在 .NET 平台使用 ReflectionDynamicObject 优化反射调用代码

基于封装的原则,API 的设计者会将部分成员(属性、字段、方法等)隐藏以保证健壮性。但总有需要直接访问这些私有成员的情况。

为了访问一个类型的私有成员,除了更改 API 设计还有就是使用反射技术:

public class MyApi
{
	public MyApi()
	{
		_createdAt = DateTime.Now;
	}
	private DateTime _createdAt;
	public int ShowTimes { get; private set; }
	public void ShowCreateTime()
	{
		Console.WriteLine(_createdAt);
		ShowTimes++;
	}
}

void Main()
{
	var api = new MyApi();
	var field = api.GetType().GetField("_createdAt", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance);
	var value = field.GetValue(api);
	Console.WriteLine(value);
}

这种写法并不优雅:

  1. 代码冗长,编写麻烦。
  2. 实现比较绕,不太直观。

笔者基于“动态类型技术”探索出了一种相对来说比较优雅的方案用于美化上述代码,并为其命名为 ReflectionDynamicObject :

void Main()
{
    var api = new MyApi();
    dynamic wrapper = ReflectionDynamicObject.Wrap(api);
    Console.WriteLine(wrapper._createdAt);
}

除了支持获取值,ReflectionDynamicObject 还支持赋值:

void Main()
{
    var api = new MyApi();
    dynamic wrapper = ReflectionDynamicObject.Wrap(api);
    wrapper._createdAt = new DateTime(2022, 2, 2, 22, 22, 22);
    api.ShowCreateTime();
}

除了字段,当然也支持对属性的操作:

void Main()
{
    var api = new MyApi();
    dynamic wrapper = ReflectionDynamicObject.Wrap(api);
    wrapper.ShowTimes = 100;
    Console.WriteLine(wraper.ShowTimes);
}

在对属性的支持上,ReflectionDynamicObject 使用了“快速反射”技术,将取值和复制操作生成了委托以优化性能。

ReflectionDynamicObject 的实现原理

ReflectionDynamicObject 派生自 DynamicObject ,其内部通过反射技术获取到所有的属性和字段并对其 getter 和 setter 方法进行存储并通过 TryGetMember 和 TrySetMember 方法经运行时调用。

ReflectionDynamicObject 的源代码

public sealed class ReflectionDynamicObject : DynamicObject
{
    private readonly object _instance;
    private readonly Accessor _accessor;
    private ReflectionDynamicObject(object instance)
    {
        _instance = instance ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(instance));
        _accessor = GetAccessor(instance.GetType());
    }
    public static ReflectionDynamicObject Wrap(Object value)
    {
        if (value == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value));
        return new ReflectionDynamicObject(value);
    }

    public override bool TryGetMember(GetMemberBinder binder, out object result)
    {
        if (_accessor.TryFindGetter(binder.Name, out var getter))
        {
            result = getter.Get(_instance);
            return true;
        }
        return base.TryGetMember(binder, out result);
    }

    public override bool TrySetMember(SetMemberBinder binder, object value)
    {
        if (_accessor.TryFindSetter(binder.Name, out var setter))
        {
            setter.Set(_instance, value);
            return true;
        }
        return base.TrySetMember(binder, value);
    }

    #region 快速反射
    private interface IGetter
    {
        object Get(object instance);
    }
    private interface ISetter
    {
        void Set(object instance, object value);
    }

    private class Getter : IGetter
    {
        private FieldInfo _field;
        public Getter(FieldInfo field)
        {
            _field = field ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(field));
        }
        public object Get(object instance)
        {
            return _field.GetValue(instance);
        }
    }

    private class Setter : ISetter
    {
        private FieldInfo _field;
        public Setter(FieldInfo field)
        {
            _field = field ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(field));
        }
        public void Set(object instance, object value)
        {
            _field.SetValue(instance, value);
        }
    }

    private class Getter<T1, T2> : IGetter
    {
        private readonly Func<T1, T2> _getter;
        public Getter(Func<T1, T2> getter)
        {
            _getter = getter ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(getter));
        }
        public object Get(object instance)
        {
            return _getter((T1)instance);
        }
    }

