在 linux 系统上，解决软件包之间的依赖关系是很重要的事。很多工作无法实现可能就是因为缺少一个软件包，而当你千方百计找到这个软件包的时候，却发现它跟当前系统不兼容。所以，要做的非常重要的一件事情就是给系统添加软件仓库，以确保能安装使用大部分软件包。（亲测）建议看完文章再动手配置
实验环境：
[1-06@localhost Desktop]$ uname -aLinux localhost 4.4.13-200.nd7.3.x86_64 #1 SMP Sat Jul 8 23:22:12 CST 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
中标麒麟软件下载命令为：yum install
和fedora，Redhat，centos类似，相似于centos系统
中标麒麟-网易163 yum源配置
1.进入到/etc/yum/repos.d/目录中（该目录存放着yum软件仓库的配置文件）
[2-05@localhost yum.repos.d]$ cd /etc/yum.repos.d/[2-05@localhost yum.repos.d]$ lsneokylin.repo neokylin-updates.repo
2.删除原有的yum源
[2-05@localhost yum.repos.d]$ rm -f *
3.使用vim编辑器创建一个新的配置文件（文件名称可随意，但后缀必须为.repo）
[2-05@localhost yum.repos.d]$ sudo vim mirrors.163.com.repo 配置参数: [2-05@localhost yum.repos.d]$ cat mirrors.163.com.repo[mirrors.163.com]name=mirrors.163.combaseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/enabled=1gpgcheck=0
4.检查配置是否正确
[2-05@localhost yum.repos.d]$ yum repolist已加载插件：langpacksmirrors.163.com | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 (1/2): mirrors.163.com/group_gz | 166 kB 00:00:00 (2/2): mirrors.163.com/primary_db | 6.0 MB 00:00:01 源标识 源名称 状态mirrors.163.com mirrors.163.com 10,019repolist: 10,019
5.更新Yum缓存
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum list[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
中标麒麟-阿里云yum源配置
1.在线下载【需要连网】
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
2.Centos-7.repo文件中以$开始的变量进行替换
sed -i 's/$releasever/7/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
3.更新yum缓存
清空缓存：yum clean all生成缓存：yum makecache
中标麒麟-官方yum源配置
注意 ：操作系统使用的源不同可能会对整个操作系统产生影响，用户想要使用中标麒麟官方源，可按照下面配置 /etc/yum.repo.d/ 中的源文件。在/etc/yum.repo.d/ 文件夹中有neokylin.repo和neokylin-updates.repo两个文件配置如下：
neokylin.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cat neokylin.repo [neokylin]name= NeoKylin 7.0baseurl=http://download.cs2c.com.cn/neokylin/desktop/releases/7.0/x86_64/zx/os/enabled=1gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-neokylin-$basearch [neokylin-32]name= NeoKylin 7.0 32-bitbaseurl=http://download.cs2c.com.cn/neokylin/desktop/releases/7.0/i386/os/enabled=1gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-neokylin-i386
neokylin-updates.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cat neokylin-updates.repo [neokylin-updates]name= NeoKylin 7.0 Updatesbaseurl=http://download.cs2c.com.cn/neokylin/desktop/updates/7.0/x86_64/zx/os/enabled=1gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-neokylin-$basearch [neokylin-updates-32]name= NeoKylin 7.0 Updates 32-bitbaseurl=http://download.cs2c.com.cn/neokylin/desktop/updates/7.0/i386/os/enabled=1gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-neokylin-i386
问题：本人设置的官方yum源中，包含32位和64位yum源配置，在使用的时候可以根据自己的需求对yum源进行配置。本人在使用yum源【官方yum源、163或centos源都会出现这种问题】安装软件的时候会出现很多软件包依赖问题，解决办法在下面文章中。【在下在网上查找一种方法，使用 NeoKylin-Live-Desktop-7.0-SDK-x86_64-B036-20160811.iso 镜像安装软件解决依赖包问题，目前还在测试中 】
---> Package xml-commons-resolver.noarch 0:1.2-17.nd7.1 will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionError: Package: 1:cups-1.7.5-13.nd7.4.x86_64 (neokylin) Requires: libdbus-1.so.3(LIBDBUS_1_3)(64bit) Available: 1:dbus-libs-1.8.6-3.nd7.4.x86_64 (neokylin) libdbus-1.so.3(LIBDBUS_1_3)(64bit) Installed: 1:dbus-libs-1.8.20-1.nd7.1.x86_64 (@neokylin-updates-32/"7.0") Not found Available: 1:dbus-libs-1.8.6-3.nd7.1.i686 (neokylin-32) Not foundError: Package: filezilla-3.8.1-3.nd7.7.x86_64 (neokylin) Requires: libdbus-1.so.3(LIBDBUS_1_3)(64bit) Available: 1:dbus-libs-1.8.6-3.nd7.4.x86_64 (neokylin) libdbus-1.so.3(LIBDBUS_1_3)(64bit) Installed: 1:dbus-libs-1.8.20-1.nd7.1.x86_64 (@neokylin-updates-32/"7.0") Not found Available: 1:dbus-libs-1.8.6-3.nd7.1.i686 (neokylin-32) Not foundError: Package: caja-1.8.2-1.nd7.105.x86_64 (neokylin-updates) Requires: libdbus-1.so.3(LIBDBUS_1_3)(64bit) Available: 1:dbus-libs-1.8.6-3.nd7.4.x86_64 (neokylin) libdbus-1.so.3(LIBDBUS_1_3)(64bit) Installed: 1:dbus-libs-1.8.20-1.nd7.1.x86_64 (@neokylin-updates-32/"7.0") Not found Available: 1:dbus-libs-1.8.6-3.nd7.1.i686 (neokylin-32) Not found
ps：本文章持续更新，致力于解决中标麒麟操作系统软件安装的各种问题，欢迎各路大神提出宝贵意见【仅安装问题】
2019-09-15【新增】
进过多次折腾终于可以实现yum update更新
1、实验环境：
[root@root01 ~]# cat /etc/issueNeoKylin Linux Desktop release 7.0 (zhaoxin)Kernel \r on an \m (\l) [root@root01 ~]# uname -aLinux root01 4.4.13-200.nd7.3.x86_64 #1 SMP Sat Jul 8 23:22:12 CST 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux[root@root01 ~]#
2、官方yum源：
[root@root01 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ [root@root01 yum.repos.d]# lsneokylin.repo neokylin-updates.repo [root@root01 yum.repos.d]# cat neokylin* [neokylin]name= NeoKylin 7.0baseurl=http://download.cs2c.com.cn/neokylin/desktop/releases/7.0/x86_64/zx/os/enabled=1gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-neokylin-$basearch [neokylin-updates]name= NeoKylin 7.0 Updatesbaseurl=http://download.cs2c.com.cn/neokylin/desktop/updates/7.0/x86_64/zx/os/enabled=1gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-neokylin-$basearch
3、错误提示及解决：
[root@root01 yum.repos.d]# yum -y update --skip-brokenLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfileResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package PackageKit.x86_64 0:1.0.10-1.nd7.3 will be updated。。。。。。 Error: Multilib version problems found. This often means that the root cause is something else and multilib version checking is just pointing out that there is a problem. Eg.: 1. You have an upgrade for gtk3 which is missing some dependency that another package requires. Yum is trying to solve this by installing an older version of gtk3 of the different architecture. If you exclude the bad architecture yum will tell you what the root cause is (which package requires what). You can try redoing the upgrade with --exclude gtk3.otherarch ... this should give you an error message showing the root cause of the problem. 2. You have multiple architectures of gtk3 installed, but yum can only see an upgrade for one of those architectures. If you don't want/need both architectures anymore then you can remove the one with the missing update and everything will work. 3. You have duplicate versions of gtk3 installed already. You can use "yum check" to get yum show these errors. ...you can also use --setopt=protected_multilib=false to remove this checking, however this is almost never the correct thing to do as something else is very likely to go wrong (often causing much more problems). Protected multilib versions: gtk3-3.22.10-5.nd7.1.x86_64 != gtk3-3.14.15-1.nd7.2.x86_64[root@root01 yum.repos.d]# yum install gtk3Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfileResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package gtk3.x86_64 0:3.14.15-1.nd7.2 will be updated[root@root01 yum.repos.d]# yum -y update --skip-broken。。。。。。成功执行update命令Replaced: PackageKit-cached-metadata.x86_64 0:1.0.10-1.nd7.3 libertas-usb8388-firmware.noarch 2:20150904-56.git6ebf5d57.nd7.1 xorg-x11-drv-modesetting.x86_64 0:0.9.0-2.nd7.1 Complete!
说明：在yum更新过程中总是出现一些安装包依赖问题不能解决，然后执行提示命令
{
You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest
}
显示如上图gtk3所示，我把gtk3重新安装了一下，就解决了一些包的依赖问题，出现依赖问题的原因目前正在探索中，望各位高手指点迷津。
ps：今天在执行centos7的时候，yum update时也提示一些软件包依赖问题，错误提示如下：
Error: Package: nettle-3.2-2.el6.x86_64 (epel) Requires: libgmp.so.3()(64bit)Error: Package: gnutls-3.3.26-9.el7.x86_64 (base) Requires: libnettle.so.4()(64bit) Removing: nettle-2.7.1-4.el7.x86_64 (installed) libnettle.so.4()(64bit) Updated By: nettle-3.2-2.el6.x86_64 (epel) ~libnettle.so.6()(64bit) Available: nettle-2.7.1-8.el7.x86_64 (base) libnettle.so.4()(64bit)Error: Package: gnutls-3.3.26-9.el7.x86_64 (base)
这是由于EPEL版本不对导致的，依次执行下面的命令就好了
yum remove epel-releaseyum --enablerepo=extras install epel-releaseyum clean all
关于yum、apt-get、rpm之类的软件管理工具，本人正在一步一步探索中希望以后能够将其原理解析一下，为国产软件以及开源事业尽绵薄之力 。
2020-06-29【新增】
中标麒麟操作系统发布的最新版本的操作系统，与上一版本相比linux内核降低了，yum工具使用起来比之前的版本好用一些，但官方软件源依然有待提高。
实验环境：
[neokylin@localhost Desktop]$ uname -aLinux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-862.9.1.nd7.zx.18.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Nov 12 09:16:38 CST 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
1、中标麒麟官方源
因为没有用官方源，我把官方源放在新建的/etc/yum.repos.d/neokylin/文件夹下
2、中标麒麟第三方源配置
中标麒麟操作系统对标Fedora，Fedora和centos、redhat是直系关系，故centos能用的官方及第三方源理论上中标麒麟都能用，但是还是再次提醒，第三方源慎用，使用非官方提供的软件及依赖造成系统奔溃是常事。
Centos源配置
参见上文：中标麒麟-阿里云yum源配置；中标麒麟-网易163 yum源配置
ElRepo 源配置
ElRepo 是国外的一个只对Linux操作系统的第三方免费软件资源库，支持Linux和CentOS操作系统的软件安装和升级，国内可用，以下配置只针对以上实验环境。
1、导入key
rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
2、安装ElRepo
命令安装总是出现问题，下面是安装：
yum install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-3.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
如果上面yum成功可以忽略下面建议。
建议：直接创建elrepo.repo文件，把下面 ### 开始的内容拷贝到该文件中，更新即可：
[neokylin@localhost yum.repos.d]$ cat elrepo.repo ### Name: ELRepo.org Community Enterprise Linux Repository for el7### URL: http://elrepo.org/ [elrepo]name=ELRepo.org Community Enterprise Linux Repository - el7baseurl=http://elrepo.org/linux/elrepo/el7/$basearch/ http://mirrors.coreix.net/elrepo/elrepo/el7/$basearch/ http://mirror.rackspace.com/elrepo/elrepo/el7/$basearch/ http://repos.lax-noc.com/elrepo/elrepo/el7/$basearch/ http://mirror.ventraip.net.au/elrepo/elrepo/el7/$basearch/mirrorlist=http://mirrors.elrepo.org/mirrors-elrepo.el7enabled=1gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.orgprotect=0 [elrepo-testing]name=ELRepo.org Community Enterprise Linux Testing Repository - el7baseurl=http://elrepo.org/linux/testing/el7/$basearch/ http://mirrors.coreix.net/elrepo/testing/el7/$basearch/ http://mirror.rackspace.com/elrepo/testing/el7/$basearch/ http://repos.lax-noc.com/elrepo/testing/el7/$basearch/ http://mirror.ventraip.net.au/elrepo/testing/el7/$basearch/mirrorlist=http://mirrors.elrepo.org/mirrors-elrepo-testing.el7enabled=0gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.orgprotect=0 [elrepo-kernel]name=ELRepo.org Community Enterprise Linux Kernel Repository - el7baseurl=http://elrepo.org/linux/kernel/el7/$basearch/ http://mirrors.coreix.net/elrepo/kernel/el7/$basearch/ http://mirror.rackspace.com/elrepo/kernel/el7/$basearch/ http://repos.lax-noc.com/elrepo/kernel/el7/$basearch/ http://mirror.ventraip.net.au/elrepo/kernel/el7/$basearch/mirrorlist=http://mirrors.elrepo.org/mirrors-elrepo-kernel.el7enabled=0gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.orgprotect=0 [elrepo-extras]name=ELRepo.org Community Enterprise Linux Extras Repository - el7baseurl=http://elrepo.org/linux/extras/el7/$basearch/ http://mirrors.coreix.net/elrepo/extras/el7/$basearch/ http://mirror.rackspace.com/elrepo/extras/el7/$basearch/ http://repos.lax-noc.com/elrepo/extras/el7/$basearch/ http://mirror.ventraip.net.au/elrepo/extras/el7/$basearch/mirrorlist=http://mirrors.elrepo.org/mirrors-elrepo-extras.el7enabled=0gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.orgprotect=0
Epel源配置
EPEL (Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux), 是由 Fedora Special Interest Group 维护的 Enterprise Linux（RHEL、CentOS）中经常用到的包。
1、下载新repo 到/etc/yum.repos.d/
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo