一、什么是观察者模式
观察者模式定义了一系列对象间一对多的关系，当主题对象的状态发生变化时，会通知所有观察者
二、自定义观察模式
1.
2.
package headfirst.designpatterns.observer.weather;
public interface Subject {
public void registerObserver(Observer o);
public void removeObserver(Observer o);
public void notifyObservers();
}
3.
package headfirst.designpatterns.observer.weather;
public interface Observer {
public void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure);
}
4.
package headfirst.designpatterns.observer.weather;
import java.util.*;
public class WeatherData implements Subject {
private ArrayList<Observer> observers;
private float temperature;
private float humidity;
private float pressure;
public WeatherData() {
observers = new ArrayList<Observer>();
}
public void registerObserver(Observer o) {
observers.add(o);
}
public void removeObserver(Observer o) {
int i = observers.indexOf(o);
if (i >= 0) {
observers.remove(i);
}
}
public void notifyObservers() {
for (Observer observer : observers) {
observer.update(temperature, humidity, pressure);
}
}
public void measurementsChanged() {
notifyObservers();
}
public void setMeasurements(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure) {
this.temperature = temperature;
this.humidity = humidity;
this.pressure = pressure;
measurementsChanged();
}
public float getTemperature() {
return temperature;
}
public float getHumidity() {
return humidity;
}
public float getPressure() {
return pressure;
}
}
5.
package headfirst.designpatterns.observer.weather;
public class StatisticsDisplay implements Observer, DisplayElement {
private float maxTemp = 0.0f;
private float minTemp = 200;
private float tempSum= 0.0f;
private int numReadings;
private WeatherData weatherData;
public StatisticsDisplay(WeatherData weatherData) {
this.weatherData = weatherData;
weatherData.registerObserver(this);
}
public void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure) {
tempSum += temp;
numReadings++;
if (temp > maxTemp) {
maxTemp = temp;
}
if (temp < minTemp) {
minTemp = temp;
}
display();
}
public void display() {
System.out.println("Avg/Max/Min temperature = " + (tempSum / numReadings)
+ "/" + maxTemp + "/" + minTemp);
}
}
6.
package headfirst.designpatterns.observer.weather;
public interface DisplayElement {
public void display();
}
7.
package headfirst.designpatterns.observer.weather;
public class CurrentConditionsDisplay implements Observer, DisplayElement {
private float temperature;
private float humidity;
private Subject weatherData;
public CurrentConditionsDisplay(Subject weatherData) {
this.weatherData = weatherData;
weatherData.registerObserver(this);
}
public void update(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure) {
this.temperature = temperature;
this.humidity = humidity;
display();
}
public void display() {
System.out.println("Current conditions: " + temperature
+ "F degrees and " + humidity + "% humidity");
}
}
8.
package headfirst.designpatterns.observer.weather;
public class HeatIndexDisplay implements Observer, DisplayElement {
float heatIndex = 0.0f;
private WeatherData weatherData;
public HeatIndexDisplay(WeatherData weatherData) {
this.weatherData = weatherData;
weatherData.registerObserver(this);
}
public void update(float t, float rh, float pressure) {
heatIndex = computeHeatIndex(t, rh);
display();
}
private float computeHeatIndex(float t, float rh) {
float index = (float)((16.923 + (0.185212 * t) + (5.37941 * rh) - (0.100254 * t * rh)
+ (0.00941695 * (t * t)) + (0.00728898 * (rh * rh))
+ (0.000345372 * (t * t * rh)) - (0.000814971 * (t * rh * rh)) +
(0.0000102102 * (t * t * rh * rh)) - (0.000038646 * (t * t * t)) + (0.0000291583 *
(rh * rh * rh)) + (0.00000142721 * (t * t * t * rh)) +
(0.000000197483 * (t * rh * rh * rh)) - (0.0000000218429 * (t * t * t * rh * rh)) +
0.000000000843296 * (t * t * rh * rh * rh)) -
(0.0000000000481975 * (t * t * t * rh * rh * rh)));
return index;
}
public void display() {
System.out.println("Heat index is " + heatIndex);
}
}
9.
package headfirst.designpatterns.observer.weather;
public class WeatherStation {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData();
CurrentConditionsDisplay currentDisplay =
new CurrentConditionsDisplay(weatherData);
StatisticsDisplay statisticsDisplay = new StatisticsDisplay(weatherData);
ForecastDisplay forecastDisplay = new ForecastDisplay(weatherData);
weatherData.setMeasurements(80, 65, 30.4f);
weatherData.setMeasurements(82, 70, 29.2f);
weatherData.setMeasurements(78, 90, 29.2f);
}
}
10.
package headfirst.designpatterns.observer.weather;
public class WeatherStationHeatIndex {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData();
CurrentConditionsDisplay currentDisplay = new CurrentConditionsDisplay(weatherData);
StatisticsDisplay statisticsDisplay = new StatisticsDisplay(weatherData);
ForecastDisplay forecastDisplay = new ForecastDisplay(weatherData);
HeatIndexDisplay heatIndexDisplay = new HeatIndexDisplay(weatherData);
weatherData.setMeasurements(80, 65, 30.4f);
weatherData.setMeasurements(82, 70, 29.2f);
weatherData.setMeasurements(78, 90, 29.2f);
}
}
三、Java.util.Observable
1.
