装箱问题的CPLEX求解

装箱问题(Bin Packing Problem)

装箱问题即搬家公司问题。一个搬家公司有无限多的箱子,每个箱子的承重上限为W,当搬家公司进入一个房间时,所有物品都必须被装入箱子,每个物品的重量为wi (i=1,...,m),规划装箱方式,使得使用的箱子最少。此文及所有本博客中的博文均为原创,本博客不转发他人博文,特此声明。

实例

一个海运公司有若干货轮, 一个货轮的最大载重量4000吨, 客户货物的重量是 1020T, 1930T, 3575T, 2861T, 4221T, 1541T, 2348T, and 1170T, 问如何分配货物可以使总计需求的货轮数量(航次) 最小。

建模

假设搬家公司带来n个箱子,且n个箱子足够装入所有物品。设0-1变量x[i][j]表示第j个物品是否被安排装入第i个箱子,0表示不装入,1表示装入。根据题意,任何物品必须被装入某个箱子中,于是有约束:

sum{i=1,...,n} x[i][j] = 1 | j=1,...,m            // (1)

如果箱子i有任何物品被装入,则说该箱子被打开,并设0-1变量y[i]表示箱子i是否被打开(0-表示不打开,1-表示打开)。显然目标是极小化打开箱子的数目,即:

min sum{i=1,...,n} y[i]                              //(2)

装入箱子的物品重量和不能超过该箱子的承重,即:

sum{j=1,...,m} x[i][j] <= W*y[i] | i=1,...,n   //(3)

上式表示当聚焦第i个箱子时,如果y[i]=0则任何x[i][j]都必须为0,亦即如果第i个箱子没有被打开,则没有物品可以装入该箱子。反之,如果y[i]=1,则装入该箱子的物品的重量和必须小于箱子的最大承重W。

综合(1)-(3), 装箱问题模型的核心部分如下:

//-------------------------------------------------------

min sum{i=1,...,n} y[i]                                               //(2)

subject to

sum{i=1,...,n} x[i][j] = 1 | j=1,...,m                     // (1)

sum{j=1,...,m} x[i][j]w[i] <= W*y[i] | i=1,...,n    //(3)

//-------------------------------------------------------

添加where段对模型中常量符号和变量符号的说明

//-------------------------------------------------------

where

m,n are integers

W is a number

w is a set

x[i][j] is a variable of binary|i=1,...,n;j=1,...,m

y[i] is a variable of binary|i=1,...,n

//-------------------------------------------------------

E、添加数据段

//-------------------------------------------------------

data

W=4000

w={1020, 1930,3575,2861,4221,1541,2348, 1170}

data_relation

m=_$(w)        // <--  _\$(w) 函数给出集合w中的元素数。

n=m/2           // <-- 预备箱子数取为物体数的一半。

//-------------------------------------------------------

上面模型中,物品个数由求w中的元素数给出。预备箱子数给为物体数的一半。预备箱子数必须大于实际最优箱子数,否则问题无解。

CPLEX求解

求解模型,在Leapms环境中, 首先使用load命令调入并解析模型,  而后使用"cplex" 命令调用IBMC PLEX求解器完成求解.

如果你的leapms版本不支持cplex命令,可用savemps或者savelp保存成mps或lp模型,然后再用cplex求解(https://www.cnblogs.com/leapms/p/11846039.html)。

Leapms>load
Current directory is "ROOT".
.........
binpacking.leap
.........
lease input the filename:binpacking
===============================================================
: //-------------------------------------------------------
:
: min sum{i=1,...,n} y[i] //(2)
: subject to
: sum{i=1,...,n} x[i][j] = 1 | j=1,...,m // (1)
: sum{j=1,...,m} x[i][j]w[i] <= W*y[i] | i=1,...,n //(3)
: where
: m,n are integers
: W is a number
0: w is a set
1: x[i][j] is a variable of binary|i=1,...,n;j=1,...,m
2: y[i] is a variable of binary|i=1,...,n
3: data
4: W=4000
5: w={1020M, 1930M, 3575M, 2861M, 4221M, 1541M, 2348M, 1170}
6: //w={1020, 1930,3575,2861,4221,1541,2348, 1170}
7: data_relation
8: m=_$(w)
9: n=m
0: //-------------------------------------------------------
===============================================================
>end of the file.
arsing model:
D
R
V
O
C
S
End.
.................................
umber of variables=72
umber of constraints=16
.................................
Leapms>cplex
You must have licience for Ilo Cplex, otherwise you will violate
corresponding copyrights, continue(Y/N)?
你必须有Ilo Cplex软件的授权才能使用此功能,否则会侵犯相应版权,
是否继续(Y/N)?y Tried aggregator 1 time.
MIP Presolve eliminated 1 rows and 9 columns.
MIP Presolve modified 61 coefficients.
Reduced MIP has 15 rows, 63 columns, and 119 nonzeros.
Reduced MIP has 63 binaries, 0 generals, 0 SOSs, and 0 indicators.
Presolve time = 0.02 sec. (0.14 ticks)
Found incumbent of value 7.000000 after 0.08 sec. (0.32 ticks)
Probing time = 0.00 sec. (0.06 ticks)
Tried aggregator 1 time.
Reduced MIP has 15 rows, 63 columns, and 119 nonzeros.
Reduced MIP has 63 binaries, 0 generals, 0 SOSs, and 0 indicators.
Presolve time = 0.02 sec. (0.08 ticks)
Probing time = 0.00 sec. (0.06 ticks)
Clique table members: 43.
MIP emphasis: balance optimality and feasibility.
MIP search method: dynamic search.
Parallel mode: deterministic, using up to 4 threads.
Root relaxation solution time = 0.00 sec. (0.05 ticks) Nodes Cuts/
Node Left Objective IInf Best Integer Best Bound ItCnt Gap * 0+ 0 7.0000 0.0000 100.00%
* 0+ 0 4.0000 0.0000 100.00%
0 0 2.2824 5 4.0000 2.2824 8 42.94%
* 0+ 0 3.0000 2.2824 23.92%
0 0 cutoff 3.0000 2.2824 8 23.92%
Elapsed time = 0.20 sec. (0.72 ticks, tree = 0.00 MB, solutions = 3) Root node processing (before b&c):
Real time = 0.22 sec. (0.72 ticks)
Parallel b&c, 4 threads:
Real time = 0.00 sec. (0.00 ticks)
Sync time (average) = 0.00 sec.
Wait time (average) = 0.00 sec.
------------
Total (root+branch&cut) = 0.22 sec. (0.72 ticks)
Solution status = Optimal
Solution value = 3
x1_1=1
x1_5=1
x1_8=1
x6_2=1
x6_7=1
x8_3=1
x8_4=1
x8_6=1
y1=1
y6=1
y8=1

求解结果为:文件分配方案是:第一航次运送1、5、8货物;第二航次2、7货物;第三航次3、4、6货物。总计使用三个航次或三艘货轮。

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