前言
首先先介绍一下Jsoup:(摘自官网)
jsoup
is a Java library for working with real-world HTML. It provides a very convenient API for extracting and manipulating data, using the best of DOM, CSS, and jquery-like methods.
Jsoup俗称“大杀器”,具体的使用大家可以看 jsoup中文文档
代码编写
首先maven引包:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>4.5.4</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpcore</artifactId>
<version>4.4.9</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jsoup</groupId>
<artifactId>jsoup</artifactId>
<version>1.11.3</version>
</dependency>
封装几个方法(思路大多都在注解里面,相信大家都看得懂):
/**
* 创建.txt文件
*
* @param fileName 文件名(小说名)
* @return File对象
*/
public static File createFile(String fileName) {
//获取桌面路径
String comPath = FileSystemView.getFileSystemView().getHomeDirectory().getPath();
//创建空白文件夹:networkNovel
File file = new File(comPath + "\\networkNovel\\" + fileName + ".txt");
try {
//获取父目录
File fileParent = file.getParentFile();
if (!fileParent.exists()) {
fileParent.mkdirs();
}
//创建文件
if (!file.exists()) {
file.createNewFile();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
file = null;
System.err.println("新建文件操作出错");
e.printStackTrace();
}
return file;
} /**
* 字符流写入文件
*
* @param file file对象
* @param value 要写入的数据
*/
public static void fileWriter(File file, String value) {
//字符流
try {
FileWriter resultFile = new FileWriter(file, true);//true,则追加写入
PrintWriter myFile = new PrintWriter(resultFile);
//写入
myFile.println(value);
myFile.println("\n"); myFile.close();
resultFile.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("写入操作出错");
e.printStackTrace();
}
} /**
* 采集当前url完整response实体.toString()
*
* @param url url
* @return response实体.toString()
*/
public static String gather(String url,String refererUrl) {
String result = null;
try {
//创建httpclient对象 (这里设置成全局变量,相对于同一个请求session、cookie会跟着携带过去)
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
//创建get方式请求对象
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
httpGet.addHeader("Content-type", "application/json");
//包装一下
httpGet.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36");
httpGet.addHeader("Referer", refererUrl);
httpGet.addHeader("Connection", "keep-alive"); //通过请求对象获取响应对象
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
//获取结果实体
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "GBK");
} //释放链接
response.close();
}
//这里还可以捕获超时异常,重新连接抓取
catch (Exception e) {
result = null;
System.err.println("采集操作出错");
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
} /**
* 使用jsoup处理html字符串,根据规则,得到当前章节名以及完整内容跟下一章的链接地址
* 每个站点的代码风格都不一样,所以规则要根据不同的站点去修改
* 比如这里的文章内容直接用一个div包起来,而有些站点是每个段落用p标签包起来
* @param html html字符串
* @return Map<String,String>
*/
public static Map<String, String> processor(String html) {
HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
String chapterName;//章节名
String chapter = null;//完整章节(包括章节名)
String next = null;//下一章链接地址
try {
//解析html格式的字符串成一个Document
Document doc = Jsoup.parse(html); //章节名称
Elements bookname = doc.select("div.bookname > h1");
chapterName = bookname.text().trim();
chapter = chapterName +"\n"; //文章内容
Elements content = doc.select("div#content");
String replaceText = content.text().replace(" ", "\n");
chapter = chapter + replaceText; //下一章
Elements nextText = doc.select("a:matches((?i)下一章)");
if (nextText.size() > 0) {
next = nextText.attr("href");
} map.put("chapterName", chapterName);//章节名称
map.put("chapter", chapter);//完整章节内容
map.put("next", next);//下一章链接地址
} catch (Exception e) {
map = null;
System.err.println("处理数据操作出错");
e.printStackTrace();
}
return map;
} /**
* 递归写入完整的一本书
* @param file file
* @param baseUrl 基础url
* @param url 当前url
* @param refererUrl refererUrl
*/
public static void mergeBook(File file, String baseUrl, String url, String refererUrl) {
String html = gather(baseUrl + url,baseUrl +refererUrl);
Map<String, String> map = processor(html);
//追加写入
fileWriter(file, map.get("chapter"));
System.out.println(map.get("chapterName") + " --100%");
if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(map.get("next"))) {
//递归
mergeBook(file, baseUrl, map.get("next"),url);
}
}
main测试:
public static void main(String[] args) {
//需要提供的条件:站点;小说名;第一章的链接;refererUrl
String baseUrl = "http://www.biquge.com.tw";
File file = createFile("斗破苍穹");
mergeBook(file, baseUrl, "/1_1999/1179371.html","/1_1999/");
}
效果
给大家看一下我之前爬取的数据,多开几个进程,挂机爬,差不多七个G,七百八十多部小说
代码开源
代码已经开源、托管到我的GitHub、码云: