有一段时间,我一直在使用Linux‘Direct Rendering Manager,这允许我们进行一些非常低级别的图形管理.这通常在C中完成,在libdrm的帮助下,或直接使用DRM headers.
我正在尝试在Rust中创建一个与libdrm等效的东西,它不仅仅是对C库的绑定,而是直接使用系统调用.这不是一项容易的任务,因为那里几乎没有DRM的文档,但我正在关注this example in C以获取从哪里开始的提示.
我现在到了我应该创建一个哑缓冲区并将其映射到内存中的点,所以我可以修改屏幕上显示的每像素像素数.为此,我必须使用mmap,但我得到一个非常奇怪的错误.
这是C中的最小工作代码：
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <drm/drm.h>
#include <drm/drm_mode.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
int main() {
// STEP 1: GET ACCESS TO DRM
int fd = open("/dev/dri/card0", O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
if (fd < 0) {
printf("Error in function open(): %s\n", strerror(errno));
return 1;
}
// STEP 2: CREATE DUMBBUFFER
struct drm_mode_create_dumb dreq;
dreq.height = 1080,
dreq.width = 1920,
dreq.bpp = 32,
dreq.flags = 0,
dreq.handle = 0,
dreq.pitch = 0,
dreq.size = 0;
int ret = ioctl(fd, DRM_IOCTL_MODE_CREATE_DUMB, &dreq);
if (ret == -1) {
printf("Call to DRM_IOCTL_MODE_CREATE_DUMB failed: %s\n",
strerror(errno));
return 1;
}
// STEP 3: ADD FRAMEBUFFER
struct drm_mode_fb_cmd creq;
creq.fb_id = 0;
creq.width = dreq.width;
creq.height = dreq.height;
creq.pitch = dreq.pitch;
creq.bpp = dreq.bpp;
creq.depth = 24;
creq.handle = dreq.handle;
ret = ioctl(fd, DRM_IOCTL_MODE_ADDFB, &creq);
if (ret == -1) {
printf("Call to DRM_IOCTL_MODE_ADDFB failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return 1;
}
// STEP 4: PREPARE FOR MAPPING
struct drm_mode_map_dumb mreq;
mreq.handle = dreq.handle;
mreq.pad = 0;
mreq.offset = 0;
ret = ioctl(fd, DRM_IOCTL_MODE_MAP_DUMB, &mreq);
if (ret == -1) {
printf("Call to DRM_IOCTL_MODE_MAP_DUMB failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return 1;
}
// STEP 5: MAPPING PROPER
void *map = mmap(0, dreq.size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED,
fd, mreq.offset);
if (map == MAP_FAILED) {
printf("Error in function mmap(): %s\n", strerror(errno));
return 1;
} else {
printf("Address of mapped data: 0x%x\n", map);
}
return 0;
}
这是Rust中完全相同的代码.当然,我的真实代码中有更多的东西,但这个最小的代码足以得到错误：
#![feature(libc)]
extern crate libc;
use self::libc::{c_char, c_int, c_ulong, c_void, off_t, size_t};
extern {
pub fn ioctl(fd : c_int, request : c_ulong, arg : *mut c_void) -> c_int;
}
fn errno() -> c_int {
unsafe { *libc::__errno_location() }
}
fn get_c_error() -> String {
unsafe {
let strerr = libc::strerror(errno()) as *mut u8;
let length = libc::strlen(strerr as *const c_char) as usize;
let mut string = String::with_capacity(length);
for i in 0..length {
let car = *strerr.offset(i as isize) as char;
if car == (0 as char) { break; }
string.push(car);
}
string
}
}
#[repr(C)]
struct CCreateDumb {
height : u32,
width : u32,
bpp : u32,
_flags : u32,
handle : u32,
pitch : u32,
size : u64,
}
#[repr(C)]
struct CFrameBuffer {
_fb_id : u32,
_width : u32,
_height : u32,
_pitch : u32,
_bpp : u32,
_depth : u32,
_handle : u32,
}
#[repr(C)]
struct CMapDumb {
_handle : u32,
_pad : u32,
offset : u32,
}
fn main() {
// STEP 1: GET ACCESS TO DRM
let pathname = "/dev/dri/card0".to_string();
let fd : c_int = unsafe {
libc::open(pathname.as_ptr() as *const c_char,
libc::O_RDWR | libc::O_CLOEXEC)
};
if fd < 0 {
panic!("Error in call of C function open(): {}", get_c_error());
}
// STEP 2: CREATE DUMBBUFFER
let mut dreq = CCreateDumb {
height : 1080,
width : 1920,
bpp : 32,
_flags : 0,
handle : 0,
pitch : 0,
size : 0,
};
// NB : 0xc02064b2 = DRM_IOCTL_MODE_CREATE_DUMB
let mut ret = unsafe {
ioctl(fd, 0xc02064b2 as c_ulong, &mut dreq as *mut _ as *mut c_void)
};
if ret == -1 {
panic!("Call to DRM_IOCTL_MODE_CREATE_DUMB failed: {}", get_c_error());
}
// STEP 3: ADD FRAMEBUFFER
let mut creq = CFrameBuffer {
_fb_id : 0,
_width : dreq.width,
_height : dreq.height,
_pitch : dreq.pitch,
_bpp : dreq.bpp,
_depth : 24,
_handle : dreq.handle,
};
// NB : 0xc01c64ae = DRM_IOCTL_MODE_ADDFB
ret = unsafe {
ioctl(fd, 0xc01c64ae as c_ulong, &mut creq as *mut _ as *mut c_void)
};
if ret == -1 {
panic!("Call to DRM_IOCTL_MODE_ADDFB failed: {}", get_c_error());
}
// STEP 4: PREPARE FOR MAPPING
let mut mreq = CMapDumb {
_handle : dreq.handle,
_pad : 0,
offset : 0,
};
// NB : 0xc01064b3 = DRM_IOCTL_MODE_MAP_DUMB
ret = unsafe {
ioctl(fd, 0xc01064b3 as c_ulong, &mut mreq as *mut _ as *mut c_void)
};
if ret == -1 {
panic!("Call to DRM_IOCTL_MODE_MAP_DUMB failed: {}", get_c_error());
}
// STEP 5: MAPPING PROPER
let map = unsafe {
libc::mmap(
0 as *mut c_void,
dreq.size as size_t,
libc::PROT_READ | libc::PROT_WRITE,
libc::MAP_SHARED,
fd,
mreq.offset as off_t
)
};
if map == libc::MAP_FAILED {
panic!("Error in call of C function mmap(): {}", get_c_error());
} else {
println!("Address of mapped data: 0x{:p}", map);
}
}
它编译得很好,但是当我执行它时,我得到了这个错误.
thread ” panicked at ‘Error in call of C function mmap(): Invalid argument’, memmapping.rs:139
note: Run withRUST_BACKTRACE=1for a backtrace.
使用extern块直接链接到原始的C mmap函数而不是Rust的crate libc并不会改变任何东西.
我看了this project如何调用mmap,并尝试做同样的事情,以确保大小和偏移量是页面对齐的,但它没有改变任何东西,因为它们已经是页面对齐的.
This SO question使用名为std :: os :: MemoryMap的stdlib工具,但它不再存在.
解决方法:
所以我使用了Shepmaster推荐的strace,并发现了问题：CMapDumb结构的偏移字段应该是u64而不是u32(我从C原版中复制过快). DRM_IOCTL_MODE_MAP_DUMB IOCTL返回的实际偏移量为33位,我丢失了最重要的偏移量.它现在工作正常.