【DB宝45】MySQL高可用之MGR+Consul架构部署

2022-10-29 15:27:33

[toc]

一、MGR+Consul架构简介

基于目前存在很多MySQL数据库单点故障，传统的MHA，PXC等方案用VIP或者DNS切换的方式可以实现、基于数据库的数据强一致性考虑，采用MGR集群，采用consul服务注册发现实现应用端通过动态DNS 访问MGR集群，实现数据库高可用，自动化切换的方案。

有关MGR之前发布过几篇文章，连接如下：

【DB宝18】在Docker中安装使用MySQL高可用之MGR

【DB宝35】使用MySQL 8.0 克隆(clone)插件快速添加MGR节点

本次环境一共包括7台机器，其中3台做MySQL的MGR数据节点（其上也需要安装Consul，作为Consul Client），单主模式，还有3台做Consul Server集群，实现Consul的高可用，剩下一台做DNS服务器，用来解析MGR节点域名，规划如下表所示：

二、搭建MGR

2.1、申请3台MGR机器

-- 拉取镜像
docker pull lhrbest/lhrcentos76:8.0
-- 创建专用网络
docker network create --subnet=192.168.68.0/16 mhalhr
docker network inspect mhalhr

-- 生成3台CentOS的环境
docker rm -f mysql8022mgr33060 mysql8022mgr33061 mysql8022mgr33062

docker run -d --name mysql8022mgr33060  -h lhrmgr60  \
--network mhalhr --ip 192.168.68.60 --privileged=true \
-p 33060:3306   \
-v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup \
lhrbest/lhrcentos76:8.0 init

docker run -d --name mysql8022mgr33061  -h lhrmgr61  \
--network mhalhr --ip 192.168.68.61 --privileged=true \
-p 33061:3306   \
-v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup \
lhrbest/lhrcentos76:8.0 init

docker run -d --name mysql8022mgr33062  -h lhrmgr62  \
--network mhalhr --ip 192.168.68.62 --privileged=true \
-p 33062:3306   \
-v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup \
lhrbest/lhrcentos76:8.0 init

-- 拷贝MySQL安装文件到MySQL容器内
docker cp mysql-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar mysql8022mgr33060:/
docker cp mysql-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar mysql8022mgr33061:/
docker cp mysql-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar mysql8022mgr33062:/

docker network connect bridge mysql8022mgr33060
docker network connect bridge mysql8022mgr33061
docker network connect bridge mysql8022mgr33062

docker restart  mysql8022mgr33060 mysql8022mgr33061 mysql8022mgr33062

2.2、3台主机安装MySQL环境

docker exec -it mysql8022mgr33060 bash
docker exec -it mysql8022mgr33061 bash
docker exec -it mysql8022mgr33062 bash

tar -xvf mysql-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
yum localinstall -y mysql-community-*.rpm

--去掉密码验证策略
mv /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/validate_password.so /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/validate_password.so_bk
mv /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/component_validate_password.so /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/component_validate_password.so_bk

-- 启动mysql
systemctl start mysqld
systemctl status mysqld

-- 修改密码
grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

mysql -uroot -p
alter user root@'localhost' identified with mysql_native_password by 'lhr';
grant all on *.* to root@'localhost' with grant option;
create user root@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by 'lhr';
grant all on *.* to root@'%' with grant option;
flush privileges;
select user,host,grant_priv,super_priv,authentication_string,password_last_changed from mysql.user;

2.3、修改MySQL参数

-- 节点1
cat > /etc/my.cnf <<"EOF"
[mysqld]
user=mysql
port=3306
character_set_server=utf8mb4
secure_file_priv=
server-id = 802233060
default-time-zone = '+8:00'
log_timestamps = SYSTEM
log-bin = 
binlog_format=row
binlog_checksum=NONE
skip-name-resolve
log_slave_updates = 1
gtid-mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=on
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
max_allowed_packet = 500M

master_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log=lhrmgr60-relay-bin

transaction_write_set_extraction=XXHASH64
loose-group_replication_group_name="aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa"
loose-group_replication_start_on_boot=OFF
loose-group_replication_local_address= "192.168.68.60:33061"
loose-group_replication_group_seeds= "192.168.68.60:33061,192.168.68.61:33061,192.168.68.62:33061"
loose-group_replication_bootstrap_group=OFF
loose-group_replication_ip_whitelist="192.168.68.60,192.168.68.61,192.168.68.62"

report_host=192.168.68.60
report_port=3306

EOF

-- 节点2
cat >  /etc/my.cnf <<"EOF"
[mysqld]
user=mysql
port=3306
character_set_server=utf8mb4
secure_file_priv=
server-id = 802233061
default-time-zone = '+8:00'
log_timestamps = SYSTEM
log-bin = 
binlog_format=row
binlog_checksum=NONE
log_slave_updates = 1
gtid-mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON
skip_name_resolve
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
max_allowed_packet = 500M

master_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log=lhrmgr61-relay-bin

transaction_write_set_extraction=XXHASH64
loose-group_replication_group_name="aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa"
loose-group_replication_start_on_boot=OFF
loose-group_replication_local_address= "192.168.68.61:33061"
loose-group_replication_group_seeds= "192.168.68.60:33061,192.168.68.61:33061,192.168.68.62:33061"
loose-group_replication_bootstrap_group=OFF
loose-group_replication_ip_whitelist="192.168.68.60,192.168.68.61,192.168.68.62"

report_host=192.168.68.61
report_port=3306

EOF

-- 节点3
cat > /etc/my.cnf <<"EOF"
[mysqld]
user=mysql
port=3306
character_set_server=utf8mb4
secure_file_priv=
server-id = 802233062
default-time-zone = '+8:00'
log_timestamps = SYSTEM
log-bin = 
binlog_format=row
binlog_checksum=NONE
log_slave_updates = 1
gtid-mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON
skip_name_resolve
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
max_allowed_packet = 500M

master_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log=lhrmgr62-relay-bin

transaction_write_set_extraction=XXHASH64
loose-group_replication_group_name="aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa"
loose-group_replication_start_on_boot=OFF
loose-group_replication_local_address= "192.168.68.62:33061"
loose-group_replication_group_seeds= "192.168.68.60:33061,192.168.68.61:33061,192.168.68.62:33061"
loose-group_replication_bootstrap_group=OFF
loose-group_replication_ip_whitelist="192.168.68.60,192.168.68.61,192.168.68.62"

report_host=192.168.68.62
report_port=3306

EOF

2.4、重启MySQL环境

-- 重启MySQL
systemctl restart mysqld

-- 进入MySQL
docker exec -it mysql8022mgr33060 bash
docker exec -it mysql8022mgr33060 mysql -uroot -plhr

-- 远程连接MySQL
mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.66.35 -P33060 
mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.66.35 -P33061 
mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.66.35 -P33062 

-- 查看MySQL日志
docker logs -f --tail 10 mysql8022mgr33060
docker logs -f --tail 10 mysql8022mgr33061
docker logs -f --tail 10 mysql8022mgr33062

-- 查看MySQL的主机名、server_id和server_uuid
mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.66.35 -P33060 -e "select @@hostname,@@server_id,@@server_uuid"
mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.66.35 -P33061 -e "select @@hostname,@@server_id,@@server_uuid"
mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.66.35 -P33062 -e "select @@hostname,@@server_id,@@server_uuid"

结果：

C:\Users\lhrxxt>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.66.35 -P33060 -e "select @@hostname,@@server_id,@@server_uuid"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+------------+-------------+--------------------------------------+
| @@hostname | @@server_id | @@server_uuid                        |
+------------+-------------+--------------------------------------+
| lhrmgr60   |   802233060 | 44c693d8-80bb-11eb-b4bb-0242c0a8443c |
+------------+-------------+--------------------------------------+

C:\Users\lhrxxt>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.66.35 -P33061 -e "select @@hostname,@@server_id,@@server_uuid"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+------------+-------------+--------------------------------------+
| @@hostname | @@server_id | @@server_uuid                        |
+------------+-------------+--------------------------------------+
| lhrmgr61   |   802233061 | 408acdb5-80bc-11eb-97a7-0242c0a8443d |
+------------+-------------+--------------------------------------+

C:\Users\lhrxxt>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.66.35 -P33062 -e "select @@hostname,@@server_id,@@server_uuid"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+------------+-------------+--------------------------------------+
| @@hostname | @@server_id | @@server_uuid                        |
+------------+-------------+--------------------------------------+
| lhrmgr62   |   802233062 | 9d5c3e3e-80bc-11eb-a0b2-0242c0a8443e |
+------------+-------------+--------------------------------------+

2.5、安装MGR插件（所有节点执行）

mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.66.35 -P33060

INSTALL PLUGIN group_replication SONAME 'group_replication.so';
-- 如果MySQL版本大于8.0.17，那么建议再安装clone插件
INSTALL PLUGIN clone SONAME 'mysql_clone.so';
show plugins;

2.6、设置复制账号

-- 在主库(192.168.68.60)上执行
CREATE USER repl@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'lhr';
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,BACKUP_ADMIN ON *.* TO repl@'%';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

-- 所有节点执行
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='lhr' FOR CHANNEL 'group_replication_recovery';

2.7、启动MGR，在主库(192.168.68.60)上执行

SET GLOBAL group_replication_bootstrap_group=ON;
START GROUP_REPLICATION;
SET GLOBAL group_replication_bootstrap_group=OFF;

-- 查看MGR组信息 
SELECT * FROM performance_schema.replication_group_members;

2.8、其他节点加入MGR，在从库（192.168.68.61，192.168.68.62）上执行

reset master;
START GROUP_REPLICATION;
-- 查看MGR组信息
SELECT * FROM performance_schema.replication_group_members;

执行结果：

MySQL [(none)]> SELECT * FROM performance_schema.replication_group_members;
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
| CHANNEL_NAME              | MEMBER_ID                            | MEMBER_HOST   | MEMBER_PORT | MEMBER_STATE | MEMBER_ROLE | MEMBER_VERSION |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
| group_replication_applier | 408acdb5-80bc-11eb-97a7-0242c0a8443d | 192.168.68.61 |        3306 | ONLINE       | SECONDARY   | 8.0.22         |
| group_replication_applier | 44c693d8-80bb-11eb-b4bb-0242c0a8443c | 192.168.68.60 |        3306 | ONLINE       | PRIMARY     | 8.0.22         |
| group_replication_applier | 9d5c3e3e-80bc-11eb-a0b2-0242c0a8443e | 192.168.68.62 |        3306 | ONLINE       | SECONDARY   | 8.0.22         |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.05 sec)

可以看到，3个节点状态为online，并且主节点为192.168.68.60，只有主节点可以写入，其他节点只读，MGR单主模式搭建成功。

2.9、测试同步

在主节点上执行以下命令，然后在其它节点查询：

create database lhrdb;
CREATE TABLE lhrdb.`tb1` (
 `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
 `hostname` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
 `server_id` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

insert into lhrdb.tb1(hostname,server_id) select @@hostname,@@server_id;
select * from lhrdb.tb1;

-- 3个节点查询出来的值一样
MySQL [(none)]> select * from lhrdb.tb1;
+----+----------+-----------+
| id | hostname | server_id |
+----+----------+-----------+
|  1 | lhrmgr60 | 802233060 |
+----+----------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.05 sec)

三、搭建Consul Server集群

3.1、申请3台Consul Server主机

docker rm -f lhrconsulmgr66  lhrconsulmgr67  lhrconsulmgr68

docker run -d --name lhrconsulmgr66 -h lhrconsulmgr66 \
  --net=mhalhr --ip 192.168.68.66 \
  -p 8566:8500 \
  -v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup \
  --privileged=true lhrbest/lhrcentos76:8.0 \
  /usr/sbin/init

docker run -d --name lhrconsulmgr67 -h lhrconsulmgr67 \
  --net=mhalhr --ip 192.168.68.67 \
  -p 8567:8500 \
  --privileged=true lhrbest/lhrcentos76:8.0 \
  /usr/sbin/init

docker run -d --name lhrconsulmgr68 -h lhrconsulmgr68 \
  --net=mhalhr --ip 192.168.68.68 \
  -p 8568:8500 \
  --privileged=true lhrbest/lhrcentos76:8.0 \
  /usr/sbin/init

docker cp consul_1.9.4_linux_amd64.zip lhrconsulmgr66:/
docker cp consul_1.9.4_linux_amd64.zip lhrconsulmgr67:/
docker cp consul_1.9.4_linux_amd64.zip lhrconsulmgr68:/

docker network connect bridge lhrconsulmgr66
docker network connect bridge lhrconsulmgr67
docker network connect bridge lhrconsulmgr68

docker restart  lhrconsulmgr66 lhrconsulmgr67 lhrconsulmgr68

3.2、安装Consul Server

docker exec -it lhrconsulmgr66 bash
docker exec -it lhrconsulmgr67 bash
docker exec -it lhrconsulmgr68 bash

unzip consul_1.9.4_linux_amd64.zip
mv consul /usr/local/bin/
mkdir -p /consul/logs/

