简介
所谓WebSocket, 类似于Socket,它的作用是可以让Web应用中的客户端和服务端建立全双工通信。在基于Spring的应用中使用WebSocket一般可以有以下三种方式:
- 使用Java提供的@ServerEndpoint注解实现
- 使用Spring提供的低层级WebSocket API实现
- 使用STOMP消息实现
下面,我将对这三种实现方式做一个简单介绍,此外有关WebSocket性质的更多介绍可以参考以下这篇文章:WebSocket探秘
注:本篇文章的完整源码可以参考:https://github.com/zifangsky/WebSocketDemo
使用Java提供的@ServerEndpoint注解实现
(1)使用@ServerEndpoint注解监听一个WebSocket请求路径:
这里监听了客户端的连接端口/reverse
,并定义了如何处理客户端发来的消息
package cn.zifangsky.samplewebsocket.websocket;
import javax.websocket.OnMessage;
import javax.websocket.Session;
import javax.websocket.server.ServerEndpoint;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* ReverseWebSocketEndpoint
*
* @author zifangsky
* @date 2018/9/30
* @since 1.0.0
*/
@ServerEndpoint("/reverse")
public class ReverseWebSocketEndpoint {
@OnMessage
public void handleMessage(Session session, String message) throws IOException {
session.getBasicRemote().sendText("Reversed: " + new StringBuilder(message).reverse());
}
}
(2)WebSocket相关配置:
package cn.zifangsky.samplewebsocket.config;
import cn.zifangsky.samplewebsocket.websocket.ReverseWebSocketEndpoint;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.EnableWebSocket;
import org.springframework.web.socket.server.standard.ServerEndpointExporter;
/**
* WebSocket相关配置
*
* @author zifangsky
* @date 2018/9/30
* @since 1.0.0
*/
@Configuration
@EnableWebSocket
public class WebSocketConfig{
@Bean
public ReverseWebSocketEndpoint reverseWebSocketEndpoint() {
return new ReverseWebSocketEndpoint();
}
@Bean
public ServerEndpointExporter serverEndpointExporter() {
return new ServerEndpointExporter();
}
}
(3)示例页面:
略
使用Spring提供的低层级WebSocket API实现
Spring 4.0为WebSocket通信提供了支持,包括:
-
发送和接收消息的低层级API;
-
发送和接收消息的高级API;
-
用来发送消息的模板;
-
支持SockJS,用来解决浏览器端、服务器以及代理不支持WebSocket的问题。
使用Spring提供的低层级API实现WebSocket,主要需要以下几个步骤:
(1)添加一个WebSocketHandler:
定义一个继承了AbstractWebSocketHandler
类的消息处理类,然后自定义对”建立连接“、”接收/发送消息“、”异常情况“等情况进行处理
package cn.zifangsky.samplewebsocket.websocket;
import cn.zifangsky.samplewebsocket.service.EchoService;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.web.socket.CloseStatus;
import org.springframework.web.socket.TextMessage;
import org.springframework.web.socket.WebSocketSession;
import org.springframework.web.socket.handler.TextWebSocketHandler;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
/**
* 通过继承 {@link org.springframework.web.socket.handler.AbstractWebSocketHandler} 的示例
*
* @author zifangsky
* @date 2018/10/9
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public class EchoWebSocketHandler extends TextWebSocketHandler{
private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
@Resource(name = "echoServiceImpl")
private EchoService echoService;
@Override
public void afterConnectionEstablished(WebSocketSession session) throws Exception {
logger.debug("Opened new session in instance " + this);
}
@Override
protected void handleTextMessage(WebSocketSession session, TextMessage message) throws Exception {
//组装返回的Echo信息
String echoMessage = this.echoService.echo(message.getPayload());
logger.debug(MessageFormat.format("Echo message \"{0}\"", echoMessage));
session.sendMessage(new TextMessage(echoMessage));
}
@Override
public void handleTransportError(WebSocketSession session, Throwable exception) throws Exception {
session.close(CloseStatus.SERVER_ERROR);
logger.debug("Info: WebSocket connection closed.");
}
}
(2)WebSocket相关配置:
package cn.zifangsky.samplewebsocket.config;
import cn.zifangsky.samplewebsocket.websocket.EchoWebSocketHandler;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.socket.WebSocketHandler;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.EnableWebSocket;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.WebSocketConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.WebSocketHandlerRegistry;
/**
* WebSocket相关配置
*
* @author zifangsky
* @date 2018/9/30
* @since 1.0.0
*/
@Configuration
@EnableWebSocket
public class WebSocketConfig implements WebSocketConfigurer{
@Override
public void registerWebSocketHandlers(WebSocketHandlerRegistry registry) {
registry.addHandler(echoWebSocketHandler(), "/echoMessage");
registry.addHandler(echoWebSocketHandler(), "/echoMessage_SockJS").withSockJS();
}
/**
* 通过继承 {@link org.springframework.web.socket.handler.AbstractWebSocketHandler} 的示例
*/
@Bean
