说明
代码片段来自网上搬运的或者自己写的
华氏温度转摄氏温度
f = float(input('请输入华氏温度: '))
c = (f - 32) / 1.8
print('%.1f华氏度 = %.1f摄氏度' % (f, c))
输入圆的半径计算计算周长和面积
import math
radius = float(input('请输入圆的半径: '))
perimeter = 2 * math.pi * radius
area = math.pi * radius * radius
print('周长: %.2f' % perimeter)
print('面积: %.2f' % area)
输入年份判断是不是闰年
year = int(input('请输入年份: '))
# 如果代码太长写成一行不便于阅读 可以使用\或()折行
is_leap = (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0 or
year % 400 == 0)
print(is_leap)
英制单位与公制单位互换
value = float(input('请输入长度: '))
unit = input('请输入单位: ')
if unit == 'in' or unit == '英寸':
print('%f英寸 = %f厘米' % (value, value * 2.54))
elif unit == 'cm' or unit == '厘米':
print('%f厘米 = %f英寸' % (value, value / 2.54))
else:
print('请输入有效的单位')
掷骰子决定做什么
from random import randint
face = randint(1, 6)
if face == 1:
result = '唱首歌'
elif face == 2:
result = '跳个舞'
elif face == 3:
result = '学狗叫'
elif face == 4:
result = '做俯卧撑'
elif face == 5:
result = '念绕口令'
else:
result = '讲冷笑话'
print(result)
百分制成绩转等级制
score = float(input('请输入成绩: '))
if score >= 90:
grade = 'A'
elif score >= 80:
grade = 'B'
elif score >= 70:
grade = 'C'
elif score >= 60:
grade = 'D'
else:
grade = 'E'
print('对应的等级是:', grade)
输入三条边长如果能构成三角形就计算周长和面积
import math
a = float(input('a = '))
b = float(input('b = '))
c = float(input('c = '))
if a + b > c and a + c > b and b + c > a:
print('周长: %f' % (a + b + c))
p = (a + b + c) / 2
area = math.sqrt(p * (p - a) * (p - b) * (p - c))
print('面积: %f' % (area))
else:
print('不能构成三角形')
上面的代码中使用了math模块的sqrt函数来计算平方根。用边长计算三角形面积的公式叫做海伦公式。
实现一个个人所得税计算器
salary = float(input('本月收入: '))
insurance = float(input('五险一金: '))
diff = salary - insurance - 3500
if diff <= 0:
rate = 0
deduction = 0
elif diff < 1500:
rate = 0.03
deduction = 0
elif diff < 4500:
rate = 0.1
deduction = 105
elif diff < 9000:
rate = 0.2
deduction = 555
elif diff < 35000:
rate = 0.25
deduction = 1005
elif diff < 55000:
rate = 0.3
deduction = 2755
elif diff < 80000:
rate = 0.35
deduction = 5505
else:
rate = 0.45
deduction = 13505
tax = abs(diff * rate - deduction)
print('个人所得税: ￥%.2f元' % tax)
print('实际到手收入: ￥%.2f元' % (diff + 3500 - tax))
输入一个数判断是不是素数
from math import sqrt
num = int(input('请输入一个正整数: '))
end = int(sqrt(num))
is_prime = True
for x in range(2, end + 1):
if num % x == 0:
is_prime = False
break
if is_prime and num != 1:
print('%d是素数' % num)
else:
print('%d不是素数' % num)
输入两个正整数，计算最大公约数和最小公倍数
x = int(input('x = '))
y = int(input('y = '))
if x > y:
(x, y) = (y, x)
for factor in range(x, 0, -1):
if x % factor == 0 and y % factor == 0:
print('%d和%d的最大公约数是%d' % (x, y, factor))
print('%d和%d的最小公倍数是%d' % (x, y, x * y // factor))
break
打印三角形图案
row = int(input('请输入行数: '))
for i in range(row):
for _ in range(i + 1):
print('*', end='')
print()
for i in range(row):
for j in range(row):
if j < row - i - 1:
print(' ', end='')
else:
print('*', end='')
print()
for i in range(row):
for _ in range(row - i - 1):
print(' ', end='')
for _ in range(2 * i + 1):
print('*', end='')
print()
实现计算求最大公约数和最小公倍数的函数
def gcd(x, y):
(x, y) = (y, x) if x > y else (x, y)
for factor in range(x, 0, -1):
if x % factor == 0 and y % factor == 0:
return factor
def lcm(x, y):
return x * y // gcd(x, y)
实现判断一个数是不是回文数的函数
def is_palindrome(num):
temp = num
total = 0
while temp > 0:
total = total * 10 + temp % 10
temp //= 10
return total == num
实现判断一个数是不是素数的函数
def is_prime(num):
for factor in range(2, num):
if num % factor == 0:
return False
return True if num != 1 else False
写一个程序判断输入的正整数是不是回文素数
if __name__ == '__main__':
num = int(input('请输入正整数: '))
if is_palindrome(num) and is_prime(num):
print('%d是回文素数' % num)
在屏幕上显示跑马灯文字
import os
import time
def main():
content = '北京欢迎你为你开天辟地…………'
while True:
# 清理屏幕上的输出
os.system('cls') # os.system('clear')
print(content)
# 休眠200毫秒
time.sleep(0.2)
content = content[1:] + content[0]
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
设计一个函数产生指定长度的验证码，验证码由大小写字母和数字构成
import random
def generate_code(code_len=4):
"""
生成指定长度的验证码
:param code_len: 验证码的长度(默认4个字符)
:return: 由大小写英文字母和数字构成的随机验证码
"""
all_chars = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
last_pos = len(all_chars) - 1
code = ''
for _ in range(code_len):
index = random.randint(0, last_pos)
code += all_chars[index]
return code
# 生成随机字符串
def random_str(random_length=8):
str = ''
# 生成字符串的可选字符串
chars = 'AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz0123456789'
length = len(chars) - 1
random = Random()
for i in range(random_length):
str += chars[random.randint(0, length)]
return str
设计一个函数返回给定文件名的后缀名
def get_suffix(filename, has_dot=False):
"""
获取文件名的后缀名
:param filename: 文件名
:param has_dot: 返回的后缀名是否需要带点
:return: 文件的后缀名
"""
pos = filename.rfind('.')
if 0 < pos < len(filename) - 1:
index = pos if has_dot else pos + 1
return filename[index:]
else:
return ''
设计一个函数返回传入的列表中最大和第二大的元素的值
def max2(x):
m1, m2 = (x[0], x[1]) if x[0] > x[1] else (x[1], x[0])
for index in range(2, len(x)):
if x[index] > m1:
m2 = m1
m1 = x[index]
elif x[index] > m2:
m2 = x[index]
return m1, m2
计算指定的年月日是这一年的第几天
def is_leap_year(year):
"""
判断指定的年份是不是闰年
:param year: 年份
:return: 闰年返回True平年返回False
"""
return year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0 or year % 400 == 0
def which_day(year, month, date):
"""
计算传入的日期是这一年的第几天
:param year: 年
:param month: 月
:param date: 日
:return: 第几天
"""
days_of_month = [
[31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31],
[31, 29, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31]
][is_leap_year(year)]
total = 0
for index in range(month - 1):
total += days_of_month[index]
return total + date
def main():
print(which_day(1980, 11, 28))
print(which_day(1981, 12, 31))
print(which_day(2018, 1, 1))
print(which_day(2016, 3, 1))
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
打印杨辉三角
def main():
num = int(input('Number of rows: '))
yh = [[]] * num
for row in range(len(yh)):
yh[row] = [None] * (row + 1)
for col in range(len(yh[row])):
if col == 0 or col == row:
yh[row][col] = 1
else:
yh[row][col] = yh[row - 1][col] + yh[row - 1][col - 1]
print(yh[row][col], end='\t')
print()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
双色球选号
from random import randrange, randint, sample
def display(balls):
"""
输出列表中的双色球号码
"""
for index, ball in enumerate(balls):
if index == len(balls) - 1:
print('|', end=' ')
print('%02d' % ball, end=' ')
print()
def random_select():
"""
随机选择一组号码
"""
red_balls = [x for x in range(1, 34)]
selected_balls = []
for _ in range(6):
index = randrange(len(red_balls))
selected_balls.append(red_balls[index])
del red_balls[index]
# 上面的for循环也可以写成下面这行代码
# sample函数是random模块下的函数
# selected_balls = sample(red_balls, 6)
selected_balls.sort()
selected_balls.append(randint(1, 16))
return selected_balls
def main():
n = int(input('机选几注: '))
for _ in range(n):
display(random_select())
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
可以使用random模块的sample函数来实现从列表中选择不重复的n个元素。
约瑟夫环问题
"""
《幸运的基督徒》
有15个基督徒和15个非基督徒在海上遇险，为了能让一部分人活下来不得不将其中15个人扔到海里面去，有个人想了个办法就是大家围成一个圈，由某个人开始从1报数，报到9的人就扔到海里面，他后面的人接着从1开始报数，报到9的人继续扔到海里面，直到扔掉15个人。由于上帝的保佑，15个基督徒都幸免于难，问这些人最开始是怎么站的，哪些位置是基督徒哪些位置是非基督徒。
"""
def main():
persons = [True] * 30
counter, index, number = 0, 0, 0
while counter < 15:
if persons[index]:
number += 1
if number == 9:
persons[index] = False
counter += 1
number = 0
index += 1
index %= 30
for person in persons:
print('基' if person else '非', end='')
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
数字时钟
from time import sleep
class Clock:
"""[数字时钟]
Args:
"""
def __init__(self, hour=0, minute=0, second=0):
"""[初始化时间]
hour (int, optional): Defaults to 0. [Representing hour]
minute (int, optional): Defaults to 0. [Representing minute]
second (int, optional): Defaults to 0. [Representing second]
