Django视图之ORM更改数据库连接——配置MySQL库

2022-11-02 19:37:46

Django中创建app01应用

python manage.py startapp app01

1. 首先安装pymsql模块

# Python3中

pip3 install pymysql

在 python2 中，使用 pip install mysql-python 进行安装连接MySQL的库，使用时 import MySQLdb 进行使用

在 python3 中，改变了连接库，改为了 pymysql 库，使用pip install pymysql 进行安装，直接导入即可使用

但是在 Django 中，连接数据库时使用的是 MySQLdb 库，这在与 python3 的合作中就会报以下错误了

django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module: No module named 'MySQLdb'

解决方法：在 settins.py配置文件相同目录下__init__.py 文件中添加以下代码即可

import pymysql

pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

2 启动Django项目

python manage.py runserver 8000

默认不写IP地址为127.0.0.1　　

3 配置setting连接MySQL

a. INSTALLED_APPS中添加app01应用

INSTALLED_APPS = [

    'django.contrib.admin',

    'django.contrib.auth',

    'django.contrib.contenttypes',

    'django.contrib.sessions',

    'django.contrib.messages',

    'django.contrib.staticfiles',

    'app01'

]

b.　注销掉DATABASES中sqlit3数据库的配置

DATABASES = {

    'default': {

        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',

        'NAME': 'blog',

        'USER': 'root',

        'PASSWORD': '123.com',

        'HOST': '10.0.0.10',

        'PORT': '3306',

    }

}

c. 在MySQL数据库中创建blog库

MariaDB [(none)]> create database blog;

4 初始化数据库

python manage.py makemigrations app01

python manage.py migrate

5 在models中创建Book类

from django.db import models

class UserType(models.Model):

    '''

    用户类型

    '''

    title = models.CharField(max_length=12)

class UserInfo(models.Model):

    '''

    用户表

    '''

    name = models.CharField(max_length=16)

    age = models.IntegerField()

    ut = models.ForeignKey('UserType')

class Book(models.Model):

    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)

    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    author = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    publishDate = models.DateField()    #日期类型

price = models.DecimalField( max_digits=5,decimal_places=2)

说明：

max_digits：最大多少个数字

decimal_places：小数点保留几位

6 urls配置地址映射

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^index/', views.index),

    url(r'^del/', views.delBook),

    url(r'^edit/', views.editBook),

    url(r'^add/', views.addBook),

]

7 需求功能实现

要求：

1.	当用户访问index的数据，展示所有书籍信息(书名，作者，发布日期，价格)；

2.	主页index有添加，编辑及删除的功能，当点击相应的图标要实现相应的功能；

扩展：

在主页index页面中添加一个模态对话框添加书籍信息

8 主页index展示

模态框

9 views删除函数

def delBook(request):

    nid=request.GET.get('nid')

    models.Book.objects.filter(nid=nid).delete()

    return redirect('/index/')

10 views编辑函数

a views文件编写

def editBook(request):

    if request.method=="GET":

        id=request.GET.get('nid')

        bookInfo=models.Book.objects.filter(nid=id).first()

        print(bookInfo.nid)

        return render(request,'edit.html',{'bookInfo':bookInfo})

    else:

        nid=request.POST.get('nid')

        title=request.POST.get('title')

        author=request.POST.get('author')

        publishDate=request.POST.get('publishDate')

        price=request.POST.get('price')

        #更新数据库

        models.Book.objects.filter(nid=nid).update(title=title,author=author,publishDate=publishDate,price=price)

        return redirect('/index/')

b edit.html静态文件

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title></title>

    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css">

    <style>

        .container {

            margin-top: 100px;

        }

    </style>

</head>

<body>

<div class="container">

    <div class="row col-md-offset-2">

        <form class="form-horizontal " method="POST" action="/edit/">

            <input type="text" style="display: none;" name="nid" value={{ bookInfo.nid }}>

            <div class="form-group">

                <label for="book" class="col-sm-2 control-label">书名</label>

                <div class="col-sm-4">

                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="book" placeholder="book" name="title" value={{ bookInfo.title }}>

                </div>

            </div>

            <div class="form-group">

                <label for="author" class="col-sm-2 control-label">作者</label>

                <div class="col-sm-4">

                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="author" placeholder="author" name="author" value={{ bookInfo.author }}>

                </div>

            </div>

            <div class="form-group">

                <label for="date" class="col-sm-2 control-label">出版日期</label>

                <div class="col-sm-4">

                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="date" placeholder="date" name="publishDate" value={{ bookInfo.publishDate|date:"Y-m-d" }}>

                </div>

            </div>

            <div class="form-group">

                <label for="price" class="col-sm-2 control-label">价格</label>

                <div class="col-sm-4">

                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="price" placeholder="price" name="price" value={{ bookInfo.price }}>

