启用Windows10的Linux子系统并安装图形界面
参考来自：https://www.cnblogs.com/oboth-zl/p/10315500.html
有些在我这里出问题，加了一些操作细节
安装Linux子系统
目前windows应用商店为win10 提供了多款Linux发行版本，包括Ubuntu、Debian、OpenSUSE等。
这里我安装的Ubuntu系统是bionic，18.04。
1、准备工作
在控制面版中启用Linux子系统，在设置-更新和安全中-开发者选项中切换到开发人员模式
2、开始安装
在Windows应用商店安装一个Linux发行版本，选择的Ubuntu。安装完成后可以在开始菜单找到，点击即可打开。
第一次进入需等待安装完成。如果以前有安装过1804， 会出现错误，我这里重启一次就可以继续安装了。不重启的话始终存在一个错误，导致无法安装ubuntu子系统。
根据提示，设置用户名和密码。
设置完成，进入系统。
若需要使用root用户，可通过sudo passwd设置root的密码。
接下来是把软件源修改为国内，因为默认官方源服务器在国外，访问太慢。当然你也可以选择跳过这一步，前提是你不嫌下载软件慢。
源的修改有两种方式：
- 通过修改源列表，即/etc/apt/sources.list。
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
也可以修改为清华大学或者阿里云的服务器源。
apt-get update
3. 安装图形界面
对于Linux来说使用shell命令行完全满足大部分场景的使用。但是某些情况还是需要图形界面，比如查看图片、视频，浏览网页，UI设计等，这也是我折腾图形界面的原因。
1、安装必要软件包
可以通过执行sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales 选择zh-CN.UTF-8将系统切换为中文环境。
安装桌面、语言包、字体包、输入法等必要软件。
这里选择的是lxde轻量化桌面，个人比较推荐，当然也可以选择xfce，lxqt等其他桌面。使用下面的命令来装轻量级卓桌面
apt-get update
apt-get gedit
apt install fcitx fcitx-googlepinyin
apt install language-pack-gnome-zh-hans
apt install fonts-wqy-zenhei
apt install xorg
apt install lubuntu-core
apt install lxde
尽然鼓捣坏apt，鼓捣坏apt-get ，或者apt-get 出问题的解决办法：
wget http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apt/apt_1.9.4ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb
dpkg -i apt_1.9.4ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb
2、安装远程桌面软件（tigervnc）
受限于Linux子系统实现原理，图形界面无法直接输出到显示器。
这里选择vnc远程桌面来解决，当然你也可以选择其他远程桌面方案。
1）首先下载安装程序：
wget https://bintray.com/tigervnc/stable/download_file?file_path=tigervnc-1.9.0.x86_64.tar.gz
ls
tar -xf download_file?file_path=tigervnc-1.9.0.x86_64.tar.gz
cd tigervnc-1.9.0.x86_64
cd usr/bin/
vncserver:0# 这里还无法启动，这是由于没有安装vnc4server
2）安装vnc4server
apt-get install vnc4server tightvncserver
New 'X' desktop is DESKTOP-xxxxx:1
Creating default startup script /root/.vnc/xstartup
Starting applications specified in /root/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /root/.vnc/DESKTOP-写文章-CSDN博客.htm:1.log
vim /root/.vnc/xstartup
加入startlxde&
:wq保存并退出
3）启动vnc4server
# vnc4server
root用户的桌面1和2
New 'DESKTOP-xxxx:2 (root)' desktop is DESKTOP-LP76EKU:2
Starting applications specified in /root/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /root/.vnc/DESKTOP- xxxx :2.log
You will require a password to access your desktops.
Password:
Verify:
Passwords don't match - try again
Password:
Verify:
Password too long - only the first 8 characters will be used
xauth: file /root/.Xauthority does not exist
New 'X' desktop is DESKTOP-LP76EKU:1
Creating default startup script /root/.vnc/xstartup
Starting applications specified in /root/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /root/.vnc/DESKTOP-xxxx:1.log
.vnc中的目录
root@DESKTOP-xxxx:~/.vnc# ls
DESKTOP-xxxx:1.log DESKTOP-xxxx:1.pid DESKTOP-xxxx:2.log DESKTOP-xxxx:2.pid passwd xstartup
重启vnc4server
$ vnc4server -kill :1
$vnc4server
注意：“-kill”和“:1”之间有空格
一般用户的桌面，DESKTOP-xxxx:3
~$ vnc4server
You will require a password to access your desktops.
Password:
Verify:
Password too long - only the first 8 characters will be used
xauth: file /home/xxxx/.Xauthority does not exist
New 'DESKTOP-xxxx:3 (oxxxx)' desktop is DESKTOP-xxxx:3
Creating default startup script /home/oxxxx/.vnc/xstartup
Starting applications specified in /home/oxxxx/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /home/ocnzhao/.vnc/DESKTOP-xxxx:3.log
Xvnc Free Edition 4.1.1 - built Feb 25 2015 23:02:21
Copyright (C) 2002-2005 RealVNC Ltd.
See http://www.realvnc.com for information on VNC.
Underlying X server release 40300000, The XFree86 Project, Inc
Wed Aug 12 11:57:38 2020
vncext: VNC extension running!
vncext: Listening for VNC connections on port 5903
vncext: created VNC server for screen 0
error opening security policy file /etc/X11/xserver/SecurityPolicy
Could not init font path element /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/, removing from list!
Could not init font path element /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Speedo/, removing from list!
Could not init font path element /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/misc/, removing from list!
Could not init font path element /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi/, removing from list!
Could not init font path element /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/100dpi/, removing from list!
