Android_设备隐私获取,忽略6.0权限管理

1.前言

(1).由于MIUI等部分国产定制系统也有权限管理,没有相关api,故无法判断用户是否允许获取联系人等隐私。在Android 6.0之后,新增权限管理可以通过官方api判断用户的运行状态;

(2).我们指定targetSdkVersion为23或者之后我们还需要在运行时请求这些所需的权限。这很重要,因为已经出现了很多开发者把targetSdkVersion飙到了最新,然后发现自己的app疯狂的崩溃,这是由于他们没有实现执行运行时权限请求的代码。当你已经把一个targeting API 为23或者之后的app发布到了Google Play上,这更是一个问题,你无法立即把那个apk的targeting API替换成更早的版本。

2.权限分析

从Android6.0开始,权限分为普通权限和许可权限。许可权限分类归组,一个权限授权之后,该组下的权限均可使用。

(1)普通权限

只需要在xml申请即可,使用方法和之前6.0以前的一样。在应用安装应用时,会默认获得许可。

(2)许可权限

可执行 $adb shell pm list permissions -d -g

Permission Group Permissions
android.permission-group.CALENDAR
  • android.permission.READ_CALENDAR
  • android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR
android.permission-group.CAMERA
  • android.permission.CAMERA
android.permission-group.CONTACTS
  • android.permission.READ_CONTACTS
  • android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
  • android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
android.permission-group.LOCATION
  • android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
  • android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
android.permission-group.MICROPHONE
  • android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
android.permission-group.PHONE
  • android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
  • android.permission.CALL_PHONE
  • android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG
  • android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG
  • com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL
  • android.permission.USE_SIP
  • android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
android.permission-group.SENSORS
  • android.permission.BODY_SENSORS
android.permission-group.SMS
  • android.permission.SEND_SMS
  • android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
  • android.permission.READ_SMS
  • android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
  • android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS
  • android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS
android.permission-group.STORAGE
  • android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
  • android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

同一组的任何一个权限被授权了,其他权限也自动被授权。例如,一旦WRITE_CONTACTS被授权了,app也有READ_CONTACTS和GET_ACCOUNTS了。
源码中被用来检查和请求权限的方法分别是Activity的checkSelfPermission和requestPermissions,这些方法api23引入。

3.相关方法

(1).ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission()

检查应用是否拥有该权限,被授权返回值为PERMISSION_GRANTED,否则返回PERMISSION_DENIED

(2).ActivityCompat.requestPermissions()

将弹出请求授权对话框,这个方法在M之前版本调用,OnRequestPermissionsResultCallback 直接被调用,带着正确的 PERMISSION_GRANTED或者 PERMISSION_DENIED 。

(3).AppCompatActivity.onRequestPermissionsResult()

该方法类似于Activity的OnActivityResult()的回调方法,主要接收请求授权的返回值

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//版本判断
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
      //减少是否拥有权限
      int checkCallPhonePermission = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(getApplicationContext(), permission);
      if (checkCallPhonePermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
           //弹出对话框接收权限
           ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(BaseActivity.thisnew String[]{permission}, id);
           return;
      }
}
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@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
     super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
     if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
          //TODO:已授权
     else {
          //TODO:用户拒绝
     }
}

4.封装

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public class BaseActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
     private Map<Integer, Runnable> allowablePermissionRunnables = new HashMap<>();
     private Map<Integer, Runnable> disallowablePermissionRunnables = new HashMap<>();
     @Override
     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
           super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
     }
     /**
       * 请求权限
       * @param id 请求授权的id 唯一标识即可
       * @param permission 请求的权限
       * @param allowableRunnable 同意授权后的操作
       * @param disallowableRunnable 禁止权限后的操作
       */
     protected void requestPermission(int id, String permission, Runnable allowableRunnable, Runnable disallowableRunnable) {
          if (allowableRunnable == null) {
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("allowableRunnable == null");
          }
          allowablePermissionRunnables.put(id, allowableRunnable);
          if (disallowableRunnable != null) {
                disallowablePermissionRunnables.put(id, disallowableRunnable);
          }
          //版本判断
          if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
               //减少是否拥有权限
               int checkCallPhonePermission = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(getApplicationContext(), permission);
               if (checkCallPhonePermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                      //弹出对话框接收权限
                      ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(BaseActivity.thisnew String[]{permission}, id);
                      return;
               else {
                      allowableRunnable.run();
               }
          else {
               allowableRunnable.run();
          }
    }
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
               Runnable allowRun = allowablePermissionRunnables.get(requestCode);
               allowRun.run();
        else {
               Runnable disallowRun = disallowablePermissionRunnables.get(requestCode);
               disallowRun.run();
        }
    }
}
 
public class MainActivity extends BaseActivity implements View.OnClickListener{
     private Button btCallPhone;
     private Button btContact;
     @Override
     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
          super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
          setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
          btCallPhone = (Button) findViewById(R.id.call_phone);
          btContact = (Button) findViewById(R.id.contact);
          btCallPhone.setOnClickListener(this);
          btContact.setOnClickListener(this);
     }
     @Override
     public void onClick(View v) {
          if(v == btCallPhone){
               //拨打电话
               requestPermission(1, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE, new Runnable() {
               @Override
               public void run() {
                    callPhone();
               }
          }, new Runnable() {
               @Override
               public void run() {
                    callPhoneDenied();
               }
          });
     }else if(v == btContact){
          //读取联系人信息
          requestPermission(2, Manifest.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS, new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                     readContact();
                }
          }, new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                     readContactDenied();
                }
          });
      }
  }
  private void callPhone() {
       Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this"CALL_PHONE OK", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
  }
  private void callPhoneDenied() {
      Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this"CALL_PHONE Denied", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
  }
  private void readContact() {
       ContentResolver cr = getContentResolver();
       String str[] = {ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTACT_ID, ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.DISPLAY_NAME, ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER, ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.PHOTO_ID};
       Cursor cur = cr.query(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI, str, nullnullnull);
       int count = cur.getCount();
       cur.close();
       Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, String.format("发现%s条", count), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
  }
  private void readContactDenied() {
      Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this"Contact Denied", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
  }
}

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