmp/`basename $0`.stdout.$$
trap "rm -f $out" EXIT SIGHUP SIGINT SIGQUIT SIGTRAP SIGKILL SIGUSR1 SIGUSR2 SIGPIPE SIGTERM SIGSTOP 
mkfifo "$out" 
tee -a $RMAN_LOG_FILE < "$out" &
exec 1>&- 2>&-
exec 1>"$out" 2>&1

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Log the start of this script to the log file and stdout.
# Log any additional arguments to the script.
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
echo "==== $0 started on `date` ====" 
echo "==== $0 $*" 
echo 

# *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
# *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
#
# NOTE: User modifications should be made only below this point.
#
# USER CUSTOMIZABLE VARIABLE SECTION
#
# ORACLE_HOME               - Oracle Home path                  
# ORACLE_SID                - Oracle Sid of the target database
# ORACLE_USER               - Oracle user with permissions to execute RMAN
# ORACLE_TARGET_CONNECT_STR - Connect string for the target database 
#                             [user]/[password][@TNSalias]
# RMAN_EXECUTABLE           - Path to the rman executable 
# RMAN_SBT_LIBRARY          - SBT library path;
#                             on AIX see technote TECH194511.
# RMAN_CATALOG              - Recovery catalog option and connect string
# BACKUP_SCHEDULE           - If overriding Default-Application-Backup schedule
# BACKUP_TAG                - User specified backup tag

ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1

ORACLE_SID=noncdb12c

ORACLE_USER=oracle

ORACLE_TARGET_CONNECT_STR=sys/manager
 
RMAN_EXECUTABLE=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman

RMAN_SBT_LIBRARY="/usr/openv/netbackup/bin/libobk.so64"

# Set the Recovery catalog to use. In This example we do not use a
# Recovery Catalog. If you choose to use one, replace the option 'nocatalog'
# with a "'catalog <userid>/<passwd>@<net service name>'" statement.

RMAN_CATALOG="nocatalog"

BACKUP_SCHEDULE=""

# Note: This tag will be appended with the dected schedule type, see schedule
# section.
BACKUP_TAG="hot_db_bk"

export ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID 

# Note: Additional tuning may be desired to RMAN_SEND and CMD_INPUT below.

# *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
# *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Determine the user which is executing this script.
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

BACKUP_CUSER=`id |cut -d"(" -f2 | cut -d ")" -f1`

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This script assumes that the database is properly opened. If desired,
# this would be the place to verify that.
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------


# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# If this script is executed from a NetBackup schedule, NetBackup
# sets NB_ORA environment variables based on the schedule type.
# These variables can then used to dynamically select the appropriate 
# RMAN backup type.
# For example, when:
#     schedule type is                BACKUP_TYPE is
#     ----------------                --------------
# Automatic Full                     INCREMENTAL LEVEL=0
# Automatic Differential Incremental INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1
# Automatic Cumulative Incremental   INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1 CUMULATIVE
# 
# For client initiated backups, BACKUP_TYPE defaults to incremental
# level 0 (full).  To change the default for a user initiated
# backup to incremental or incremental cumulative, uncomment
# one of the following two lines.
# BACKUP_TYPE="INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1"
# BACKUP_TYPE="INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1 CUMULATIVE"
# 
# Note that we use incremental level 0 to specify full backups.
# That is because, although they are identical in content, only
# the incremental level 0 backup can have incremental backups of
# level > 0 applied to it.
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
if [ "$NB_ORA_FULL" = "1" ]; then
    echo "Full backup requested from Schedule" 
    BACKUP_TYPE="INCREMENTAL LEVEL=0"
    BACKUP_TAG="${BACKUP_TAG}_inc_lvl0"
 
elif [ "$NB_ORA_INCR" = "1" ]; then
    echo "Differential incremental backup requested from Schedule" 
    BACKUP_TYPE="INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1"
    BACKUP_TAG="${BACKUP_TAG}_inc_lvl1"
 
elif [ "$NB_ORA_CINC" = "1" ]; then
    echo "Cumulative incremental backup requested from Schedule" 
    BACKUP_TYPE="INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1 CUMULATIVE"
    BACKUP_TAG="${BACKUP_TAG}_inc_lvl1_cinc"
 
elif [ "$BACKUP_TYPE" = "" ]; then
    echo "Manual execution - defaulting to Full backup" 
    BACKUP_TYPE="INCREMENTAL LEVEL=0"
    BACKUP_TAG="${BACKUP_TAG}_inc_lvl0"
fi

echo

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Construct an RMAN SEND command when initiated from the master server.  
# This ensures that the resulting application backup jobs utilize the same 
# master server, client name, and policy name.  
#
# If desired, initialize RMAN_SEND with additional NB_ORA_* variable=value 
# pairs.
#
# NOTE WHEN USING NET SERVICE NAME: When connecting to a database
# using a net service name, you must use a send command or a parms operand to 
# specify environment variables.  In other words, when accessing a database
# through a listener, any environment variable set in this script are not 
# inherited by the Oracle channel processes because it is a child of the 
# listener process and not of this script.  For more information on the 
# environment variables, please refer to the NetBackup for Oracle Admin. Guide.
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

