最近由于工作需要，写了一些windows服务程序，有一些经验，我现在总结写出来。
目前我知道的创建创建Windows服务有3种方式:
a.利用.net框架类ServiceBase
b.利用组件Topshelf
c.利用小工具instsrv和srvany
下面我利用这3种方式,分别做一个windows服务程序，程序功能就是每隔5秒往程序目录下记录日志:
a.利用.net框架类ServiceBase
本方式特点:简单，兼容性好
通过继承.net框架类ServiceBase实现
第1步: 新建一个Windows服务
public partial class Service1 : ServiceBase
{
readonly Timer _timer; private static readonly string FileName = Path.GetDirectoryName ( Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly ( ).Location ) + @"\" + "test.txt"; public Service1 ( )
{
InitializeComponent ( ); _timer = new Timer ( 5000 )
{
AutoReset = true ,
Enabled = true
}; _timer.Elapsed += delegate ( object sender , ElapsedEventArgs e )
{
this.witre ( string.Format ( "Run DateTime {0}" , DateTime.Now ) );
};
} protected override void OnStart ( string [ ] args )
{
this.witre ( string.Format ( "Start DateTime {0}" , DateTime.Now ) );
} protected override void OnStop ( )
{
this.witre ( string.Format ( "Stop DateTime {0}" , DateTime.Now ) + Environment.NewLine );
} void witre ( string context )
{
StreamWriter sw = File.AppendText ( FileName );
sw.WriteLine ( context );
sw.Flush ( );
sw.Close ( );
} }
第2步: 添加Installer
[RunInstaller ( true )]
public partial class Installer1 : System.Configuration.Install.Installer
{
private ServiceInstaller serviceInstaller;
private ServiceProcessInstaller processInstaller; public Installer1 ( )
{
InitializeComponent ( ); processInstaller = new ServiceProcessInstaller ( );
serviceInstaller = new ServiceInstaller ( ); processInstaller.Account = ServiceAccount.LocalSystem;
serviceInstaller.StartType = ServiceStartMode.Automatic; serviceInstaller.ServiceName = "my_WindowsService";
serviceInstaller.Description = "WindowsService_Description";
serviceInstaller.DisplayName = "WindowsService_DisplayName"; Installers.Add ( serviceInstaller );
Installers.Add ( processInstaller );
}
}
第3步:安装,卸载
Cmd命令
installutil WindowsService_test.exe (安装Windows服务)
installutil /u WindowsService_test.exe (卸载Windows服务)
代码下载:http://files.cnblogs.com/aierong/WindowsService_test.rar
b.利用组件Topshelf
本方式特点:代码简单,开源组件,Windows服务可运行多个实例
Topshelf是一个开源的跨平台的服务框架，支持Windows和Mono，只需要几行代码就可以构建一个很方便使用的服务. 官方网站:http://topshelf-project.com
第1步:引用程序集TopShelf.dll和log4net.dll
第2步:创建一个服务类MyClass,里面包含两个方法Start和Stop,还包含一个定时器Timer,每隔5秒往文本文件中写入字符
public class MyClass
{
readonly Timer _timer; private static readonly string FileName = Directory.GetCurrentDirectory ( ) + @"\" + "test.txt"; public MyClass ( )
{
_timer = new Timer ( 5000 )
{
AutoReset = true ,
Enabled = true
}; _timer.Elapsed += delegate ( object sender , ElapsedEventArgs e )
{
this.witre ( string.Format ( "Run DateTime {0}" , DateTime.Now ) );
};
} void witre ( string context )
{
StreamWriter sw = File.AppendText ( FileName );
sw.WriteLine ( context );
sw.Flush ( );
sw.Close ( );
} public void Start ( )