                </div>

            </div>

            <div class="form-group">

                <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-4">

                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success">添加</button>

                </div>

            </div>

        </form>

    </div>

</div>

</body>

</html>

11 views添加函数

a views文件编写

def addBook(request):

    if request.method=='GET':

        return render(request,'add.html')

    else:

        title=request.POST.get('title')

        author=request.POST.get('author')

        publishDate=request.POST.get('publishDate')

        price=request.POST.get('price')

        print(title,author,publishDate,price)

        models.Book.objects.create(title=title,author=author,publishDate=publishDate,price=price)

        return redirect('/index/')

b add.html静态文件

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title></title>

    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css">

    <style>

        .container {

            margin-top: 100px;

        }

    </style>

</head>

<body>

<div class="container">

    <div class="row col-md-offset-2">

        <form class="form-horizontal " method="POST" action="/add/">

            <div class="form-group">

                <label for="book" class="col-sm-2 control-label">书名</label>

                <div class="col-sm-4">

                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="book" placeholder="book" name="title" >

                </div>

            </div>

            <div class="form-group">

                <label for="author" class="col-sm-2 control-label">作者</label>

                <div class="col-sm-4">

                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="author" placeholder="author" name="author" >

                </div>

            </div>

            <div class="form-group">

                <label for="date" class="col-sm-2 control-label">出版日期</label>

                <div class="col-sm-4">

                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="date" placeholder="date" name="publishDate" >

                </div>

            </div>

            <div class="form-group">

                <label for="price" class="col-sm-2 control-label">价格</label>

                <div class="col-sm-4">

                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="price" placeholder="price" name="price" >

                </div>

            </div>

            <div class="form-group">

                <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-4">

                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success">添加</button>

                </div>

            </div>

        </form>

    </div>

</div>

</body>

</html>

12 模态框添加

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title></title>

    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css">

    <style>

        .container {

            margin-top: 100px;

        }

    </style>

</head>

<body>

<div class="container">

    <div class="row">

        <div class="col-md-7  col-md-offset-3">

            <div class="">

                <a href="/add/">

                    <button class="pull-right btn btn-primary">添加</button>

                </a>

            </div>

		<!-- Button模态对话框 -->

            <div class="">

                <a>

                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-info " data-toggle="modal" data-target="#myModal">

                        模态框添加

                    </button>

                </a>

            </div>

            <table class="table table-striped table-responsive table-bordered">

                <thead>

                <tr>

                    <th>编号</th>

                    <th>书名</th>

                    <th>作者</th>

                    <th>出版日期</th>

                    <th>价格</th>

                    <th>操作</th>

                </tr>

                </thead>

                <tbody>

                {% for book_obj in bookList %}

                    <tr>

                        <td>{{ book_obj.nid }}</td>

                        <td>{{ book_obj.title }}</td>

                        <td>{{ book_obj.author }}</td>

                        <td>{{ book_obj.publishDate|date:"Y-m-d" }}</td>

                        <td>{{ book_obj.price }}￥</td>

                        <td>

                            <a href="/edit/?nid={{ book_obj.nid }}">

                                <button class="btn btn-success">编辑</button>

                            </a>

                            <a href="/del/?nid={{ book_obj.nid }}">

                                <button class="btn btn-danger">删除</button>

                            </a>

                        </td>

                    </tr>

                {% endfor %}

                </tbody>

            </table>

        </div>

    </div>

</div>

<!-- Modal模态对话框 -->

<div class="modal fade" id="myModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel">

    <div class="modal-dialog" role="document">

        <div class="modal-content">

            <div class="modal-header">

                <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span>

                </button>

                <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">添加书籍</h4>

            </div>

            <div class="modal-body">

                <div class="row">

                    <form class="form-horizontal" method="POST" action="/add/">

                        <div class="form-group">

                            <label for="book" class="col-sm-3 control-label">书名</label>

                            <div class="col-sm-6">

                                <input type="text" class="form-control" id="book" placeholder="book" name="title">

                            </div>

                        </div>

                        <div class="form-group">

                            <label for="author" class="col-sm-3 control-label">作者</label>

                            <div class="col-sm-6">

                                <input type="text" class="form-control" id="author" placeholder="author"

                                       name="author">

                            </div>

                        </div>

                        <div class="form-group">

                            <label for="date" class="col-sm-3 control-label">出版日期</label>

                            <div class="col-sm-6">

                                <input type="text" class="form-control" id="date" placeholder="date"

                                       name="publishDate">

                            </div>

                        </div>

                        <div class="form-group">

                            <label for="price" class="col-sm-3 control-label">价格</label>

                            <div class="col-sm-6">

                                <input type="text" class="form-control" id="price" placeholder="price" name="price">

                            </div>

                        </div>

                        <div class="modal-footer">

                            <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">关闭</button>

                            <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success">保存</button>

                        </div>

                    </form>

                </div>

            </div>

        </div>

    </div>

</div>

<script src="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7/js/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script>

<script src="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

</body>

</html>

13 静态文件static目录配置　　

STATICFILES_DIRS = (

    # os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static','css'),  #'static' 实际目录名称'css'  别名

    os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'),  #'static' 实际目录名称'css'  别名

)

目录结构：

码农公寓

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