1.非注解的处理器映射器和适配器
1.1非注解的处理器映射器
前面我们配置的org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping是非注解的处理器映射器。这种映射器其实有一个问题就是要一个bean里面配置一个url。
现在我们再配置另一个非注解映射器
org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping,它会将url和handler集中进行配置。
<!-- 配置Handler -->
<bean id="ItemsController1" name="/queryItems.action" class="joanna.yan.ssm.controller.ItemsController1"/> <!-- 配置处理器映射器
将bean的name作为url进行查找,需要在配置Handler时指定beanname(就是url)
-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/> <!-- 简单url映射
simpleUrlHandlerMapping是BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping的增强版,
它可以将url和处理器bean的id进行统一映射配置。
-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
<property name="mappings">
<props>
<!-- 对ItemsController1进行url映射,url是/queryItems1.action -->
<prop key="/queryItems1.action">ItemsController1</prop>
<prop key="/queryItems2.action">ItemsController1</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
疑问:可以同时配置这两个映射器吗?
解答:多个映射器可以并存,前端控制器判断url能让哪些映射器映射,就让正确的映射器处理。
1.2非注解的处理器适配器
前面我们配置的org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter是一个非注解的适配器。它要求你编写的Handler要实现Controller接口。
再说另一个非注解的适配器:
org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.HttpRequestHandlerAdapter。它要求编写的Handler实现HttpRequestHandler接口。
public class ItemsController2 implements HttpRequestHandler{ @Override
public void handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
//调用service查找数据库,查询商品列表,这里使用静态数据模拟
List<Items> itemsList=new ArrayList<Items>();
Items items_1=new Items();
items_1.setName("联想笔记本");
items_1.setPrice(6000f);
items_1.setDetail("ThinkPad T430 联想笔记本电脑!"); Items items_2 = new Items();
items_2.setName("苹果手机");
items_2.setPrice(5000f);
items_2.setDetail("iphone6苹果手机!"); itemsList.add(items_1);
itemsList.add(items_2);
//设置模型数据
request.setAttribute("itemsList", itemsList);
//设置转发的视图
request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/items/itemsList.jsp").forward(request, response); // 从上边可以看出此适配器器的handleRequest方法没有返回ModelAndView,可通过response修改定义响应内容,比如返回json数据:
// response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
// response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
// response.getWriter().write("json串");
}
}
在springmvc.xml中配置:
2.DispatcherServlet.properties
前端控制器从上边的文件中加载处理映射器、适配器、视图解析器等组件,如果不在springmvc.xml中配置,则使用默认加载的。
3.注解的处理器映射器和适配器
在spring3.1之前使用org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping注解映射器。
在spring3.1之后使用org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping注解映射器。
在spring3.1之前使用org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter注解适配器。
在spring3.1之后使用org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter注解适配器。
3.1配置注解映射器和适配器
<!--注解映射器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping"/>
<!--注解适配器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter"/>
<!--使用mvc:annotation-driven代替上边注解映射器和注解适配器 配置
mvc:annotation-driven默认加载很多的参数绑定方法,
比如json转换解析器就默认加载了,如果使用mvc:annotation-driven就不用配置上面的RequestMappingHandlerMapping和RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
实际开发时使用mvc:annotation-driven
-->
<!-- <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven> -->
3.2开发注解Handler
使用注解的映射器和注解的适配器。(注解的映射器和注解的适配器必须配对使用,理解为不能使用非注解映射器进行映射)
/**
* 开发注解Handler
* 使用@Controller标明它是一个控制器
* @author Joanna.Yan
*
*/
@Controller
public class ItemsController3{ //商品查询列表
//@RequestMapping实现对queryItems方法和url进行映射,一个方法对应一个url
//一般建议将url和方法名写成一样,方便维护
@RequestMapping("/queryItems")
public ModelAndView queryItems() throws Exception{
//调用service查找数据库,查询商品列表,这里使用静态数据模拟
List<Items> itemsList=new ArrayList<Items>();
Items items_1=new Items();
items_1.setName("联想笔记本");
items_1.setPrice(6000f);
items_1.setDetail("ThinkPad T430 联想笔记本电脑!"); Items items_2 = new Items();
items_2.setName("苹果手机");
items_2.setPrice(5000f);
items_2.setDetail("iphone6苹果手机!"); itemsList.add(items_1);
itemsList.add(items_2);
//返回ModelAndView
ModelAndView modelAndView=new ModelAndView();
modelAndView.addObject("itemsList", itemsList);
//指定视图
modelAndView.setViewName("/WEB-INF/jsp/items/itemsList.jsp");
return modelAndView;
}
//定义其它方法
//商品添加
//商品修改
}
3.3在spring容器中加载Handler
<!-- 对于注解的Handler可以单个配置
实际开发中建议使用组件扫描
-->
<!-- <bean class="joanna.yan.ssm.controller.ItemsController3" /> -->
<!-- 可以扫描controller、service、...
