首先,对不起,如果这是一个很长的帖子,我正在尝试收集所有信息(我记得),其他论坛上的人似乎发现重要.
其次,如果这篇文章的答案恰好是“明显的”,我很抱歉,但为了简单起见我绝对不知道我在做什么,这是我第一次尝试这样做.
我正在尝试发送带有PHP邮件的邮件(),但是每次我在家里都这样做就会失败,即使它在我的学校工作得很好(我在学校和家里使用PHP7,所以我猜它来自我家的服务器配置).
我已经尝试了很多教程要求更新这个文件和其他文件,其中没有一个似乎对结果产生任何积极的影响,所以这就是我到目前为止所做的：
sudo apt-get install postfix
然后我在postfix配置期间选择了“internet site”和“localhost”.
我打开/etc/postfix/main.cf并更改了以下两个变量的值,因为一些教程和论坛答案建议：
inet_interfaces = loopback-only
inet_protocols = ipv4
如果有任何帮助,我会发布master.cf和main.cf.
我改变了/ etc / hosts并添加了以下行
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain facorreg
这是完整的/ etc / hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 facorreg
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain facorreg
# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
我将以下行添加到sendmail.mc(我将通过以下完整文件)：
DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Port=smtp,Addr=0.0.0.0, Name=MTA')
最后,我改变了php.ini
sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i
当我尝试将邮件发送到雅虎地址时,这是/var/log/mail.log告诉我的内容：
Nov 17 16:42:13 localhost postfix/pickup[6223]: C5925E20D41: uid=33 from=<www-data>
Nov 17 16:42:13 localhost postfix/cleanup[8491]: C5925E20D41: message-id=<20171117154213.C5925E20D41@facorreg.home>
Nov 17 16:42:13 localhost postfix/qmgr[6224]: C5925E20D41: from=<www-data@facorreg.home>, size=637, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Nov 17 16:42:14 localhost postfix/smtp[8493]: connect to mta6.am0.yahoodns.net[74.6.137.65]:25: No route to host
Nov 17 16:42:14 localhost postfix/smtp[8493]: connect to mta5.am0.yahoodns.net[63.250.192.46]:25: No route to host
Nov 17 16:42:14 localhost postfix/smtp[8493]: connect to mta5.am0.yahoodns.net[66.218.85.139]:25: No route to host
Nov 17 16:42:14 localhost postfix/smtp[8493]: connect to mta7.am0.yahoodns.net[98.136.216.25]:25: No route to host
Nov 17 16:42:14 localhost postfix/smtp[8493]: connect to mta7.am0.yahoodns.net[98.138.112.33]:25: No route to host
Nov 17 16:42:14 localhost postfix/smtp[8493]: C5925E20D41: to=<facorreg@yahoo.com>, relay=none, delay=0.64, delays=0.25/0.09/0.29/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (connect to mta7.am0.yahoodns.net[98.138.112.33]:25: No route to host)
这就是它.
以下是一些补充信息,我不知道它们是否有用：
main.cf：
# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version
# Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first
# line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default
# is /etc/mailname.
#myorigin = /etc/mailname
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu)
biff = no
# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no
# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
#delay_warning_time = 4h
readme_directory = no
# TLS parameters
smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
smtpd_use_tls=yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
# See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for
# information on enabling SSL in the smtp client.
smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated defer_unauth_destination
myhostname = facorreg.home
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost, facorreg, localhost.localdomain, localhost
relayhost =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = loopback-only
inet_protocols = ipv4
master.cf：
#
# Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master" or
# on-line: http://www.postfix.org/master.5.html).
#
# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args
# (yes) (yes) (no) (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp inet n - y - - smtpd
#smtp inet n - y - 1 postscreen
#smtpd pass - - y - - smtpd
#dnsblog unix - - y - 0 dnsblog
#tlsproxy unix - - y - 0 tlsproxy
#submission inet n - y - - smtpd
# -o syslog_name=postfix/submission
# -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
# -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#smtps inet n - y - - smtpd
# -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
# -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
# -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#628 inet n - y - - qmqpd
pickup unix n - y 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - y - 0 cleanup
qmgr unix n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr unix n - n 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - y 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - y - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - y - 0 bounce
defer unix - - y - 0 bounce
trace unix - - y - 0 bounce
verify unix - - y - 1 verify
flush unix n - y 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - y - - smtp
relay unix - - y - - smtp
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - y - - showq
error unix - - y - - error
retry unix - - y - - error
discard unix - - y - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - y - - lmtp
anvil unix - - y - 1 anvil
scache unix - - y - 1 scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
# lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
# mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
# virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman unix - n n - - pipe
flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
${nexthop} ${user}
sendmail.mc
divert(-1)dnl
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# $Sendmail: debproto.mc,v 8.15.2 2015-12-10 18:02:49 cowboy Exp $