    private class Setter<T1, T2> : ISetter
    {
        private readonly Action<T1, T2> _setter;
        public Setter(Action<T1, T2> setter)
        {
            this._setter = setter ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(setter));
        }
        public void Set(object instance, object value)
        {
            this._setter.Invoke((T1)instance, (T2)value);
        }
    }

    private class Accessor
    {
        public Accessor(Type type)
        {
            this._type = type ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_type));
            var getter = new SortedDictionary<string, IGetter>();
            var setter = new SortedDictionary<string, ISetter>();

            var fields = _type.GetFields(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic);

            foreach (var field in fields)
            {
                getter[field.Name] = new Getter(field);
                setter[field.Name] = new Setter(field);
            }

            var props = _type.GetProperties(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic);

            foreach (var item in props)
            {
                if (item.CanRead)
                {
                    var method = item.GetMethod;
                    var funcType = typeof(Func<,>).MakeGenericType(item.DeclaringType, item.PropertyType);
                    var func = method.CreateDelegate(funcType);
                    var getterType = typeof(Getter<,>).MakeGenericType(item.DeclaringType, item.PropertyType);
                    var get = (IGetter)Activator.CreateInstance(getterType, func);
                    getter[item.Name] = get;
                }
                if (item.CanWrite)
                {
                    var method = item.SetMethod;
                    var actType = typeof(Action<,>).MakeGenericType(item.DeclaringType, item.PropertyType);
                    var act = method.CreateDelegate(actType);
                    var setterType = typeof(Setter<,>).MakeGenericType(item.DeclaringType, item.PropertyType);
                    var set = (ISetter)Activator.CreateInstance(setterType, act);
                    setter[item.Name] = set;
                }
            }

            _getters = getter;
            _setters = setter;
        }
        private readonly Type _type;
        private readonly IReadOnlyDictionary<string, IGetter> _getters;
        private readonly IReadOnlyDictionary<string, ISetter> _setters;

        public bool TryFindGetter(string name, out IGetter getter) => _getters.TryGetValue(name, out getter);
        public bool TryFindSetter(string name, out ISetter setter) => _setters.TryGetValue(name, out setter);
    }
    private static Dictionary<Type, Accessor> _accessors = new Dictionary<Type, Accessor>();
    private static object _accessorsLock = new object();
    private static Accessor GetAccessor(Type type)
    {
        if (_accessors.TryGetValue(type, out var accessor)) return accessor;
        lock (_accessorsLock)
        {
            if (_accessors.TryGetValue(type, out accessor)) return accessor;
            accessor = new Accessor(type);
            var temp = new Dictionary<Type, Accessor>(_accessors);
            temp[type] = new Accessor(type);
            _accessors = temp;
            return accessor;
        }
    }
    #endregion
}

ReflectionDynamicObject 的局限性

基于复杂度的考虑,ReflectionDynamicObject 并未添加对“方法”的支持。这也就意味着对方法的调用是缺失的。虽然动态行为让程序摆脱了对字符串的依赖,但是该实现对“重构”的支持仍然不友好。

哪里用到了 ReflectionDynamicObject ?

Liquid 主题引擎 是笔者根据 Liquid 语言和 Shopify 主题机制并采用 Fluid 模板引擎实现的一套 HTML 主题引擎。该引擎允许最终用户*的修改自己的主题模板而不会对宿主造成影响。最终目标是做到多语言、多主题、高扩展性以及所见即所得。

在编写 Liquid 主题引擎 时,笔者需要重写 Fluid 模板引擎的 render 标签让子视图从 snippets 文件夹加载。在实现该标签时,需要访问 TemplateContext 的 LocalScope 和 RootScope 字段,不幸的是上述字段被标记为了 internal ,无法在外部程序集中访问到。于是便有了 ReflectionDynamicObject ,帮助笔者完成对 LocalScope 和 RootScope 的访问。

参考链接

Liquid 模板语言: https://www.coderbusy.com/liquid

Fluid 模板引擎:https://github.com/sebastienros/fluid

Liquid 主题引擎:https://gitee.com/zyingnet_kf/liquid-theme-engine

上一篇:杂项_Linux2


下一篇:【秒懂音视频开发】24_H.264编码实战