"""
self._hour = hour
self._minute = minute
self._second = second
def run(self):
"""[走字]
Bad:
1. 面条代码（spagetti code）
"""
while True:
print(self)
self._second += 1
if self._second == 60:
self._second = 0
self._minute += 1
if self._minute == 60:
self._minute = 0
self._hour += 1
if self._hour == 24:
self._hour = 0
sleep(1)
def __str__(self):
"""[显示时间]
"""
return '%02d:%02d:%02d' % (self._hour, self._minute, self._second)
def main():
"""[主程序入口]
"""
clock = Clock(9, 11, 57)
clock.run()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
二维坐标
from math import sqrt
class Point:
"""[二维坐标，用(x,y)表示]
"""
def __init__(self, x=0, y=0):
"""[坐标构造函数]
x (int, float, optional): Defaults to 0. [坐标x]
y (int, float, optional): Defaults to 0. [坐标y]
"""
self.x = x
self.y = y
def move_to(self, x, y):
"""[移动到指定位置]
Args:
x ([int, float]): [新的坐标x]
y ([int, float]): [新的坐标y]
"""
self.x = x
self.y = y
def moved_by(self, dx, dy):
"""[移动指定的增量]
Args:
dx ([int, float]): [坐标x的增量]
dy ([int, float]): [坐标y的增量]
"""
self.x += dx
self.y += dy
def distance_to(self, other):
"""[计算到另一个坐标的距离]
Args:
other ([class Point]): [另一个坐标]
"""
dx = self.x - other.x
dy = self.y - other.y
return sqrt(dx ** 2 + dy ** 2)
def __str__(self):
"""[调用print()的时候，调用此方法，for users!]
"""
return '(%s, %s)' % (str(self.x), str(self.y))
def main():
p1 = Point(3, 5)
p2 = Point()
print(p1)
print(p2)
p2.moved_by(-1, 2)
print(p2)
print(p1.distance_to(p2))
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
用装饰器模拟session，或者说用装饰器实现验证功能
user_session = {'username': None, 'login_status': False}
def login_required(func):
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
if user_session['username'] and user_session['login_status']:
func(*args, **kwargs)
else:
print('没有足够权限')
return wrapper
def auth_func(func):
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
username = input('用户名： ').strip()
password = input('密码： ').strip()
if username == 'sb' and password == '123':
user_session['username'] = username
user_session['login_status'] = password
func(*args, **kwargs)
else:
print('用户名或者密码错误')
return wrapper
@auth_func
def index():
print('欢迎来到京东')
@login_required
def home(name):
print('欢迎回家%s' % name)
@login_required
def shopping_cart():
print('购物车里有 [%s,%s,%s]' % ('袜子', '鞋子', '娃娃'))
index()
home('allen')
shopping_cart()
判断是否属于类的方法(method)
def hasmethod(obj, name):
return hasattr(obj, name) and isinstance(getattr(obj, name), types.MethodType)
BeautifulSoup提取优化
def get_sub_soup(soup, rules):
if isinstance(rules, (list, tuple)):
for rule in rules:
soup = get_sub_soup(soup, rule)
next_sibling = rule.pop("find_next_sibling", None)
if soup and next_sibling:
soup = soup.find_next_sibling(next_sibling)
elif isinstance(rules, dict):
temp = rules.pop("find_next_sibling", None)
if soup:
soup = soup.find(**rules)
rules.update(find_next_sibling=temp)
return soup
def ismethod(obj, name):
return hasattr(obj, name) and isinstance(getattr(obj, name), types.MethodType)
def get_soup_attr(obj, attrs):
if isinstance(attrs, (list, tuple)):
result = obj
for attr in attrs:
result = get_soup_attr(result, attr)
else:
if isinstance(obj, dict):
result = obj.get(attrs)
elif ismethod(obj, attrs):
result = getattr(obj, attrs)()
elif isinstance(obj, Tag):
result = getattr(obj, attrs)
else:
return obj
return result
def parse_soup(soup, rules, attrs, default_result=None):
"""
:param soup: soup
:param rules: [{'name': 'div'}, {'name': 'a'}]
:param attrs: "text" or ["text"] or ["attrs", "href"]
:param default_result: '' or []
:return:
"""
result = default_result
soup = get_sub_soup(soup, rules)
if soup:
result = get_soup_attr(soup, attrs)
return result
完全去除空格
class SpacesRemover(object):
"""
去除空格
"""
def __call__(self, s):
return ''.join(s.split())
def __ror__(self, s):
return self(s)
remove_spaces = SpacesRemover()