这里让扫描controller,指定controller的包
-->
<context:component-scan base-package="joanna.yan.ssm.controller"></context:component-scan>
使用组件扫描器省去在spring容器配置每个controller类的繁琐。使用<context:component-scan/>自动扫描标记@Controller的控制类。
3.4 部署调试
访问:http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC/jyqueryItems.action
注意:在测试过程中单个配置注解的Handler运行没有问题,在配置组件扫描器运行时,启动Tomcat报错:
严重: Context initialization failed
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
at org.springframework.asm.ClassReader.<init>(Unknown Source)
at org.springframework.asm.ClassReader.<init>(Unknown Source)
at org.springframework.asm.ClassReader.<init>(Unknown Source)
at org.springframework.core.type.classreading.SimpleMetadataReader.<init>(SimpleMetadataReader.java:52)
at org.springframework.core.type.classreading.SimpleMetadataReaderFactory.getMetadataReader(SimpleMetadataReaderFactory.java:80)
at org.springframework.core.type.classreading.CachingMetadataReaderFactory.getMetadataReader(CachingMetadataReaderFactory.java:101)
at org.springframework.core.type.classreading.SimpleMetadataReaderFactory.getMetadataReader(SimpleMetadataReaderFactory.java:76)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.getImports(ConfigurationClassParser.java:298)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.getImports(ConfigurationClassParser.java:300)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.getImports(ConfigurationClassParser.java:300)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.doProcessConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClassParser.java:230)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.processConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClassParser.java:153)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.parse(ConfigurationClassParser.java:130)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.processConfigBeanDefinitions(ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.java:285)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.java:223)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(AbstractApplicationContext.java:630)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:461)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:647)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:598)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:661)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:517)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:458)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:138)
at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:158)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.initServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1284)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1197)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.load(StandardWrapper.java:1087)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.loadOnStartup(StandardContext.java:5266)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5554)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:652)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:1258)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDirectory.run(HostConfig.java:1918)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
六月 14, 2017 4:43:03 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
严重: StandardWrapper.Throwable
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
at org.springframework.asm.ClassReader.<init>(Unknown Source)
at org.springframework.asm.ClassReader.<init>(Unknown Source)
at org.springframework.asm.ClassReader.<init>(Unknown Source)
at org.springframework.core.type.classreading.SimpleMetadataReader.<init>(SimpleMetadataReader.java:52)
at org.springframework.core.type.classreading.SimpleMetadataReaderFactory.getMetadataReader(SimpleMetadataReaderFactory.java:80)
at org.springframework.core.type.classreading.CachingMetadataReaderFactory.getMetadataReader(CachingMetadataReaderFactory.java:101)
at org.springframework.core.type.classreading.SimpleMetadataReaderFactory.getMetadataReader(SimpleMetadataReaderFactory.java:76)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.getImports(ConfigurationClassParser.java:298)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.getImports(ConfigurationClassParser.java:300)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.getImports(ConfigurationClassParser.java:300)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.doProcessConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClassParser.java:230)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.processConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClassParser.java:153)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.parse(ConfigurationClassParser.java:130)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.processConfigBeanDefinitions(ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.java:285)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.java:223)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(AbstractApplicationContext.java:630)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:461)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:647)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:598)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:661)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:517)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:458)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:138)
at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:158)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.initServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1284)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1197)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.load(StandardWrapper.java:1087)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.loadOnStartup(StandardContext.java:5266)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5554)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:652)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:1258)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDirectory.run(HostConfig.java:1918)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
六月 14, 2017 4:43:03 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext loadOnStartup
严重: Servlet [springmvc] in web application [/SpringMVC] threw load() exception
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
at org.springframework.asm.ClassReader.<init>(Unknown Source)
at org.springframework.asm.ClassReader.<init>(Unknown Source)
at org.springframework.asm.ClassReader.<init>(Unknown Source)
at org.springframework.core.type.classreading.SimpleMetadataReader.<init>(SimpleMetadataReader.java:52)
at org.springframework.core.type.classreading.SimpleMetadataReaderFactory.getMetadataReader(SimpleMetadataReaderFactory.java:80)
at org.springframework.core.type.classreading.CachingMetadataReaderFactory.getMetadataReader(CachingMetadataReaderFactory.java:101)
at org.springframework.core.type.classreading.SimpleMetadataReaderFactory.getMetadataReader(SimpleMetadataReaderFactory.java:76)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.getImports(ConfigurationClassParser.java:298)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.getImports(ConfigurationClassParser.java:300)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.getImports(ConfigurationClassParser.java:300)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.doProcessConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClassParser.java:230)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.processConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClassParser.java:153)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.parse(ConfigurationClassParser.java:130)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.processConfigBeanDefinitions(ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.java:285)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.java:223)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(AbstractApplicationContext.java:630)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:461)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:647)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:598)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:661)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:517)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:458)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:138)
at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:158)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.initServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1284)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1197)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.load(StandardWrapper.java:1087)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.loadOnStartup(StandardContext.java:5266)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5554)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:652)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:1258)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDirectory.run(HostConfig.java:1918)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
原因是:我的Tomcat的jdk是1.8,项目的jdk版本是1.7,两者不一样造成的。记得要统一版本!
4.前端控制器源码分析
通过前端控制器源码分析springmvc的执行过程。
第一步:前端控制器接收请求
调用doDispatch
第二步:前端控制器调用处理器映射器查找Handler
第三步:调用处理器适配器执行Handler,得到执行结果ModeAndView
第四步:视图渲染,将model数据填充到request域。
视图解析,得到view:
调用view的渲染方法,将model数据填充到request域。
渲染方法:
5.视图解析器配置前缀和后缀
springmvc.xml中:
<!-- 配置视图解析器
解析jsp视图,默认使用jstl标签,所有classpath下得有jstl的包
-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!--配置jsp路径的前缀 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<!--配置jsp路径的后缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
程序中不用指定前缀和后缀:
//指定视图
// modelAndView.setViewName("/WEB-INF/jsp/items/itemsList.jsp");
//下边的路径,如果在视图解析器中配置jsp路径的前缀和jsp路径的后缀,修改为
modelAndView.setViewName("items/itemsList");