#
# Copyright (c) 1998-2010 Richard Nelson. All Rights Reserved.
#
# cf/debian/sendmail.mc. Generated from sendmail.mc.in by configure.
#
# sendmail.mc prototype config file for building Sendmail 8.15.2
#
# Note: the .in file supports 8.7.6 - 9.0.0, but the generated
# file is customized to the version noted above.
#
# This file is used to configure Sendmail for use with Debian systems.
#
# If you modify this file, you will have to regenerate /etc/mail/sendmail.cf
# by running this file through the m4 preprocessor via one of the following:
# * make (or make -C /etc/mail)
# * sendmailconfig
# * m4 /etc/mail/sendmail.mc > /etc/mail/sendmail.cf
# The first two options are preferred as they will also update other files
# that depend upon the contents of this file.
#
# The best documentation for this .mc file is:
# /usr/share/doc/sendmail-doc/cf.README.gz
#
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
divert(0)dnl
#
# Copyright (c) 1998-2005 Richard Nelson. All Rights Reserved.
#
# This file is used to configure Sendmail for use with Debian systems.
#
define(`_USE_ETC_MAIL_')dnl
include(`/usr/share/sendmail/cf/m4/cf.m4')dnl
VERSIONID(`$Id: sendmail.mc, v 8.15.2-3 2015-12-10 18:02:49 cowboy Exp $')
OSTYPE(`debian')dnl
DOMAIN(`debian-mta')dnl
dnl # Items controlled by /etc/mail/sendmail.conf - DO NOT TOUCH HERE
undefine(`confHOST_STATUS_DIRECTORY')dnl #DAEMON_HOSTSTATS=
dnl # Items controlled by /etc/mail/sendmail.conf - DO NOT TOUCH HERE
dnl #
dnl # General defines
dnl #
dnl # SAFE_FILE_ENV: [undefined] If set, sendmail will do a chroot()
dnl # into this directory before writing files.
dnl # If *all* your user accounts are under /home then use that
dnl # instead - it will prevent any writes outside of /home !
dnl # define(`confSAFE_FILE_ENV', `')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Daemon options - restrict to servicing LOCALHOST ONLY !!!
dnl # Remove `, Addr=' clauses to receive from any interface
dnl # If you want to support IPv6, switch the commented/uncommentd lines
dnl #
FEATURE(`no_default_msa')dnl
dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Family=inet6, Name=MTA-v6, Port=smtp, Addr=::1')dnl
DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Family=inet, Name=MTA-v4, Port=smtp, Addr=127.0.0.1')dnl
dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Family=inet6, Name=MSP-v6, Port=submission, M=Ea, Addr=::1')dnl
DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Family=inet, Name=MSP-v4, Port=submission, M=Ea, Addr=127.0.0.1')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Be somewhat anal in what we allow
define(`confPRIVACY_FLAGS',dnl
`needmailhelo,needexpnhelo,needvrfyhelo,restrictqrun,restrictexpand,nobodyreturn,authwarnings')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Define connection throttling and window length
define(`confCONNECTION_RATE_THROTTLE', `15')dnl
define(`confCONNECTION_RATE_WINDOW_SIZE',`10m')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Features
dnl #
dnl # use /etc/mail/local-host-names
FEATURE(`use_cw_file')dnl
dnl #
dnl # The access db is the basis for most of sendmail's checking
FEATURE(`access_db', , `skip')dnl
dnl #
dnl # The greet_pause feature stops some automail bots - but check the
dnl # provided access db for details on excluding localhosts...
FEATURE(`greet_pause', `1000')dnl 1 seconds
dnl #
dnl # Delay_checks allows sender<->recipient checking
FEATURE(`delay_checks', `friend', `n')dnl
dnl #
dnl # If we get too many bad recipients, slow things down...
define(`confBAD_RCPT_THROTTLE',`3')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Stop connections that overflow our concurrent and time connection rates
FEATURE(`conncontrol', `nodelay', `terminate')dnl
FEATURE(`ratecontrol', `nodelay', `terminate')dnl
dnl #
dnl # If you're on a dialup link, you should enable this - so sendmail
dnl # will not bring up the link (it will queue mail for later)
dnl define(`confCON_EXPENSIVE',`True')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Dialup/LAN connection overrides
dnl #
include(`/etc/mail/m4/dialup.m4')dnl
include(`/etc/mail/m4/provider.m4')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Default Mailer setup
MAILER_DEFINITIONS
MAILER(`local')dnl
MAILER(`smtp')dnl
include(`/etc/mail/tls/starttls.m4')dnl
DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Port=smtp,Addr=0.0.0.0, Name=MTA')
另外：
ifconfig
netstat -rn
收益：
enp0s25 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 68:f7:28:9f:88:9a
UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
Interrupt:20 Memory:e1300000-e1320000
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:40037 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:40037 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:3357002 (3.3 MB) TX bytes:3357002 (3.3 MB)
wlp4s0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr f4:06:69:69:fd:7f
inet addr:192.168.1.37 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::f089:fdf:b8be:3fe4/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:54313 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:40329 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:52589300 (52.5 MB) TX bytes:6690660 (6.6 MB)
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 wlp4s0
192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 wlp4s0
和
telnet mta6.am0.yahoodns.net 25
回报
Trying 63.250.192.46...
Trying 98.138.112.35...
Trying 98.136.216.26...
Trying 74.6.137.65...
Trying 63.250.192.45...
Trying 66.218.85.139...
Trying 66.218.85.52...
Trying 74.6.137.63...
telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: No route to host
最后(从我尝试发送邮件到谷歌帐户时)
telnet alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com 25
收益：
Trying 74.125.28.26...
Trying 2607:f8b0:400e:c04::1a...
telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Network is unreachable
在此先感谢您的帮助.
解决方法:
虽然我可能通过尝试解决我的问题搞砸了一些设置,但是除了我所在的地方之外,php邮件恰好在任何其他工作环境中正常工作.通过一些研究,我发现有些人遇到了我曾经(并且仍然有)的相同问题,他们被告知这些问题可能来自互联网提供商(Orange fr).
我不知道它是否有意义,但就我而言,经验证据似乎指明了这一点.
我现在将这个问题作为回答.