public function rules()
    {

        $id = $this->route('outline') ? $this->route('outline') : 0;
        return [
        	// 默认为id，可以添加第四个参数，即排除的字段
            'title' => 'required|unique:outlines,title,' . $id,
            'author' => 'required',
            'outline' => 'required',
        ];
    }

'email' => 'unique:users,email_address,'.$userId.',user_id'