Flask(五):组件的使用(flask-session、wtforms)

这里写目录标题

一.flask-session

pip install flask-session 比session(session是将内容存到用户浏览器,而flask_session则是将内容存到后端redis,给用户响应的只是一个uuid),也是继承dict

作用:将默认保存的签名cookie中的值 保存到 redis/memcahed/file/Mongodb/SQLAlchemy中,一般我们使用redis
配置:方法1:settings中
    	SESSION_TYPE = 'redis'
    	SESSION_REDIS = Redis(host='test-redis.res.yqxiu.cn', port=6379)
     方法2:如果不在settings中,在project的app初始化py文件中:
     	from redis import Redis
    	app.config['SESSION_TYPE'] = 'redis'
    	app.config['SESSION_REDIS'] = Redis(host='test-redis.res.yqxiu.cn', port=6379)
调用:
	 都是在app初始化py文件中:
		from flask_session import Session
		Session(app)# 替换为redis

注意:session中存储的是dict类型,修改字典内部元素(不是第一层key)时,会造成数据不更新。
解决方式

settings文件中:
SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST = True

而且,需要在存储session的请求view函数中,添加:
session.permanent = True # session及时更新,备注:redis模式则默认为True,不需要修改

另外,session的有效时长配置:

settings文件中:
from datetime import timedelta
PERMANENT_SESSION_LIFETIME = timedelta(hours=1)# session超时时间

二.wtforms

WTForms是一个支持多个web框架的form组件,主要用于对用户请求数据进行验证

pip install wtforms
2.1 用户登录注册示例
2.1.1. 用户登录

当用户登录时候,需要对用户提交的用户名和密码进行多种格式校验。如:
用户不能为空;用户长度必须大于6;
密码不能为空;密码长度必须大于12;密码必须包含 字母、数字、特殊字符等(自定义正则);
在flask-view文件中:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect
from wtforms import Form
from wtforms.fields import core
from wtforms.fields import html5
from wtforms.fields import simple
from wtforms import validators
from wtforms import widgets

app = Flask(__name__, template_folder='templates')
app.debug = True


class LoginForm(Form):
    name = simple.StringField(
        label='用户名',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='用户名不能为空.'),
            validators.Length(min=6, max=18, message='用户名长度必须大于%(min)d且小于%(max)d')
        ],
        widget=widgets.TextInput(),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
    )

    pwd = simple.PasswordField(
        label='密码',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='密码不能为空.'),
            validators.Length(min=8, message='用户名长度必须大于%(min)d'),
            validators.Regexp(regex="^(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*\d)(?=.*[$@$!%*?&])[A-Za-z\d$@$!%*?&]{8,}",
                              message='密码至少8个字符,至少1个大写字母,1个小写字母,1个数字和1个特殊字符')

        ],
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
    )


@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        form = LoginForm()
        return render_template('login.html', form=form)
    else:
        form = LoginForm(formdata=request.form)
        if form.validate():
            print('用户提交数据通过格式验证,提交的值为:', form.data)
        else:
            print(form.errors)
        return render_template('login.html', form=form)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

在login.html文件中:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录</h1>
<form method="post">
    <!--<input type="text" name="name">-->
    <p>{{form.name.label}} {{form.name}} {{form.name.errors[0] }}</p>

    <!--<input type="password" name="pwd">-->
    <p>{{form.pwd.label}} {{form.pwd}} {{form.pwd.errors[0] }}</p>
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>

login.html
2.1.2. 用户注册

注册页面需要让用户输入:用户名、密码、密码重复、性别、爱好等。

在flask-view文件中:

from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect
from wtforms import Form
from wtforms.fields import core
from wtforms.fields import html5
from wtforms.fields import simple
from wtforms import validators
from wtforms import widgets

app = Flask(__name__, template_folder='templates')
app.debug = True



class RegisterForm(Form):
    name = simple.StringField(
        label='用户名',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired()
        ],
        widget=widgets.TextInput(),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'},
        default='alex'
    )

    pwd = simple.PasswordField(
        label='密码',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='密码不能为空.')
        ],
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
    )

    pwd_confirm = simple.PasswordField(
        label='重复密码',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='重复密码不能为空.'),
            validators.EqualTo('pwd', message="两次密码输入不一致")
        ],
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
    )

    email = html5.EmailField(
        label='邮箱',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='邮箱不能为空.'),
            validators.Email(message='邮箱格式错误')
        ],
        widget=widgets.TextInput(input_type='email'),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
    )

    gender = core.RadioField(
        label='性别',
        choices=(
            (1, '男'),
            (2, '女'),
        ),
        coerce=int
    )
    city = core.SelectField(
        label='城市',
        choices=(
            ('bj', '北京'),
            ('sh', '上海'),
        )
    )

    hobby = core.SelectMultipleField(
        label='爱好',
        choices=(
            (1, '篮球'),
            (2, '足球'),
        ),
        coerce=int
    )

    favor = core.SelectMultipleField(
        label='喜好',
        choices=(
            (1, '篮球'),
            (2, '足球'),
        ),
        widget=widgets.ListWidget(prefix_label=False),
        option_widget=widgets.CheckboxInput(),
        coerce=int,
        default=[1, 2]
    )

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(RegisterForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.favor.choices = ((1, '篮球'), (2, '足球'), (3, '羽毛球'))

    def validate_pwd_confirm(self, field):
        """
        自定义pwd_confirm字段规则,例:与pwd字段是否一致
        :param field: 
        :return: 
        """
        # 最开始初始化时,self.data中已经有所有的值

        if field.data != self.data['pwd']:
            # raise validators.ValidationError("密码不一致") # 继续后续验证
            raise validators.StopValidation("密码不一致")  # 不再继续后续验证


@app.route('/register', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def register():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        form = RegisterForm(data={'gender': 1})
        return render_template('register.html', form=form)
    else:
        form = RegisterForm(formdata=request.form)
        if form.validate():
            print('用户提交数据通过格式验证,提交的值为:', form.data)
        else:
            print(form.errors)
        return render_template('register.html', form=form)



if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

在register.html文件中:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>用户注册</h1>
<form method="post" novalidate style="padding:0  50px">
    {% for item in form %}
    <p>{{item.label}}: {{item}} {{item.errors[0] }}</p>
    {% endfor %}
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>

访问:https://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/8202357.html

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