还记得19年的适合刚学习爬虫，遇到了一个问题，一直让我印象深刻。回想起来当时环境
selenium==3.0.1
此版本执行须要驱动：geckodriver
我先去网址https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases 这里下载最新的版本。
而后将文件夹解压到C:\geckodriver处，在电脑设置环境变量，以下图所示
而后在建立Firefox的时候设置执行路径
browser = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path = 'C:\geckodriver\geckodriver.exe')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\learnplace\python_webdevelop_testdriver\functional_tests.py", line 10, in
browser = webdriver.Firefox()
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\firefox\webdriver.py", line 135, in __init__
self.service.start()
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\common\service.py", line 71, in start
os.path.basename(self.path), self.start_error_message)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: 'geckodriver' executable needs to be in PATH.
Exception AttributeError: "'Service' object has no attribute 'process'" in > ignored
还出现另一个异常：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\learnplace\python_webdevelop_testdriver\functional_tests.py", line 10, in
browser = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path = 'C:\geckodriver\geckodriver.exe')
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\firefox\webdriver.py", line 145, in __init__
keep_alive=True)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 92, in __init__
self.start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 179, in start_session
response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, capabilities)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 236, in execute
self.error_handler.check_response(response)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 192, in check_response
raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Expected browser binary location, but unable to find binary in default location, no 'moz:firefoxOptions.binary' capability provided, and no binary flag set on the command line
我尝试：将binary的浏览器路径添加如下路径
from selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_binary import FirefoxBinary
# browser = webdriver.Firefox(# firefox_binary='C:\Program Files (x86)\Mozilla Firefox')# browser.get('http://localhost:8000')# assert 'Django' in browser.title
binary = FirefoxBinary(r'C:\Program Files (x86)\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe')
browser = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_binary=binary)
browser.get('http://localhost:8000')
然后出现如下异常
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\learnplace\python_webdevelop_testdriver\functional_tests.py", line 18, in
browser = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_binary=binary)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\firefox\webdriver.py", line 145, in __init__
keep_alive=True)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 92, in __init__
self.start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 179, in start_session
response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, capabilities)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 236, in execute
self.error_handler.check_response(response)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 192, in check_response
raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Unsupported Marionette protocol version 2, required 3
由于当时是新手，折腾了好久好久才发现原来是浏览器版本问题！！
以上问题只要更新firefox到47版本就能够了。哎！
时代在变化，现在我用上了今年(2021年)微软开源了一个项目叫「playwright-python」，Playwright 是针对 Python 语言的纯自动化工具，它可以通过单个API自动执行 Chromium，Firefox 和 WebKit 浏览器，同时支持以无头模式、有头模式运行。完美解决安装和其他我遇到的问题，让我更加专注于我的业务代码的开发。
支持浏览器端的录制，生成自动化脚本，支持无头跑脚本
速度快，基本是selenium的好几倍，且支持浏览器异步运行
自动等待API，可拦截请求，随意mock
安装步骤：
Pip#
pip install --upgrade pip
pip install playwright
playwright install
Conda#
conda config --add channels conda-forge
conda config --add channels microsoft
conda install playwright
playwright install
感兴趣的同学，请查看官网：