SaltStack之return与job管理
文章目录
SaltStack组件之return
return组件可以理解为SaltStack系统对执行Minion返回后的数据进行存储或者返回给其他程序，它支持多种存储方式，比如用MySQL、MongoDB、Redis、Memcache等，通过return我们可以对SaltStack的每次操作进行记录，对以后日志审计提供了数据来源。目前官方已经支持30种return数据存储与接口，我们可以很方便的配置与使用它。当然也支持自己定义的return，自定义的return需由python来编写。在选择和配置好要使用的return后，只需在salt命令后面指定return即可。
# 查看node1上所有return列表
[root@master ~]# salt node1 sys.list_returners
node1:
- carbon
- couchdb
- etcd
- highstate
- local
- local_cache
- mattermost
- multi_returner
- pushover
- rawfile_json
- slack
- slack_webhook
- smtp
- splunk
- sqlite3
- syslog
- telegram
return流程
return是在Master端触发任务，然后Minion接受处理任务后直接与return存储服务器建立连接，然后把数据return存到存储服务器。关于这点一定要注意，因为此过程都是Minion端操作存储服务器，所以要确保Minion端的配置跟依赖包是正确的，这意味着我们将必须在每个Minion上安装指定的return方式依赖包，假如使用Mysql作为return存储方式，那么我们将在每台Minion上安装python-mysql模块。
使用mysql作为return存储方式
环境说明：
| 主机 | IP | 服务 |
|---|---|---|
| master | 192.168.10.201 | salt-master |
| minion(node1) | 192.168.10.202 | salt-minion mariadb |
| mariadb（node2） | 192.168.10.203 | mariadb-server mariadb |
master上启动服务
[root@master ~]# systemctl start salt-master.service
[root@master ~]# systemctl stop salt-minion.service
[root@master ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:4505 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:4506 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
node1上安装python3-PyMySQLbing启动服务
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl start salt-minion.service
[root@node1 ~]# yum -y install python3-PyMySQL
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl status salt-minion.service
● salt-minion.service - The Salt Minion
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/salt-minion.service; ena>
Active: active (running) since Sat 2021-11-06 23:26:10 EDT; 1h 3>
Docs: man:salt-minion(1)
file:///usr/share/doc/salt/html/contents.html
https://docs.saltproject.io/en/latest/contents.html
Main PID: 967 (salt-minion)
Tasks: 6 (limit: 11201)
Memory: 120.1M
CGroup: /system.slice/salt-minion.service
├─ 967 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-minion
├─1430 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-minion
└─1438 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-minion
11月 06 23:26:03 node1 systemd[1]: Starting The Salt Minion...
11月 06 23:26:10 node1 systemd[1]: Started The Salt Minion.
mariadb安装服务并配置
[root@node2 ~]# yum -y install mariadb mariadb-serve
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service
[root@node2 ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 32 *:21 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@node2 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 8
Server version: 10.3.28-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> set password = password("lq123!");
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE `salt` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.001 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| salt |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.001 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> use salt;
Database changed
MariaDB [salt]> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `jids`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.001 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> CREATE TABLE `jids` (`jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,`load` mediumtext NOT NULL, UNIQUE KEY `jid` (`jid`)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.015 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `salt_returns`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> CREATE TABLE `salt_returns` (
-> `fun` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
-> `jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `return` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> `id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `success` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
-> `full_ret` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> `alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-> KEY `id` (`id`),
-> KEY `jid` (`jid`),
-> KEY `fun` (`fun`)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.020 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> CREATE TABLE `salt_events` (
-> `id` BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> `tag` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `data` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> `alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-> `master_id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
-> KEY `tag` (`tag`)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.003 sec)
##授权访问
MariaDB [salt]> grant all on salt.* to salt@'%' identified by 'salt';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)
master上接收node1的认证
[root@master ~]# salt-key -L
Accepted Keys:
master
node1
node2
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
Rejected Keys:
[root@master ~]# salt '*' test.ping
node1:
True
node2:
True
master:
True
node1上安装mariadb
[root@node1 ~]# yum -y install mariadb
##使用mariadb主机创建的用户和密码登录
[root@node1 ~]# mysql -usalt -psalt -h192.168.240.40
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 9
Server version: 10.3.28-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
##修改配置文件
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
#return:
# - mysql
# - hipchat
# - slack
mysql.host: '192.168.240.40'
mysql.user: 'salt'
mysql.pass: 'salt'
mysql.db: 'salt'
mysql.port: 3306
###### Miscellaneous settings ######
##重启minion
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion.service
master上ping 测试连通性
[root@master ~]# salt '*' test.ping
node1:
True
node2:
True
master:
True
mariadb上查看是否有数据
[root@node2 ~]# mysql -uroot -plq123!
