最近一直在学习自定义控件,搜了许多大牛们Blog里分享的小教程,也上GitHub找了一些类似的控件进行学习。发现读起来都不太好懂,就想写这么一篇东西作为学习笔记吧。
一、控件介绍:
进度条在App中非常常见,例如下载进度、加载图片、打开文章、打开网页等等……都需要这么一个效果让用户知道我们的App正在读取,以构造良好 的交互。如果没有这样一个效果的话,用户没法知道东西有没有下载好、图片加载了没有、文章打开了没……会让用户很不爽。基于这样的情景我们的UI设计师们 创造了这样一个控件。
二、这篇文章会涉及的知识点:
跟我一样刚入门的Android菜鸟们,我推荐大家先了解一下这些知识点再往下看。这些知识点我也会推荐一些博客给大家看看,更推荐大家看文档里的解释,当然大牛们可以直接无视……
1、ClipDrawable类:能够对一个drawable类进行剪切操作(即只显示某一部分的区域,另一部分隐藏),显示多大的区域由level控制(level取值是0~10000)
【博客:http://blog.csdn.net/lonelyroamer/article/details/8244777】、没文档的可以在这看【http://www.apihome.cn/api/android/ClipDrawable.html】
2、自定义View:guolin大神的深入学习View四部曲
【 Android LayoutInflater原理分析,带你一步步深入了解View —— http://blog.csdn.net/guolin_blog/article/details/12921889】
【 Android视图绘制流程完全解析,带你一步步深入了解View —— http://blog.csdn.net/guolin_blog/article/details/16330267】
【 Android视图状态及重绘流程分析,带你一步步深入了解View —— http://blog.csdn.net/guolin_blog/article/details/17045157】
Android自定义View的实现方法,带你一步步深入了解View ——
http://blog.csdn.net/guolin_blog/article/details/17357967】
3、没看过我写的:Android自定义控件——老版优酷三级菜单的话,或许需要看看这个:
【RotateAnimation详解——】
三、Android上的实现方式:
(前三种方法比较简单,第四种方法是GitHub项目的解析,对前三种没兴趣可以直接跳到后边……)
1、效果图:
将进度条的变换过程分解为一帧一帧的图片,将这些一帧一帧的图片连起来构成一个动画。常用于:手机阅读网页、逛社区时,加载图片、文章等不需要清楚知道加载进度,但是需要知道是否进行加载的情景。
这种方法实现可以通过创建一个animation-list的XML文件,然后给系统API提供的ProgressBar的indeterminateDrawable属性就可以了。(这个属性应该是类似于设置一个动画吧……)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <animation-list xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:oneshot="false" > <item android:duration="150" > <clip android:clipOrientation="horizontal" android:drawable="@drawable/loading_01" android:gravity="left"/> </item> <item android:duration="150" > <clip android:clipOrientation="horizontal" android:drawable="@drawable/loading_02" android:gravity="left"/> </item> <item android:duration="150" > <clip android:clipOrientation="horizontal" android:drawable="@drawable/loading_03" android:gravity="left"/> </item> <item android:duration="150" > <clip android:clipOrientation="horizontal" android:drawable="@drawable/loading_04" android:gravity="left"/> </item> <item android:duration="150" > <clip android:clipOrientation="horizontal" android:drawable="@drawable/loading_05" android:gravity="left"/> </item> <item android:duration="150" > <clip android:clipOrientation="horizontal" android:drawable="@drawable/loading_06" android:gravity="left"/> </item> <item android:duration="150" > <clip android:clipOrientation="horizontal" android:drawable="@drawable/loading_07" android:gravity="left"/> </item> <item android:duration="150" > <clip android:clipOrientation="horizontal" android:drawable="@drawable/loading_08" android:gravity="left"/> </item> <item android:duration="150" > <clip android:clipOrientation="horizontal" android:drawable="@drawable/loading_09" android:gravity="left"/> </item> <item android:duration="150" > <clip android:clipOrientation="horizontal" android:drawable="@drawable/loading_10" android:gravity="left"/> </item> <item android:duration="150" > <clip android:clipOrientation="horizontal" android:drawable="@drawable/loading_11" android:gravity="left"/> </item> <item android:duration="150" > <clip android:clipOrientation="horizontal" android:drawable="@drawable/loading_12" android:gravity="left"/> </item> </animation-list>
<ProgressBar android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:indeterminateDrawable="@drawable/progressbar1" />
2 、效果图:
在上一篇有关自定义控件的博客里我们使用了一个RotateAnimation类来实现旋转效果 (http://blog.csdn.net/u012403246/article/details/41309161),其实,我们在这里也可以把一 张图片,通过旋转,达到我们要的效果。本质上和上一种方法没多大区别。
