一、准备工作
ubuntu系统安装完后，先替换软件源为国内的源并更新，不然软件更新下载速度极为感人：
【1】备份原文件
cd /etc/apt
sudo mv sources.list sources.list.bak【2】编辑修改文件
vi sources.list将原来的默认的源地址替换为阿里源
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse
【3】软件更新
sudo apt update //更新数据
sudo apt upgrade //更新软件
二、安装常用软件
【1】安装Vim文本编辑器(比较习惯用Vim）
sudo apt install vim -y
【2】SSH
Ubuntu安装并开启ssh服务及允许root账号登录
//安装ssh服务器端:Ubuntu默认没有安装ssh的server，需要安装
apt-get install openssh-server
//ssh客户端是默认安装的，连接其它ssh服务器用的，使用 apt install openssh-client安装
//允许远程使用root账号ssh连接本机:修改/etc/ssh/sshd_config文件
vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
//修改如下：允许root账户登录
#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password
PermitRootLogin yes
//需要重启系统或者sshd服务
sudo /etc/init.d/ssh stop
sudo /etc/init.d/ssh start
sudo service ssh restart
//安装ssh服务后，系统默认开启系统sshd，查看sshd状态如果不是默认启动，修改服务为enable
sudo systemctl enable ssh
此时就可以使用基于SSH协议的WinSCP软件登陆并进行文件交换，个人觉得比FTP或者share共享目录的方式更简便。
【3】Petalinux
Petalinux安装前先安装依赖库
sudo apt-get install tofrodos iproute2 gawk gcc g++ git make net-tools libncurses5-dev tftpd zlib1g:i386 libssl-dev flex bison libselinux1 gnupg wget diffstat chrpath socat xterm autoconf libtool tar unzip texinfo zlib1g-dev gcc-multilib build-essential libsdl1.2-dev libglib2.0-dev screen pax gzip automake