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 10
Server version: 10.3.28-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> select * from salt.salt_returns;
Empty set (0.003 sec)
master上测试存储到mariadb中
[root@master ~]# salt 'node1' test.ping --return mysql
node1:
True
mariadb查看
MariaDB [(none)]> select * from salt.salt_returns\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
fun: test.ping
jid: 20211107055302740262
return: true
id: node1
success: 1
full_ret: {"success": true, "return": true, "retcode": 0, "jid": "20211107055302740262", "fun": "test.ping", "fun_args": [], "id": "node1"}
alter_time: 2021-11-07 01:53:02
1 row in set (0.002 sec)
job cache
job cache流程
return时是由Minion直接与存储服务器进行交互，因此需要在每台Minion上安装指定的存储方式的模块，比如python-mysql，那么我们能否直接在Master上就把返回的结果给存储到存储服务器呢？
答案是肯定的，这种方式被称作 job cache 。意思是当Minion将结果返回给Master后，由Master将结果给缓存在本地，然后将缓存的结果给存储到指定的存储服务器，比如存储到mysql中。
示意图
master默认的存储位置
[root@master ~]# cd /var/cache/salt/master/jobs/
[root@master jobs]# ls
00 0e 22 2e 3a 47 53 65 70 7e 8d aa b3 c5 d1 e9
01 14 23 2f 3b 49 54 66 72 7f 8e ab b4 c7 d7 ea
02 16 25 30 3c 4a 56 68 73 80 93 ac b5 c9 dd ef
03 17 26 32 3d 4c 57 69 74 84 94 ad b6 ca e0 f0
05 18 27 33 3f 4d 58 6a 76 88 98 ae b7 cc e1 f2
06 19 29 35 40 50 5c 6b 77 89 99 af b9 cd e6 f3
08 1b 2b 36 44 51 5d 6c 78 8a 9b b0 c1 ce e7 f7
0d 1f 2d 39 46 52 5f 6e 79 8c a8 b1 c2 cf e8 f9
之前改的node1上的配置文件注释掉
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
# - hipchat
# - slack
#mysql.host: '192.168.240.40'
#mysql.user: 'salt'
#mysql.pass: 'salt'
#mysql.db: 'salt'
#mysql.port: 3306
###### Miscellaneous settings ######
############################################
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion.service
开启master端的master_job_cache
[root@master jobs]# yum -y install python3-PyMySQL
##修改master的配置文件
[root@master jobs]# vim /etc/salt/master
137 #job_cache: True
138 mysql.host: '192.168.220.40'
139 mysql.user: 'salt'
140 mysql.pass: 'salt'
141 mysql.db: 'salt'
142 mysql.port: 3306
143 # Cache minion grains, pillar and mine data via the cache subsy stem in the
##重启master
[root@master jobs]# systemctl restart salt-master.service
测试连通性
[root@master jobs]# salt 'node1' test.ping
node1:
True
master安装mariadb服务
[root@master jobs]# yum -y install mariadb
##登录使用salt用户密码
[root@master jobs]# mysql -usalt -psalt -h192.168.240.40
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 15
Server version: 10.3.28-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]>
删除mariadb上之前的数据
[root@node2 ~]# mysql -uroot -plq123!
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 12
Server version: 10.3.28-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> delete from salt.salt_returns;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.003 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> select * from salt.salt_returns;
Empty set (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
在master上再次测试能否存储至数据库
[root@master jobs]# salt 'node1' test.ping --return mysql
node1:
True
在mariadb数据库中查询
MariaDB [(none)]> select * from salt.salt_returns\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
fun: test.ping
jid: 20211107063529128883
return: true
id: node1
success: 1
full_ret: {"success": true, "return": true, "retcode": 0, "jid": "20211107063529128883", "fun": "test.ping", "fun_args": [], "id": "node1"}
alter_time: 2021-11-07 01:35:29
1 row in set (0.000 sec)
job 管理
Salt 0.9.7 为管理作业的saltutil引入了一些新功能。这些功能是：
-
running返回在proc目录中找到的所有运行作业的数据。 -
find_job根据工作 ID 返回有关某项工作的具体数据。 -
signal_job允许向给定夹具发送信号。 -
term_job向控制指定作业的流程发送终止信号（SIGTERM，15）。 -
kill_job向控制指定作业的流程发送杀伤信号（SIGKILL，9）。
获取任务的jid
[root@master ~]# salt '*' cmd.run 'date' -v
Executing job with jid 20211107063705962754
-------------------------------------------
node1:
Sun Nov 7 01:37:06 EST 2021
node2:
Sun Nov 7 01:37:06 EST 2021
master:
Sun Nov 7 01:37:06 EST 2021
通过jid获取任务的返回结果
[root@master ~]# salt-run jobs.lookup_jid 20211107063705962754
master:
Sun Nov 7 01:37:06 EST 2021
node1:
Sun Nov 7 01:37:06 EST 2021
node2:
Sun Nov 7 01:37:06 EST 2021
列出正在执行的任务,可以通过上面的 kill_job jid 杀死一个正在执行的任务
[root@master ~]# salt-run jobs.active
列出执行过的任务
[root@master ~]# salt-run jobs.list_jobs
20211107033832842417:
----------
Arguments:
Function:
test.ping
StartTime:
2021, Nov 07 03:38:32.842417
Target:
*
Target-type:
glob
User:
root
20211107034017336895:
----------
Arguments:
Function:
sys.list_returners
StartTime:
2021, Nov 07 03:40:17.336895
Target:
node1
Target-type:
glob
User:
root