RMAN_SEND=""

if [ "$NB_ORA_SERV" != "" ]; then
    RMAN_SEND="NB_ORA_SERV=${NB_ORA_SERV}"
fi

if [ "$NB_ORA_CLIENT" != "" ]; then
    if [ "$RMAN_SEND" != "" ]; then
        RMAN_SEND="${RMAN_SEND},NB_ORA_CLIENT=${NB_ORA_CLIENT}"
    else
        RMAN_SEND="NB_ORA_CLIENT=${NB_ORA_CLIENT}"
    fi
fi

if [ "$NB_ORA_POLICY" != "" ]; then
    if [ "$RMAN_SEND" != "" ]; then
        RMAN_SEND="${RMAN_SEND},NB_ORA_POLICY=${NB_ORA_POLICY}"
    else
        RMAN_SEND="NB_ORA_POLICY=${NB_ORA_POLICY}"
    fi
fi

if [ "$BACKUP_SCHEDULE" != "" ]; then
    if [ "$RMAN_SEND" != "" ]; then
        RMAN_SEND="${RMAN_SEND},NB_ORA_SCHED=${BACKUP_SCHEDULE}"
    else
        RMAN_SEND="NB_ORA_SCHED=${BACKUP_SCHEDULE}"
    fi
fi

if [ "$RMAN_SEND" != "" ]; then
    RMAN_SEND="SEND '${RMAN_SEND}';"
fi

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Call Recovery Manager to initiate the backup.
#
# Note: Any environment variables needed at run time by RMAN 
#       must be set and exported within the CMDS variable.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Backs up the whole database.  This backup is part of the incremental
#  strategy (this means it can have incremental backups of levels > 0
#  applied to it).
#
#  We do not need to explicitly request the control file to be included
#  in this backup, as it is automatically included each time file 1 of
#  the system tablespace is backed up (the inference: as it is a whole
#  database backup, file 1 of the system tablespace will be backed up,
#  hence the controlfile will also be included automatically).
#
#  Typically, a level 0 backup would be done at least once a week.
#
#  The scenario assumes:
#     o you are backing your database up to two tape drives
#     o you want each backup set to include a maximum of 5 files
#     o you wish to include offline datafiles, and read-only tablespaces,
#       in the backup
#     o you want the backup to continue if any files are inaccessible.
#     o This script explicitly backs up the control file.  If you specify or 
#       default to nocatalog, the controlfile backup that occurs
#       automatically as the result of backing up the system file is
#       not sufficient; it will not contain records for the backup that
#       is currently in progress.
#     o you want to archive the current log, back up all the
#       archive logs using two channels, putting a maximum of 20 logs
#       in a backup set, and deleting them once the backup is complete.
#
#  Note that the format string is constructed to guarantee uniqueness and
#  to enhance NetBackup for Oracle backup and restore performance.
#
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

# When needed, commands to debug the environment present in the subshell where 
# RMAN will be started. 

if [ "$DEBUG" -gt 0 ]; then
    ENV_COMMANDS="
    echo ----- LIST OF DECLARED VARIABLES IN SUBSHELL ----- 
    echo 
    set | sort
    echo 
    echo ----- LANGUAGE AND LOCALE ----- 
    echo 
    locale 
    echo 
    echo ----- PROCESS LIST ----- 
    echo 
    ps -ef
    echo"
else
    ENV_COMMANDS=""
fi

# The RMAN commands to be executed.
# NOTE: If the default shell for the ORACLE_USER is the C shell, then update 
# the export syntax as follows:
# setenv ORACLE_HOME "$ORACLE_HOME"
# setenv ORACLE_SID "$ORACLE_SID"

CMDS="
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME
export ORACLE_SID=$ORACLE_SID
echo
echo ----- SUBSHELL ENV VARIABLES ----- 
echo 
env | sort | egrep '^ORACLE_|^NB_ORA_|^RMAN_|^BACKUP_|^TNS_' 
echo
$ENV_COMMANDS
echo ----- STARTING RMAN EXECUTION -----
echo
$RMAN_EXECUTABLE target $ORACLE_TARGET_CONNECT_STR $RMAN_CATALOG"

# Building the PARMS option for the RMAN channels

if [ $RMAN_SBT_LIBRARY != "" ]; then
    RMAN_SBT_LIBRARY_PARMS="PARMS 'SBT_LIBRARY=$RMAN_SBT_LIBRARY'"
else
    RMAN_SBT_LIBRARY_PARMS=""
fi

# The RMAN statements that are needed to perform the desired backup.
# Add, delete, or modify the CMD_INPUT per the backup requirements for the 
# instance.