public WebSocketHandler echoWebSocketHandler(){
return new EchoWebSocketHandler();
}
}
(3)两个示例页面:略
从上面代码可以看出,这里除了配置了基本的WebSocket
(也就是/echoMessage这个连接地址),还使用SockJS
配置了浏览器不支持WebSocket
技术时的替代方案(也就是/echoMessage_SockJS这个连接地址)。
使用STOMP消息实现
所谓STOMP(Simple Text Oriented Messaging Protocol),就是在WebSocket基础之上提供了一个基于帧的线路格式(frame-based wire format)层。它对发送简单文本消息定义了一套规范格式(STOMP消息基于Text,当然也支持传输二进制数据),目前很多服务端消息队列都已经支持STOMP,比如:RabbitMQ、 ActiveMQ等。
(1)WebSocket相关配置:
package cn.zifangsky.stompwebsocket.config;
import cn.zifangsky.stompwebsocket.interceptor.websocket.MyChannelInterceptor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.messaging.simp.config.ChannelRegistration;
import org.springframework.messaging.simp.config.MessageBrokerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.EnableWebSocketMessageBroker;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.StompEndpointRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.WebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer;
/**
* WebSocket相关配置
*
* @author zifangsky
* @date 2018/9/30
* @since 1.0.0
*/
@Configuration
@EnableWebSocketMessageBroker
public class WebSocketConfig implements WebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer{
@Autowired
private MyChannelInterceptor myChannelInterceptor;
@Override
public void registerStompEndpoints(StompEndpointRegistry registry) {
registry.addEndpoint("/stomp-websocket").withSockJS();
}
@Override
public void configureMessageBroker(MessageBrokerRegistry registry) {
//客户端需要把消息发送到/message/xxx地址
registry.setApplicationDestinationPrefixes("/message");
//服务端广播消息的路径前缀,客户端需要相应订阅/topic/yyy这个地址的消息
registry.enableSimpleBroker("/topic");
}
@Override
public void configureClientInboundChannel(ChannelRegistration registration) {
registration.interceptors(myChannelInterceptor);
}
}
从上面代码可以看出,这里设置了好几个地址,简单解释如下:
-
首先注册了一个名为/stomp-websocket的端点,也就是STOMP客户端连接的地址。
-
此外,定义了服务端处理WebSocket消息的前缀是/message,这个地址用于客户端向服务端发送消息(比如客户端向/message/hello这个地址发送消息,那么服务端通过@MessageMapping(“/hello”)这个注解来接收并处理消息)
-
最后,定义了一个简单消息代理,也就是服务端广播消息的路径前缀(比如客户端监听/topic/greeting这个地址,那么服务端就可以通过@SendTo(“/topic/greeting”)这个注解向客户端发送STOMP消息)。
需要注意的是,上面代码中还添加了一个名为MyChannelInterceptor的拦截器,目的是为了在客户端断开连接后打印一下日志。相关代码如下:
package cn.zifangsky.stompwebsocket.interceptor.websocket;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
import org.springframework.messaging.MessageChannel;
import org.springframework.messaging.simp.stomp.StompCommand;
import org.springframework.messaging.simp.stomp.StompHeaderAccessor;
import org.springframework.messaging.support.ChannelInterceptor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.security.Principal;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
/**
* 自定义{@link org.springframework.messaging.support.ChannelInterceptor},实现断开连接的处理
*
* @author zifangsky
* @date 2018/10/10
* @since 1.0.0
*/
@Component
public class MyChannelInterceptor implements ChannelInterceptor{
private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
@Override
public void afterSendCompletion(Message<?> message, MessageChannel channel, boolean sent, Exception ex) {
StompHeaderAccessor accessor = StompHeaderAccessor.wrap(message);
StompCommand command = accessor.getCommand();
//用户已经断开连接
if(StompCommand.DISCONNECT.equals(command)){
String user = "";
Principal principal = accessor.getUser();
if(principal != null && StringUtils.isNoneBlank(principal.getName())){
user = principal.getName();
}else{
user = accessor.getSessionId();
}
logger.debug(MessageFormat.format("用户{0}的WebSocket连接已经断开", user));
}
}
}
(2)使用@MessageMapping和@SendTo注解处理消息:
@MessageMapping
注解用于监听指定路径的客户端消息,而@SendTo
注解则用于将服务端的消息发送给监听了该路径的客户端。
package cn.zifangsky.stompwebsocket.controller;
import cn.zifangsky.stompwebsocket.model.websocket.Greeting;
import cn.zifangsky.stompwebsocket.model.websocket.HelloMessage;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.MessageMapping;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.SendTo;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
/**
* Greeting
* @author zifangsky
* @date 2018/9/30
* @since 1.0.0
*/
@Controller
public class GreetingController {
@MessageMapping("/hello")
@SendTo("/topic/greeting")
public HelloMessage greeting(Greeting greeting) {
return new HelloMessage("Hello," + greeting.getName() + "!");
}
}
(3)示例页面:略