Could not init font path element /usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/, removing from list!
Could not init font path element /usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/, removing from list!
Obt-Message: XKB extension is not present on the server or too old
Obt-Message: Xinerama extension is not present on the server
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":3".
# Failed to parse arguments: Unknown option --login
See vncserver and Xtightvnc manual pages for more information.
vncserver :0不行
New 'X' desktop is DESKTOP-xxxx:0
Starting applications specified in /root/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /root/.vnc/DESKTOP-写文章-CSDN博客.htm:0.log
win下的壁纸路径C:\Windows\Web\Wallpaper挑几张好的复制过去
cd /mnt/c/Windows/Web/Screen
cp *.* /etc/alternatives
然后在vnc中选择一张壁纸即可.
# cd .vnc
root@DESKTOP-xxxx:~/.vnc# ls
DESKTOP-xxxx:0.log DESKTOP-xxxx:0.pid DESKTOP-xxxx:1.log DESKTOP-xxxx:2.log passwd xstartup
root@DESKTOP-xxxx:~/.vnc# vncserver :1
New 'X' desktop is DESKTOP-LP76EKU:1
Starting applications specified in /root/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /root/.vnc/DESKTOP-xxxx:1.log
apt-get install firefox
Anaconda3安装
oxxxx@DESKTOP-xxxx:/mnt/v$ sh ./Anaconda3-2020.07-Linux-x86_64.sh
# PREFIX=/home/oxxxx/anaconda3
Preparing transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
installation finished.
Do you wish the installer to initialize Anaconda3
by running conda init? [yes|no]
[no] >>> yes
./Anaconda3-2020.07-Linux-x86_64.sh: 491: ./Anaconda3-2020.07-Linux-x86_64.sh: [[: not found
no change /home/oxxxx/anaconda3/condabin/conda
no change /home/oxxxx/anaconda3/bin/conda
no change /home/oxxxx/anaconda3/bin/conda-env
no change /home/oxxxx/anaconda3/bin/activate
no change /home/oxxxx/anaconda3/bin/deactivate
no change /home/oxxxx/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh
no change /home/oxxxx/anaconda3/etc/fish/conf.d/conda.fish
no change /home/oxxxx/anaconda3/shell/condabin/Conda.psm1
no change /home/oxxxx/anaconda3/shell/condabin/conda-hook.ps1
no change /home/oxxxx/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/xontrib/conda.xsh
no change /home/oxxxx/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.csh
modified /home/oxxxx/.bashrc
==> For changes to take effect, close and re-open your current shell. <==
If you'd prefer that conda's base environment not be activated on startup,
set the auto_activate_base parameter to false:
conda config --set auto_activate_base false
Thank you for installing Anaconda3!
===========================================================================
Working with Python and Jupyter notebooks is a breeze with PyCharm
Professional! Code completion, Notebook debugger, VCS support, SSH, Docker,
Databases, and more!
Get a free trial at: https://www.anaconda.com/pycharm
pycharm的安装
wget https://download.jetbrains.8686c.com/python/pycharm-community-2020.2.tar.gz
Unpack the PyCharm distribution archive that you downloaded
where you wish to install the program. We will refer to this
location as your {installation home}.
cd /mnt/v/pycharm-community-2020.2/bin
./pycharm.sh
This will initialize various configuration files in the configuration directory:
~/.config/JetBrains/PyCharmCE2020.2.
3. [OPTIONAL] Add "{installation home}/bin" to your PATH environment
variable so that you can start PyCharm from any directory.
4. [OPTIONAL] To adjust the value of the JVM heap size, create a file pycharm.vmoptions
(or pycharm64.vmoptions if using a 64-bit JDK) in the configuration directory
and set the -Xms and -Xmx parameters. To see how to do this,
you can reference the vmoptions file under "{installation home}/bin" as a model
but do not modify it, add your options to the new file.
[OPTIONAL] Change the location of the "config" and "system" directories
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
By default, PyCharm stores all your settings in the
~/.config/JetBrains/PyCharmCE2020.2 directory
and uses ~/.local/share/JetBrains/PyCharmCE2020.2 as a data cache.
To change the location of these directories:
1. Open a console and cd into ~/.config/JetBrains/PyCharmCE2020.2
2. Create a file idea.properties and set the idea.system.path and idea.config.path variables, for example:
idea.system.path=~/custom/system
idea.config.path=~/custom/config
NOTE: Store the data cache ("system" directory) on a disk with at least 1 GB of free space.
Enjoy!
-PyCharm Development Team
分辨率调整
cvt 1680 900
apt install v86d hwinfo
使用cvt命令生成 xorg.conf下的屏幕分辨率和刷新率(你的可以这样运行sudo cvt 1280 720 75)
远程屏幕大小设置
vim /usr/bin/vncserver
$geometry="1280x1024" --根据客户端电脑屏幕分辨率设置大小
#geometry="1400x900"
#geometry="1560x900" #还不够宽
#geometry="1680x900" # 这个差不多了
kill掉开启的远程
vncserver -kill :0
vncserver -kill :1
启动
vncserver :1
没使用xrandr调整VNC的分辨率，cvt处理出来也讲究能用了。
./pycharm.sh
任意路径打开pycharm.
在终端打开pycharm，然而，在终端打开还有一个问题，就是需要进入pycharm解压的文件夹下，进入bin目录，输入sh pycharm.sh才能打开，这就比较麻烦了。
所以我需要将这个路径也写到~/,bashrc里面，这样在任意路径下都可以直接输入pycharm.sh，就能打开pycharm了！
输入内容如下:
export PATH="/usr/local/bin:$PATH"
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