类似半加器和全加器,也有半减器和全减器。
半减器只考虑当前两位二进制数相减,输出为差以及是否向高位借位,而全减器还要考虑当前位的低位是否曾有借位。它们的真值表如下:
对半减器,diff = x ^y, cin = ~x&y
对全减器,要理解真值表,可以用举列子的方法得到,比如4’b1000-4b'0001,则第一位对应0 1 0 1 1第二位对应的是0 0 1 1 1
从真值表中,可以得到 diff = x ^ y ^cout, cin = (~x&(y^cout))|(y&cout)
推导过程:diff = ~x&~y&cout + ~x&y&~cout +x&~y&~cout+x&y&cout=~x&(~y&cout+y&~cout)+x&(~y&~cout+y&cout)=~x&(y^cout)+x&~(y^cout)=x^y^cout;
cin = ~x&~y&cout+~x&y&~cout+~x&y&cout+x&y&cout=~x&(~y&cout+~x&~cout)+(~x+x)&y&cout=~x&(y^cout)+y&cout
注意:这儿 +和|都表示或。
半减器的verilog代码和testbench代码如下:
module halfsub(x,y,d,cin); input x;
input y; output d;
output cin; assign d = x^y;
assign cin = (~x)&y; endmodule
`timescale 1ns/1ns
`define clock_period 20 module halfsub_tb;
reg x,y; wire cin; //carryover
wire d;
reg clk; halfsub halfsub_0(
.x(x),
.y(y),
.d(d),
.cin(cin)
); initial clk = 0;
always #(`clock_period/2) clk = ~clk; initial begin
x = 0;
repeat(20)
#(`clock_period) x = $random; end initial begin
y = 0;
repeat(20)
#(`clock_period) y = $random; end initial begin
#(`clock_period*20)
$stop;
end endmodule
用rtl viewer,可以看到半减器逻辑图如下:
半减器功能验证的波形:
全减器的verilog代码和testbench代码如下:
module fullsub(cout,x,y,d,cin); input cout; // carry out bit, borrowed by its next low bit
input x;
input y; output d;
output cin; assign d = x^y^cout;
assign cin = (~x&(y^cout))|(y&cout); endmodule
`timescale 1ns/1ns
`define clock_period 20 module fullsub_tb;
reg x,y,cout; wire cin; //carryover
wire d;
reg clk; fullsub fullsub_0(
.cout(cout),
.x(x),
.y(y),
.d(d),
.cin(cin)
); initial clk = 0;
always #(`clock_period/2) clk = ~clk; initial begin
x = 0;
repeat(20)
#(`clock_period) x = $random; end initial begin
y = 0;
repeat(20)
#(`clock_period) y = $random; end initial begin
cout = 0;
repeat(20)
#(`clock_period) cout = $random; end initial begin
#(`clock_period*20)
$stop;
end endmodule
用rtl viewer,可以看到全减器逻辑图如下:
全减器的功能验证波形: