1.主窗体管理
(1)namedWindow(win, flag=1)=void●destroyWindow(win)=void●destroyAllWindows()=void
1)flag=WINDOW_NORMAL：尺寸可任意缩放且可全屏的窗体
2)flag=WINDOW_AUTOSIZE：尺寸固定为图像大小且不可全屏的窗体
3)flag=WINDOW_KEEPRATIO：尺寸可任意缩放且可全屏但长宽比例固定的窗体
4)flag=WINDOW_OPENGL：支持OpenGL的窗体
(2)moveWindow(win, x, y)=void●resizeWindow(win, w, h)=void●resizeWindow(win, size)=void
(3)getWindowImageRect(win)=rect●setWindowTitle(win, title)=void
1)x和y是窗体左上角在屏幕坐标系中的坐标，w和h是窗体的宽高
2)rect是窗体工作区(即图像)左上角在屏幕坐标系中的坐标和宽高
(4)setWindowProperty(win, key, val)=void●getWindowProperty(win, key)=val
1)key=WND_PROP_FULLSCREEN：取WINDOW_NORMAL或WINDOW_FULLSCREEN
2)key=WND_PROP_AUTOSIZE：取WINDOW_NORMAL或WINDOW_AUTOSIZE
3)key=WND_PROP_ASPECT_RATION：WINDOW_FREERATIO或WINDOW_KEEPRATIO
4)key=WND_PROP_OPENGL：未知
5)key=WND_PROP_VISIBLE：未知
2.事件循环
(1)imshow(win, ima)=void●imshow(win, texture2D)=void：显示图像或二维纹理
(2)waitKey(delay=0)=int●waitKeyEx(delay=0)=int：后者返回完整键码(值与系统相关)
(3)loadWindowParameters()=void：加载备份的主窗体属性及其所有子窗体属性
(4)saveWindowParameters()=void：备份主窗体属性及其所有子窗体属性到内存
(5)startWindowThread()=int：功能未知
(6)startLoop(Fun, argc, argv)=int●stopLop()=void：对QtConcurrent::run的封装
3.工作区管理
(1)displayStatusBar(win, str, delay=0)=void：在状态栏左侧显示指定毫秒(0无限)
(2)displayOverlay(win, str, delay=0)=void：在工作区顶部显示指定毫秒(0无限)当鼠标靠近
(3)fontQt(fontName, pointSize=-1, color=Scalar::all(0), weight=~, style=~, spacing=0)=font
1)weight=QT_FONT_LIGHT、~NORMAL、~DEMIBOLD、~BOLD、~BLACK
2)style=QT_STYLE_NORMAL、~ITALIC、~OBLIQUE
(4)selectROI(ima, showCrosschair=true, formCenter=false)=rect
(5)selectROI(win, ima, showCrosschair=true, fromCenter=false)=rect
(6)selectROIs(win, ima, rects, ~)=void●addText(ima, str, pt, font)=void
1)绘制ima到窗体并等待鼠标操作，鼠标右键按下与释放可绘制矩形
2)showCrosschair为真绘制田字矩形，fromCenter为真绘制起点是矩形中心
3)selectROI按enter/space/esc返回绘制的矩形，按c退出并返回空矩形
4)selectROIs按enter/space进行下一次绘制，按esc退出绘制
4.事件交互
(1)setMouseCallback(win, cbMouse, usrdata=0)=void●getMouseWheelDelta(wheelFlag)=int
1)回调函数形式：void cbMouse(eventType, x, y, eventFlag, usrdata){}
2)eventType取值：event_mousemove/event_mousewheel/event_mousehwheel
3)eventType取值：event_lbuttondown/event_lbuttonup/event_lbuttondblclk
4)eventType取值：event_rbuttondown/event_rbuttonup/event_rbuttondblclk
5)eventType取值：event_mbuttondown/event_mbuttonup/event_mbuttondblclk
6)eventFlag取值：event_flag_lbutton/event_flag_rbutton/event_flag_mbutton
7)eventFlag取值：event_flag_ctrlkey/event_flag_shiftkey/event_flag_altkey
8)wheelFlag取值：仅响应event_mousewheel和event_mousehwheel事件
(2)createTrackbar(bar, win, bindVar, maxVal, cbTracker=0, usrdata=0)=int
(3)setTrackbarMin(bar, win,val)=void●setTrackbarMax(bar, win, val)=void
(4)setTrackbarPos(bar, win, val)=void●getTrackbarPos(bar, win)=int
1)回调函数形式：void cbTracker(val, usrdata) {}
2)最简使用方式：绑定变量是随跟踪条实时更新的，若无复杂操作则不用提供回调函数
3)按需使用方式：在需要时再由getTrackbarPos获取跟踪条的当前值
(5)createButton(bar, cbButton, usrdata=0, btnType=QT_PUSH_BUTTON, state=false)
1)回调函数形式：void cbButton(state, usrdata)
2)btnType取值：qt_push_button/qt_checkbox/qt_radiobox + qt_new_buttonbar
3)单选按分组：同一行的单选按钮归为同一组，即同一行的单选按键互斥
(6)回调函数的lambda问题：用lambda似乎捕获参数只能为空，但可直接访问外部静态变量
5.立体显示
(1)setOpenGlContext(win)=void●updateWindow(win)=void
(2)setOpenGlDrawCallback(win, cbGlDraw, usrdata)=void
1)回调函数形式：void cbGlDraw(usrdata)=void
2)使用注意事项：首先要设置窗体支持OpenGL，否则setOpenGLContext会异常。
3)使用基本流程：参见对应样例代码。这几个函数难以完成立体交互，需用viz模块。
6.使用样例
以下提供OpenCV GUI模块的使用样例，封装在类AboutOpenCVGUI，实现功能如下：
(1)模拟使用selectROI和selectROIs，在图像上选择感知兴趣的区域并按相应的键退出后，终端将显示选择的区域。
(2)模拟使用setWindowTitle、displayStatusBar及displayOverlay，可在窗口相应处观察到相应的文字且在动态变化，按q退出。
(3)模拟使用setMouseCallback、createTracker、createButton，可单击右上角的扫帚打开子窗口查看创建的控制。
以下是详细代码，依赖于C++14、OpenCV4.x和Spdlog。
1 #include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
2 #include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
3 using namespace std;
4 using namespace cv;
5
6 #ifndef StrPairKey
7 #define StrPairKey(key) make_pair(#key, key)
8 #define StrPairVal(val) make_pair(val, #val)
9 #endif
10
11 class AboutOpenCVGUI
12 {
13 public:
14 struct MouseInfo
15 {
16 int rowsUser;//GivenByUser
17 int colsUser;//GivenByUser
18 MouseInfo(int rows = INT_MAX, int cols = INT_MAX) : rowsUser(rows), colsUser(cols) {}
19 int xMouse;//UpdatedByCbMouse
20 int yMouse;//UpdatedByCbMouse
21 int eventMouse;//UpdatedByCbMouse
22 int flagMouse;//UpdatedByCbMouse
23 const map<int, string> mouseEvents =
24 {
25 StrPairVal(EVENT_MOUSEMOVE),
26 StrPairVal(EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN),
27 StrPairVal(EVENT_RBUTTONDOWN),
28 StrPairVal(EVENT_MBUTTONDOWN),
29 StrPairVal(EVENT_LBUTTONUP),
30 StrPairVal(EVENT_RBUTTONUP),
31 StrPairVal(EVENT_MBUTTONUP),
32 StrPairVal(EVENT_LBUTTONDBLCLK),
33 StrPairVal(EVENT_RBUTTONDBLCLK),
34 StrPairVal(EVENT_MBUTTONDBLCLK),
35 StrPairVal(EVENT_MOUSEWHEEL),
36 StrPairVal(EVENT_MOUSEHWHEEL)
37 };
38 const map<int, string> mouseFlags =
39 {
40 StrPairVal(EVENT_FLAG_LBUTTON),
41 StrPairVal(EVENT_FLAG_RBUTTON),
42 StrPairVal(EVENT_FLAG_MBUTTON),
43 StrPairVal(EVENT_FLAG_CTRLKEY),
44 StrPairVal(EVENT_FLAG_SHIFTKEY),
45 StrPairVal(EVENT_FLAG_ALTKEY)
46 };
47 };
48
49 static void callbackMouse(int event, int x, int y, int flag, void* pMouseInfo)
50 { //common case. could be replaced by lambda based on actual requirement
51 MouseInfo* mouseInfo = (MouseInfo*)pMouseInfo;
52
53 if (x >= mouseInfo->colsUser * 3) x -= mouseInfo->colsUser * 3;
54 else if (x >= mouseInfo->colsUser * 2) x -= mouseInfo->colsUser * 2;
55 else if (x >= mouseInfo->colsUser) x -= mouseInfo->colsUser;
56
57 if (y >= mouseInfo->rowsUser * 3) y -= mouseInfo->rowsUser * 3;
58 else if (y >= mouseInfo->rowsUser * 2) y -= mouseInfo->rowsUser * 2;
59 else if (y >= mouseInfo->rowsUser) y -= mouseInfo->rowsUser;
60
61 mouseInfo->xMouse = x;
62 mouseInfo->yMouse = y;
63 mouseInfo->eventMouse = event;
64 mouseInfo->flagMouse = flag;
65 }
66
67 public:
68 static void testBasicGUI(int argc = 0, char** argv = 0)
69 {
70 Mat_<Vec3b> ima(720, 1280, Vec3b(128, 128, 128));
71
72 //1.AboutSelectROI
73 string tips1 = "cv::selectROI: press enter/space/esc to return selected rect, press c to return invalid rect.";
74 string tips2 = "cv::selectROIs: press enter/space to select next rect, press esc to return all selected rects.";
75 string tips3 = "current mode: cv::selectROIs";
76 auto exitFunction = [](Mat ima, string str)->void { putText(ima, "Current Test: " + str, Point(ima.cols >> 2, ima.rows - 100), FONT_HERSHEY_PLAIN, 3, Scalar(255, 0, 0), 3, LINE_8, false); };
77 putText(ima, tips1, Point(10, 100), FONT_HERSHEY_PLAIN, 1.5, Scalar(255, 255, 255), 2, LINE_8, false);
78 putText(ima, tips2, Point(10, 200), FONT_HERSHEY_PLAIN, 1.5, Scalar(255, 255, 255), 2, LINE_8, false);
79 putText(ima, tips3, Point(10, 300), FONT_HERSHEY_PLAIN, 1.5, Scalar(255, 255, 255), 2, LINE_8, false);
80 exitFunction(ima, "selectROI"); Rect rect = cv::selectROI(__FUNCTION__, ima, true, false);
81 spdlog::info(fmt::format("selectROI results: {} {} {} {}", rect.x, rect.y, rect.width, rect.height));
82 exitFunction(ima, "selectROIs"); vector<Rect> rects; cv::selectROIs(__FUNCTION__, ima, rects, true, false);
83 for(size_t k = 0; k < rects.size(); ++k) spdlog::info(fmt::format("selectROIs results{}: {} {} {} {}", k, rects[k].x, rects[k].y, rects[k].width, rects[k].height));
84
85 //2.AboutTipFunctions
86 cv::setWindowProperty(__FUNCTION__, 1, 0);//__FUNCTION__ window has created but fixed size.
87 for (int k = 0; ; ++k)
88 {
89 ima = Vec3b(128, 128, 128);
90
91 tips1 = std::to_string(k) + string(" cv::setWindowTitle: show tips in the title bar until next tip is reached");
92 tips2 = std::to_string(k) + string(" cv::displayStatusBar: show tips in the status bar until given time or next tip is reached");
93 tips3 = std::to_string(k) + string(" cv::displayOverlay: show tips at the top of the workarea until given time or next tip is reached when mouse hovers");
94 putText(ima, tips1, Point(10, 100), FONT_HERSHEY_PLAIN, 1.5, Scalar(255, 255, 255), 2, LINE_8, false);
95 putText(ima, tips2, Point(10, 200), FONT_HERSHEY_PLAIN, 1.5, Scalar(255, 255, 255), 2, LINE_8, false);
96 putText(ima, tips3, Point(10, 300), FONT_HERSHEY_PLAIN, 1.5, Scalar(255, 255, 255), 2, LINE_8, false);
97 exitFunction(ima, "TipsFunction");
98
99 cv::imshow(__FUNCTION__, ima);
100 cv::setWindowTitle(__FUNCTION__, tips1);
101 cv::displayStatusBar(__FUNCTION__, tips2, 2000);
102 cv::displayOverlay(__FUNCTION__, tips3, 2000);
103 if (cv::waitKey(4000) == 'q') break;
104 }
105
106 //3.AboutControls
107 ima = Vec3b(128, 128, 128);
108 MouseInfo mouseInfo(ima.rows, ima.cols); cv::setMouseCallback(__FUNCTION__, callbackMouse, &mouseInfo);
109 int value = 128; cv::createTrackbar("tracker", __FUNCTION__, &value, 255, 0, 0);
110 auto cbButton = [](int state, void* usrdata)->void
111 {
112 string* str = (string*)usrdata;
113 if (str->find_first_of(':') == string::npos) *str += string(": ") + std::to_string(state);
114 else *str = str->substr(0, str->find_first_of(':')) + string(": ") + std::to_string(state);
115 };
116 string radioNames[8]; for (int k = 0; k < 8; ++k) cv::createButton(radioNames[k] = string("RadioBox") + std::to_string(k + 1), cbButton, radioNames + k, QT_RADIOBOX | (k == 0 || k == 4 ? QT_NEW_BUTTONBAR : 0));
117 string checkNames[8]; for (int k = 0; k < 8; ++k) cv::createButton(checkNames[k] = string("CheckBox") + std::to_string(k + 1), cbButton, checkNames + k, QT_CHECKBOX | (k == 0 || k == 4 ? QT_NEW_BUTTONBAR : 0));
118 string pushNames[8]; for (int k = 0; k < 8; ++k) cv::createButton(pushNames[k] = string("PushButton") + std::to_string(k + 1), cbButton, pushNames + k, QT_PUSH_BUTTON | (k == 0 || k == 4 ? QT_NEW_BUTTONBAR : 0));
119 string winName = __FUNCTION__;
120 cv::createButton("PushButtonAccept", [](int state, void* usrdata)->void {cv::setWindowTitle(*((string*)usrdata), "PushButtonAccept"); }, &winName, QT_PUSH_BUTTON | QT_NEW_BUTTONBAR);
121 cv::createButton("PushButtonCancel", [](int state, void* usrdata)->void {cv::setWindowTitle(*((string*)usrdata), "PushButtonCancel"); }, &winName, QT_PUSH_BUTTON | QT_NEW_BUTTONBAR);
122 while (1)
123 {
124 ima = Vec3b(value, value, value);
125 for (int k = 0; k < 8; ++k) putText(ima, radioNames[k], Point(100 + k % 4 * 250, 100 + k / 4 * 100), FONT_HERSHEY_PLAIN, 1.5, Scalar(255, 255, 255), 2, LINE_8, false);
126 for (int k = 0; k < 8; ++k) putText(ima, checkNames[k], Point(100 + k % 4 * 250, 300 + k / 4 * 100), FONT_HERSHEY_PLAIN, 1.5, Scalar(255, 255, 255), 2, LINE_8, false);
127 for (int k = 0; k < 8; ++k) putText(ima, pushNames[k], Point(100 + k % 4 * 250, 500 + k / 4 * 100), FONT_HERSHEY_PLAIN, 1.5, Scalar(255, 255, 255), 2, LINE_8, false);
128
129 cv::displayOverlay(__FUNCTION__, string("x: ") + std::to_string(mouseInfo.xMouse) + " y: " + std::to_string(mouseInfo.yMouse), 0);
130 exitFunction(ima, "Controls");
131 cv::imshow(__FUNCTION__, ima);
132 if (cv::waitKey(40) == 'q') break;
133 }
134 }
135
136 };
137
138 int main(int argc, char** argv) { AboutOpenCVGUI::testBasicGUI(argc, argv); return 0; }
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