我们只需要创建一个rotate的XML,对其属性进行一些简单的设置,然后加入我们要用的图片就可以了。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <rotate xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:pivotX="50%" android:pivotY="50%" android:fromDegrees="0" android:toDegrees="360" android:interpolator="@android:anim/accelerate_decelerate_interpolator" > <bitmap android:antialias="true" android:filter="true" android:src="@drawable/loading_360"/> </rotate>
<ProgressBar android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:indeterminateDrawable="@drawable/progressbar2"/>
3、效果图:
我们可以弄两张照片,第一张是纯黑色的,然后把这张照片中心挖一个圆出来,圆区域弄成白色,挖出来的圆弄成第二张照片。我们不妨叠加显示两张照片,刚开始把第二张完全“遮住”,随着加载进度的增加,我们减少遮住的区域把第二张照片慢慢的显示出来。
Android 上刚好就有这么一个ClipDrawable类,能够实现剪裁的过程。我们来看看怎么通过这样的方式自定义一个进度条控件。
public class MyProgressBar extends FrameLayout{ private boolean running; private int progress = 0; private static final int MAX_PROGRESS = 10000; private ClipDrawable clip; private Handler handler = new Handler(){ @Override public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) { if(msg.what == 0x123) clip.setLevel(progress); } }; public MyProgressBar(Context context){ this(context,null,0); } public MyProgressBar(Context context,AttributeSet attrs){ this(context,null,0); } public MyProgressBar(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) { super(context, attrs, defStyle); Init(context); } public void Init(Context context){ View view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.view, null); ImageView iv = (ImageView)view.findViewById(R.id.progress_img); addView(view); clip = (ClipDrawable)iv.getDrawable(); Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { running = true; while(running){ handler.sendEmptyMessage(0x123); if(progress == MAX_PROGRESS) progress = 0; progress += 100; try { Thread.sleep(18); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }); thread.start(); } public void stop(){ progress = 0; running = false; } }
通过代码我们可以看到,逻辑非常简单,关键就在于ClipDrawable的setLevel()方法,这个是设置剪裁效果的。
4、效果图:
实现一个View的子类——Progress Wheel类,实现进度条效果。具体的内容我都写在了注释上,如果不了解自定义控件的知识,可以去阅读guolin博客里自定义View四部曲的讲解,讲的挺好的。
代码 :
public class ProgressWheel extends View { //绘制View用到的各种长、宽带大小 private int layout_height = 0; private int layout_width = 0; private int fullRadius = 100; private int circleRadius = 80; private int barLength = 60; private int barWidth = 20; private int rimWidth = 20; private int textSize = 20; private float contourSize = 0; //与页边的间距 private int paddingTop = 5; private int paddingBottom = 5; private int paddingLeft = 5; private int paddingRight = 5; //View要绘制的颜色 private int barColor = 0xAA000000; private int contourColor = 0xAA000000; private int circleColor = 0x00000000; private int rimColor = 0xAADDDDDD; private int textColor = 0xFF000000; //绘制要用的画笔 private Paint barPaint = new Paint(); private Paint circlePaint = new Paint(); private Paint rimPaint = new Paint(); private Paint textPaint = new Paint(); private Paint contourPaint = new Paint(); //绘制要用的矩形 @SuppressWarnings("unused") private RectF rectBounds = new RectF(); private RectF circleBounds = new RectF(); private RectF circleOuterContour = new RectF(); private RectF circleInnerContour = new RectF(); //动画 //每次绘制要移动的像素数目 private int spinSpeed = 2; //绘制过程的时间间隔 private int delayMillis = 0; int progress = 0; boolean isSpinning = false; //其他 private String text = ""; private String[] splitText = {}; /** * ProgressWheel的构造方法 * * @param context * @param attrs */ public ProgressWheel(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); parseAttributes(context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.ProgressWheel)); } //---------------------------------- //初始化一些元素 //---------------------------------- /* * 调用这个方法时,使View绘制为方形 * From: http://www.jayway.com/2012/12/12/creating-custom-android-views-part-4-measuring-and-how-to-force-a-view-to-be-square/ * */ @Override protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { // 首先我们要调用超类的onMeasure借口 // 原因是我们自己去实现一个方法获得长度、宽度太麻烦了 // 使用超类的的方法非常方便而且让复杂的细节可控 super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec); // 在这里我们不能使用getWidth()和getHeight()。 // 因为这两个方法只能在View的布局完成后才能使用,而一个View的绘制过程是先绘制元素,再绘制Layout // 所以我们必须使用getMeasuredWidth()和getMeasuredHeight() int size = 0; int width = getMeasuredWidth(); int height = getMeasuredHeight(); int widthWithoutPadding = width - getPaddingLeft() - getPaddingRight(); int heigthWithoutPadding = height - getPaddingTop() - getPaddingBottom(); // 最后我们用一些简单的逻辑去计算View的大小并调用setMeasuredDimension()去设置View的大小 // 在比较View的长宽前我们不考虑间距,但当我们设置View所需要绘制的面积时,我们要考虑它 // 不考虑间距的View(View内的实际画面)此时就应该是方形的,但是由于间距的存在,最终View所占的面积可能不是方形的 if (widthWithoutPadding > heigthWithoutPadding) { size = heigthWithoutPadding; } else { size = widthWithoutPadding; } // 如果你重写了onMeasure()方法,你必须调用setMeasuredDimension()方法 // 这是你设置View大小的唯一途径 // 如果你不调用setMeasuredDimension()方法,父控件会抛出异常,并且程序会崩溃 // 如果我们使用了超类的onMeasure()方法,我们就不是那么需要setMeasuredDimension()方法 // 然而,重写onMeasure()方法是为了改变既有的绘制流程,所以我们必须调用setMeasuredDimension()方法以达到我们的目的 setMeasuredDimension(size + getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight(), size + getPaddingTop() + getPaddingBottom()); } /** * 使用onSizeChanged方法代替onAttachedToWindow获得View的面积 * 因为这个方法会在测量了MATCH_PARENT和WRAP_CONTENT后马上被调用 * 使用获得的面积设置View */ @Override protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) { super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh); // Share the dimensions layout_width = w; layout_height = h; setupBounds(); setupPaints(); invalidate(); } /** * 设置我们想要绘制的progress wheel的颜色 */ private void setupPaints() { barPaint.setColor(barColor); barPaint.setAntiAlias(true); barPaint.setStyle(Style.STROKE); barPaint.setStrokeWidth(barWidth); rimPaint.setColor(rimColor); rimPaint.setAntiAlias(true); rimPaint.setStyle(Style.STROKE); rimPaint.setStrokeWidth(rimWidth); circlePaint.setColor(circleColor); circlePaint.setAntiAlias(true); circlePaint.setStyle(Style.FILL); textPaint.setColor(textColor); textPaint.setStyle(Style.FILL); textPaint.setAntiAlias(true); textPaint.setTextSize(textSize); contourPaint.setColor(contourColor); contourPaint.setAntiAlias(true); contourPaint.setStyle(Style.STROKE); contourPaint.setStrokeWidth(contourSize); } /** * 设置元素的边界 */ private void setupBounds() { // 为了保持宽度和长度的一致,我们要获得layout_width和layout_height中较小的一个,从而绘制一个圆 int minValue = Math.min(layout_width, layout_height); // 计算在绘制过程中在x,y方向的偏移量 int xOffset = layout_width - minValue; int yOffset = layout_height - minValue; // 间距加上偏移量 paddingTop = this.getPaddingTop() + (yOffset / 2); paddingBottom = this.getPaddingBottom() + (yOffset / 2); paddingLeft = this.getPaddingLeft() + (xOffset / 2); paddingRight = this.getPaddingRight() + (xOffset / 2); int width = getWidth(); //this.getLayoutParams().width; int height = getHeight(); //this.getLayoutParams().height; rectBounds = new RectF(paddingLeft, paddingTop, width - paddingRight, height - paddingBottom); circleBounds = new RectF(paddingLeft + barWidth, paddingTop + barWidth, width - paddingRight - barWidth, height - paddingBottom - barWidth); circleInnerContour = new RectF(circleBounds.left + (rimWidth / 2.0f) + (contourSize / 2.0f), circleBounds.top + (rimWidth / 2.0f) + (contourSize / 2.0f), circleBounds.right - (rimWidth / 2.0f) - (contourSize / 2.0f), circleBounds.bottom - (rimWidth / 2.0f) - (contourSize / 2.0f)); circleOuterContour = new RectF(circleBounds.left - (rimWidth / 2.0f) - (contourSize / 2.0f), circleBounds.top - (rimWidth / 2.0f) - (contourSize / 2.0f), circleBounds.right + (rimWidth / 2.0f) + (contourSize / 2.0f), circleBounds.bottom + (rimWidth / 2.0f) + (contourSize / 2.0f)); fullRadius = (width - paddingRight - barWidth) / 2; circleRadius = (fullRadius - barWidth) + 1; } /** * 从XML中解析控件的属性 * * @param a the attributes to parse */ private void parseAttributes(TypedArray a) { barWidth = (int) a.getDimension(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_barWidth, barWidth); rimWidth = (int) a.getDimension(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_rimWidth, rimWidth); spinSpeed = (int) a.getDimension(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_spinSpeed, spinSpeed); delayMillis = a.getInteger(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_delayMillis, delayMillis); if (delayMillis < 0) { delayMillis = 0; } barColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_barColor, barColor); barLength = (int) a.getDimension(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_barLength, barLength); textSize = (int) a.getDimension(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_textSize, textSize); textColor = (int) a.getColor(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_textColor, textColor); //如果text是空的,就无视它 if (a.hasValue(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_text)) { setText(a.getString(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_text)); } rimColor = (int) a.getColor(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_rimColor, rimColor); circleColor = (int) a.getColor(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_circleColor, circleColor); contourColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_contourColor, contourColor); contourSize = a.getDimension(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_contourSize, contourSize); // 使用TypedArray获得控件属性时必须要注意:使用结束后必须回收TypedArray的对象 a.recycle(); } //---------------------------------- //动画 //---------------------------------- protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { super.onDraw(canvas); //绘制内圆 canvas.drawArc(circleBounds, 360, 360, false, circlePaint); //绘制边界 canvas.drawArc(circleBounds, 360, 360, false, rimPaint); canvas.drawArc(circleOuterContour, 360, 360, false, contourPaint); canvas.drawArc(circleInnerContour, 360, 360, false, contourPaint); //绘制条纹 if (isSpinning) { canvas.drawArc(circleBounds, progress - 90, barLength, false, barPaint); } else { canvas.drawArc(circleBounds, -90, progress, false, barPaint); } //绘制我们想要设置的文字 (并让它显示在圆水平和垂直方向的中心处) float textHeight = textPaint.descent() - textPaint.ascent(); float verticalTextOffset = (textHeight / 2) - textPaint.descent(); for (String s : splitText) { float horizontalTextOffset = textPaint.measureText(s) / 2; canvas.drawText(s, this.getWidth() / 2 - horizontalTextOffset, this.getHeight() / 2 + verticalTextOffset, textPaint); } if (isSpinning) { scheduleRedraw(); } } private void scheduleRedraw() { progress += spinSpeed; if (progress > 360) { progress = 0; } postInvalidateDelayed(delayMillis); } /** * 判断wheel是否在旋转 */ public boolean isSpinning() { if(isSpinning){ return true; } else { return false; } } /** * 重设进度条的值 */ public void resetCount() { progress = 0; setText("0%"); invalidate(); } /** * 停止进度条的旋转 */ public void stopSpinning() { isSpinning = false; progress = 0; postInvalidate(); } /** * 让进度条开启旋转模式 */ public void spin() { isSpinning = true; postInvalidate(); } /** * 让进度条每次增加1(最大值为360) */ public void incrementProgress() { isSpinning = false; progress++; if (progress > 360) progress = 