今天看到一个题:两个线程交替打印奇数和偶数,即一个线程打印奇数,另一个打印偶数,交替打印从1到100。想了下有多重实现方法。
wait和notify方法:
public class OddEven { private static int i = 1; private static Object o = new Object(); private static class MyThread extends Thread {
MyThread(String name) {
super(name);
} public void run() {
try {
synchronized (o) {
while (i < 100) {
System.out.println(this.getName() + i++);
o.notify();
o.wait();
}
o.notify();
}
System.out.println(this.getName() + " over");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyThread("奇 ").start();
new MyThread("偶 ").start(); }
}
---
输出:
奇 1
偶 2
奇 3
偶 4
奇 5
偶 6
奇 7
...
LockSupport实现
public class OddEvenLockSupport { private static int i = 1; private static Thread t1 = new MyThread1();
private static Thread t2 = new MyThread2(); public static void main(String[] args) {
t1.start();
t2.start();
} private static class MyThread1 extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
while (i < 51) {
System.out.println("奇 " + i++);
LockSupport.unpark(t2);
LockSupport.park();
}
System.out.println(getName() + " over");
LockSupport.unpark(t2);
} } private static class MyThread2 extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
while (i < 51) {
LockSupport.park();//顺序很重要
System.out.println("偶 " + i++);
LockSupport.unpark(t1);
}
System.out.println(getName() + " over");
LockSupport.unpark(t1);
} }
}
---
使用Condition
public class OddEven2 { private static Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
static Condition even_c = lock.newCondition();
static Condition odd_c = lock.newCondition(); private static class Odd extends Thread {
public void run() {
int odd = 1;
try {
lock.lock();
while (odd < 100) {
System.out.println("奇 " + odd);
odd += 2;
even_c.signal();
odd_c.await();
}
System.out.println("奇 over");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
even_c.signal();
lock.unlock();
}
}
} private static class Even extends Thread {
public void run() {
int even = 0;
try {
lock.lock();
while (even < 100) {
System.out.println("偶 " + even);
even += 2;
odd_c.signal();
even_c.await();
}
System.out.println("偶 over");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
odd_c.signal();
lock.unlock();
}
}
} public static void main(String[] args) {
new Even().start();
new Odd().start();
}
}
---
另一个题,写出会导致死锁的代码:
public class DeadLock extends Thread {
private Object lock1;
private Object lock2; public DeadLock(Object o1, Object o2) {
this.lock1 = o1;
this.lock2 = o2;
} public void run() {
synchronized (lock1) {
try {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(500);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
synchronized (lock2) {
Q.p("end");
}
}
} public static void main(String[] args) {
Object o1 = new Object(), o2 = new Object();
new DeadLock(o1, o2).start();
new DeadLock(o2, o1).start();
Q.p("main end");
}
}
---
基础回顾:
每个Java对象都拥有一个锁标记,即monitor(监视器),称为对象锁。
wait:
调用obj.wait()方法会阻塞当前线程,直到另一线程调用obj.notify()或obj.notifyAll()方法,其中obj为同一对象,当前线程必须持有obj对象锁,即必须在synchronized方法或代码块中,否则抛出IllegalMonitorStateException。调用wait方法的线程会释放对象锁。
notify:
唤醒一个正在等待该对象锁的线程,若有多个线程都在等待也只会唤醒一个。被唤醒的线程无法立即执行,直到当前线程放弃该对象锁,然后被唤醒的线程会像往常一样与任何其他线程竞争该对象锁,
该方法也必须在持有该对象锁的线程里调用,即必须在synchronized方法或代码块中,否则抛出IllegalMonitorStateException。
synchronized:
synchronized关键字标记一个方法或者代码块,当某个线程调用该对象的synchronized方法或者访问synchronized代码块时,这个线程便获得了该对象的锁,其他线程暂时无法访问这个方法,只有等待这个方法执行完毕或者代码块执行完毕,这个线程才会释放该对象的锁,其他线程才能执行这个方法或者代码块。
end