CMD_INPUT="<< EOF
SHOW ALL;
RUN {
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE' $RMAN_SBT_LIBRARY_PARMS;
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch01 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE' $RMAN_SBT_LIBRARY_PARMS;
$RMAN_SEND
BACKUP
    $BACKUP_TYPE
    SKIP INACCESSIBLE
    TAG $BACKUP_TAG
    FILESPERSET 5
    # recommended format, must end with %t
    FORMAT 'bk_%s_%p_%t'
    DATABASE;
    sql 'alter system archive log current';
RELEASE CHANNEL ch00;
RELEASE CHANNEL ch01;
# backup all archive logs
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE' $RMAN_SBT_LIBRARY_PARMS;
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch01 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE' $RMAN_SBT_LIBRARY_PARMS;
$RMAN_SEND
BACKUP
    filesperset 20
    # recommended format, must end with %t
    FORMAT 'al_%s_%p_%t'
    ARCHIVELOG ALL DELETE INPUT;
RELEASE CHANNEL ch00;
RELEASE CHANNEL ch01;
#
# Note: During the process of backing up the database, RMAN also backs up the
# control file.  That backup of the control file does not contain the 
# information about the archive log backup if "nocatalog" has been specified.
# To include the information about the current backup, the control file should
# be backed up as the last step.  This step may not be necessary if using 
# a recovery catalog or AUTOBACKUP CONTROLFILE.
#
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE' $RMAN_SBT_LIBRARY_PARMS;
$RMAN_SEND
BACKUP
    # recommended format, must end with %t
    FORMAT 'cntrl_%s_%p_%t'
    CURRENT CONTROLFILE;
RELEASE CHANNEL ch00;
}
EOF
"

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Print out the values of various variables matched by the following patterns.
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
if [ "$DEBUG" -gt 0 ]; then
    echo ----- LIST OF DECLARED VARIABLES IN SCRIPT ----- 
    echo 
    set | sort
    echo
fi

echo 
echo "----- SCRIPT VARIABLES -----" 
echo 
set | sort | egrep '^ORACLE_|^NB_ORA_|^RMAN_|^BACKUP_|^TNS_' 
echo 
echo "----- RMAN CMD -----" 
echo 
echo "$CMDS" 
echo 
echo "----- RMAN INPUT -----" 
echo 
echo "$CMD_INPUT" 
echo 

# Sanity check the environment.

if [ ! -x $RMAN_EXECUTABLE ]; then
    echo "ERR: $RMAN_EXECUTABLE: required executable not found!" 1>&2
    exit 1
fi

if [ ! -f  `echo $RMAN_SBT_LIBRARY | cut -d'(' -f1`  ]; then
    echo "ERR: $RMAN_SBT_LIBRARY: required library not found!" 1>&2
    exit 1
fi

echo "----- STARTING CMDS EXECUTION -----"
echo

if [ "$BACKUP_CUSER" = "root" ]; then
    su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$CMDS $CMD_INPUT" 
    RSTAT=$?
else
    /bin/sh -c "$CMDS $CMD_INPUT" 
    RSTAT=$?
fi
 
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Log the completion of this script to both stdout/obk_stdout 
# and stderr/obk_stderr.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
if [ "$RSTAT" = "0" ]; then
    LOGMSG="ended successfully"
else
    LOGMSG="ended in error"
fi
 
echo 
echo "==== $0 $LOGMSG on `date` ==== stdout"  
echo "==== $0 $LOGMSG on `date` ==== stderr" 1>&2 
echo 

exit $RSTAT

　　

 

oracle集群优化 Archive destination ，防止出错：

[oracle@db04 ~]$sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun May 5 14:24:15 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode           Archive Mode
Automatic archival           Enabled
Archive destination           +ORA_DATA
Oldest online log sequence     1
Next log sequence to archive   6
Current log sequence           6



rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sun May 5 14:26:23 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: NDMCDB (DBID=3222458319)

RMAN> show all;

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
....
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/opt/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_DB2.f'; # default



RMAN> CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '+ORA_DATA/snapcf_DB2.f';