为了提高数据库读写性能，读写分离的思想被提了出来。数据库被分成主数据库和从数据库，主数据库负责写，从数据库负责读。

拿Mysql来说，Mysql5.7版本自带了主从同步功能。比如需要将Mysql文件夹再多复制一份 

mysql_1是主，mysql_2是从。

修改mysql_1的my.ini配置文件。

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]
# 同台主机下多个mysql要修改成不同的端口
port=13306

basedir=D:/Users/dagger/IdeaProjects/software/mysqllist/mysql_1
datadir=D:/Users/dagger/IdeaProjects/software/mysqllist/mysql_1/data

character-set-server=utf8

default-storage-engine=InnoDB

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

# 修改server_id，确保每个mysql实例的server_id不一样
server_id=13306

log-bin=mysql-bin

# 要同步的数据库
binlog-do-db=test_0
binlog-do-db=test_1

# 不要同步的数据库
binlog-ignore-db=information_schema
binlog-ignore-db=performance_schema
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog-ignore-db=sys

[client]
port=13306
default-character-set=utf8

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 修改mysql_2的my.ini配置文件 

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]
# 记得修改这个端口，避免端口冲突
port=13307

basedir=D:/Users/dagger/IdeaProjects/software/mysqllist/mysql_2
datadir=D:/Users/dagger/IdeaProjects/software/mysqllist/mysql_2/data

character-set-server=utf8

default-storage-engine=InnoDB

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

# server_id也不能重复
server_id=13307

# 二进制日志备份
log-bin=mysql-bin

# 要同步的表
replicate_wild_do_table=test_0.%
replicate_wild_do_table=test_1.%

# 不要同步的表，从节点不同步的数据库
replicate_wild_ignore_table=information_schema.%
replicate_wild_ignore_table=performance_schema.%
replicate_wild_ignore_table=mysql.%
replicate_wild_ignore_table=sys.%

[client]
port=13307
default-character-set=utf8

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