{
this.witre ( string.Format ( "Start DateTime {0}" , DateTime.Now ) );
} public void Stop ( )
{
this.witre ( string.Format ( "Stop DateTime {0}" , DateTime.Now ) + Environment.NewLine );
} }
第3步:使用Topshelf宿主我们的服务，主要是Topshelf如何设置我们的服务的配置和启动和停止的时候的方法调用
class Program
{
static void Main ( string [ ] args )
{
HostFactory.Run ( x =>
{
x.Service<MyClass> ( ( s ) =>
{
s.SetServiceName ( "ser" );
s.ConstructUsing ( name => new MyClass ( ) );
s.WhenStarted ( ( t ) => t.Start ( ) );
s.WhenStopped ( ( t ) => t.Stop ( ) );
} ); x.RunAsLocalSystem ( ); //服务的描述
x.SetDescription ( "Topshelf_Description" );
//服务的显示名称
x.SetDisplayName ( "Topshelf_DisplayName" );
//服务名称
x.SetServiceName ( "Topshelf_ServiceName" ); } );
}
}
第4步: cmd命令
ConsoleApp_Topshelf.exe install (安装Windows服务)
ConsoleApp_Topshelf.exe uninstall (卸载Windows服务)
代码下载:http://files.cnblogs.com/aierong/ConsoleApp_Topshelf.rar
c.利用小工具instsrv和srvany
本方式特点:代码超级简单,WindowsForm程序即可,并支持程序交互(本人最喜欢的特点),好像不支持win7,支持xp win2003
首先介绍2个小工具:
instsrv.exe:用以安装和卸载可执行的服务
srvany.exe:用于将任何EXE程序作为Windows服务运行
这2个工具都是是Microsoft Windows Resource Kits工具集的实用的小工具
你可以通过下载并安装Microsoft Windows Resource Kits获得 http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=17657
第1步: 新建WindowsForm程序
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
Timer _timer; private static readonly string FileName = Application.StartupPath + @"\" + "test.txt"; public Form1 ( )
{
InitializeComponent ( );
} private void Form1_Load ( object sender , EventArgs e )
{
_timer = new Timer ( )
{
Enabled = true ,
Interval = 5000
}; _timer.Tick += delegate ( object _sender , EventArgs _e )
{
this.witre ( string.Format ( "Run DateTime {0}" , DateTime.Now ) );
};
} void _timer_Tick ( object sender , EventArgs e )
{
throw new NotImplementedException ( );
} void witre ( string context )
{
StreamWriter sw = File.AppendText ( FileName );
sw.WriteLine ( context );
sw.Flush ( );
sw.Close ( );
} private void button1_Click ( object sender , EventArgs e )
{
MessageBox.Show ( "Hello" );
} }
第2步:安装,卸载
服务的安装步骤分5小步:
(1)打开CMD,输入以下内容，其中WindowsForms_WindowsService为你要创建的服务名称
格式:目录绝对路径\instsrv WindowsForms_WindowsService 目录绝对路径\srvany.exe
例如:
D:\TempWork\win\Debug\instsrv.exe WindowsForms_WindowsService D:\TempWork\win\Debug\srvany.exe
(2)regedit打开注册表编辑器,找到以下目录
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\WindowsForms_WindowsService
(3)鼠标右键单击WindowsForms_WindowsService，创建一个"项"，名称为"Parameters"
(4)鼠标左键单击"Parameters",在右边点击鼠标右键，创建一个"字符串值"(REG_SZ)，名称为"Application"，数值数据里填写目录下可执行文件的绝对路径+文件名
例如:
D:\TempWork\win\Debug\WindowsFormsApplication_Exe.exe
(5)打开services.msc服务控制面板，找到WindowsForms_WindowsService服务，鼠标右键-属性-登陆，勾选"允许服务与桌面交互"
启动服务,可以看到程序界面
卸载服务
D:\TempWork\win\Debug\instsrv.exe WindowsForms_WindowsService REMOVE
代码下载:http://files.cnblogs.com/aierong/WindowsFormsApplication_Exe.rar