package headfirst.designpatterns.observer.weatherobservable;
public interface DisplayElement {
public void display();
}
2.
package headfirst.designpatterns.observer.weatherobservable;
import java.util.Observable;
public class WeatherData extends Observable {
private float temperature;
private float humidity;
private float pressure;
public WeatherData() { }
public void measurementsChanged() {
setChanged();
notifyObservers();
}
public void setMeasurements(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure) {
this.temperature = temperature;
this.humidity = humidity;
this.pressure = pressure;
measurementsChanged();
}
public float getTemperature() {
return temperature;
}
public float getHumidity() {
return humidity;
}
public float getPressure() {
return pressure;
}
}
3.
package headfirst.designpatterns.observer.weatherobservable; import java.util.Observable;
import java.util.Observer; public class StatisticsDisplay implements Observer, DisplayElement {
private float maxTemp = 0.0f;
private float minTemp = 200;
private float tempSum= 0.0f;
private int numReadings; public StatisticsDisplay(Observable observable) {
observable.addObserver(this);
} public void update(Observable observable, Object arg) {
if (observable instanceof WeatherData) {
WeatherData weatherData = (WeatherData)observable;
float temp = weatherData.getTemperature();
tempSum += temp;
numReadings++; if (temp > maxTemp) {
maxTemp = temp;
} if (temp < minTemp) {
minTemp = temp;
} display();
}
} public void display() {
System.out.println("Avg/Max/Min temperature = " + (tempSum / numReadings)
+ "/" + maxTemp + "/" + minTemp);
}
}
4.
package headfirst.designpatterns.observer.weatherobservable; import java.util.Observable;
import java.util.Observer; public class HeatIndexDisplay implements Observer, DisplayElement {
float heatIndex = 0.0f; public HeatIndexDisplay(Observable observable) {
observable.addObserver(this);
} public void update(Observable observable, Object arg) {
if (observable instanceof WeatherData) {
WeatherData weatherData = (WeatherData)observable;
float t = weatherData.getTemperature();
float rh = weatherData.getHumidity();
heatIndex = (float)
(
(16.923 + (0.185212 * t)) +
(5.37941 * rh) -
(0.100254 * t * rh) +
(0.00941695 * (t * t)) +
(0.00728898 * (rh * rh)) +
(0.000345372 * (t * t * rh)) -
(0.000814971 * (t * rh * rh)) +
(0.0000102102 * (t * t * rh * rh)) -
(0.000038646 * (t * t * t)) +
(0.0000291583 * (rh * rh * rh)) +
(0.00000142721 * (t * t * t * rh)) +
(0.000000197483 * (t * rh * rh * rh)) -
(0.0000000218429 * (t * t * t * rh * rh)) +
(0.000000000843296 * (t * t * rh * rh * rh)) -
(0.0000000000481975 * (t * t * t * rh * rh * rh)));
display();
}
} public void display() {
System.out.println("Heat index is " + heatIndex);
}
}
5.
package headfirst.designpatterns.observer.weatherobservable; import java.util.Observable;
import java.util.Observer; public class ForecastDisplay implements Observer, DisplayElement {
private float currentPressure = 29.92f;
private float lastPressure; public ForecastDisplay(Observable observable) {
observable.addObserver(this);
} public void update(Observable observable, Object arg) {
if (observable instanceof WeatherData) {
WeatherData weatherData = (WeatherData)observable;
lastPressure = currentPressure;
currentPressure = weatherData.getPressure();
display();
}
} public void display() {
System.out.print("Forecast: ");
if (currentPressure > lastPressure) {
System.out.println("Improving weather on the way!");
} else if (currentPressure == lastPressure) {
System.out.println("More of the same");
} else if (currentPressure < lastPressure) {
System.out.println("Watch out for cooler, rainy weather");
}
}
}
6.
package headfirst.designpatterns.observer.weatherobservable;
public class WeatherStation {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData();
CurrentConditionsDisplay currentConditions = new CurrentConditionsDisplay(weatherData);
StatisticsDisplay statisticsDisplay = new StatisticsDisplay(weatherData);
ForecastDisplay forecastDisplay = new ForecastDisplay(weatherData);
weatherData.setMeasurements(80, 65, 30.4f);
weatherData.setMeasurements(82, 70, 29.2f);
weatherData.setMeasurements(78, 90, 29.2f);
}
}
四、Swing中的观察者模式
1.
package headfirst.observer.swing; import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.event.*; public class SwingObserverExample {
JFrame frame; public static void main(String[] args) {
SwingObserverExample example = new SwingObserverExample();
example.go();
} public void go() {
frame = new JFrame(); JButton button = new JButton("Should I do it?");
button.addActionListener(new AngelListener());
button.addActionListener(new DevilListener());
frame.getContentPane().add(BorderLayout.CENTER, button); // Set frame properties
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.getContentPane().add(BorderLayout.CENTER, button);
frame.setSize(300,300);
frame.setVisible(true);
} class AngelListener implements ActionListener {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
System.out.println("Don't do it, you might regret it!");
}
} class DevilListener implements ActionListener {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
System.out.println("Come on, do it!");
}
}
}