0; setText(Math.round(((float) progress / 360) * 100) + "%"); postInvalidate(); } /** * 设置进度条为一个确切的数值 */ public void setProgress(int i) { isSpinning = false; progress = i; postInvalidate(); } //---------------------------------- //get和set方法 //---------------------------------- /** * 设置progress bar的文字并不需要刷新View * * @param text the text to show ('\n' constitutes a new line) */ public void setText(String text) { this.text = text; splitText = this.text.split("\n"); } public int getCircleRadius() { return circleRadius; } public void setCircleRadius(int circleRadius) { this.circleRadius = circleRadius; } public int getBarLength() { return barLength; } public void setBarLength(int barLength) { this.barLength = barLength; } public int getBarWidth() { return barWidth; } public void setBarWidth(int barWidth) { this.barWidth = barWidth; if ( this.barPaint != null ) { this.barPaint.setStrokeWidth( this.barWidth ); } } public int getTextSize() { return textSize; } public void setTextSize(int textSize) { this.textSize = textSize; if ( this.textPaint != null ) { this.textPaint.setTextSize( this.textSize ); } } public int getPaddingTop() { return paddingTop; } public void setPaddingTop(int paddingTop) { this.paddingTop = paddingTop; } public int getPaddingBottom() { return paddingBottom; } public void setPaddingBottom(int paddingBottom) { this.paddingBottom = paddingBottom; } public int getPaddingLeft() { return paddingLeft; } public void setPaddingLeft(int paddingLeft) { this.paddingLeft = paddingLeft; } public int getPaddingRight() { return paddingRight; } public void setPaddingRight(int paddingRight) { this.paddingRight = paddingRight; } public int getBarColor() { return barColor; } public void setBarColor(int barColor) { this.barColor = barColor; if ( this.barPaint != null ) { this.barPaint.setColor( this.barColor ); } } public int getCircleColor() { return circleColor; } public void setCircleColor(int circleColor) { this.circleColor = circleColor; if ( this.circlePaint != null ) { this.circlePaint.setColor( this.circleColor); } } public int getRimColor() { return rimColor; } public void setRimColor(int rimColor) { this.rimColor = rimColor; if ( this.rimPaint != null ) { this.rimPaint.setColor( this.rimColor ); } } public Shader getRimShader() { return rimPaint.getShader(); } public void setRimShader(Shader shader) { this.rimPaint.setShader(shader); } public int getTextColor() { return textColor; } public void setTextColor(int textColor) { this.textColor = textColor; if ( this.textPaint != null ) { this.textPaint.setColor( this.textColor ); } } public int getSpinSpeed() { return spinSpeed; } public void setSpinSpeed(int spinSpeed) { this.spinSpeed = spinSpeed; } public int getRimWidth() { return rimWidth; } public void setRimWidth(int rimWidth) { this.rimWidth = rimWidth; if ( this.rimPaint != null ) { this.rimPaint.setStrokeWidth( this.rimWidth ); } } public int getDelayMillis() { return delayMillis; } public void setDelayMillis(int delayMillis) { this.delayMillis = delayMillis; } public int getContourColor() { return contourColor; } public void setContourColor(int contourColor) { this.contourColor = contourColor; if ( contourPaint != null ) { this.contourPaint.setColor( this.contourColor ); } } public float getContourSize() { return this.contourSize; } public void setContourSize(float contourSize) { this.contourSize = contourSize; if ( contourPaint != null ) { this.contourPaint.setStrokeWidth( this.contourSize ); } } }
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作者:oooo呼呼
来源:CNBLOGS
原文:https://www.cnblogs.com/wangying222/p/5304990.html
版权声明:本文为作者原创文章,转载请附上博文链接!