-- 66节点 启动
nohup consul agent -server -bootstrap-expect 3 -bind=192.168.68.66 -client=0.0.0.0 -data-dir=/consul/data \
-node=n66 -ui >> /consul/logs/consul.log 2>&1 &

-- 67节点 启动
nohup consul agent -server -bootstrap-expect 3 -bind=192.168.68.67 -client=0.0.0.0 -data-dir=/consul/data \
-node=n67 -ui >> /consul/logs/consul.log 2>&1 &
-- 68节点 启动
nohup consul agent -server -bootstrap-expect 3 -bind=192.168.68.68 -client=0.0.0.0 -data-dir=/consul/data \
-node=n68 -ui >> /consul/logs/consul.log 2>&1 &

-- 67和68节点加入集群
consul join 192.168.68.66

-- 查询集群状态
[root@lhrconsulmgr66 /]# consul members
Node  Address             Status  Type    Build  Protocol  DC   Segment
n66   192.168.68.66:8301  alive   server  1.9.4  2         dc1  <all>
n67   192.168.68.67:8301  alive   server  1.9.4  2         dc1  <all>
n68   192.168.68.68:8301  alive   server  1.9.4  2         dc1  <all>
[root@lhrconsulmgr66 /]# consul operator raft list-peers
Node  ID                                    Address             State     Voter  RaftProtocol
n66   719e2a32-5c4b-bd0f-35ef-9ac11a8e79e0  192.168.68.66:8300  leader    true   3
n67   f80e2542-3d30-ca5a-af79-08879723c882  192.168.68.67:8300  follower  true   3
n68   43520b16-1b65-7d22-4172-6c2822070a44  192.168.68.68:8300  follower  true   3

为了后续启动方便，我们使用参数文件：

-- 66节点，其它节点修改node_name、advertise_addr和bind_addr即可：
mkdir -p /etc/consul.d/
pkill -9 consul
cat > /etc/consul.d/server.json  <<"EOF"
{ 
  "data_dir": "/consul/data",
  "datacenter": "dc1",
  "node_name": "n66", 
  "enable_syslog": true,
  "log_level": "INFO", 
  "server": true, 
  "advertise_addr":"192.168.68.66", 
  "bootstrap_expect": 3, 
  "bind_addr": "192.168.68.66", 
  "client_addr": "0.0.0.0", 
  "retry_join": ["192.168.68.66","192.168.68.67","192.168.68.68"],
  "retry_interval": "10s",
  "rejoin_after_leave": true,
  "start_join": ["192.168.68.66","192.168.68.67","192.168.68.68"] ,
  "ui": true
}
EOF

nohup consul agent -config-dir=/etc/consul.d > /consul/consul.log &

3.3、web访问

http://192.168.66.35:8566

http://192.168.66.35:8567

http://192.168.66.35:8568

四、在MySQL节点上安装Consul Client

4.1、安装Consul Client

docker cp consul_1.9.4_linux_amd64.zip mysql8022mgr33060:/
docker cp consul_1.9.4_linux_amd64.zip mysql8022mgr33061:/
docker cp consul_1.9.4_linux_amd64.zip mysql8022mgr33062:/

docker exec -it mysql8022mgr33060 bash
unzip consul_1.9.4_linux_amd64.zip
mv consul /usr/local/bin/
mkdir -p /consul/logs/

-- mgr60配置文件，其它节点修改bind_addr和node_name即可
mkdir -p /etc/consul.d/
cat > /etc/consul.d/client.json <<"EOF"
{
  "data_dir": "/data/consul",
  "enable_script_checks": true,
  "bind_addr": "192.168.68.60",
  "retry_join": ["192.168.68.66","192.168.68.67","192.168.68.68"],
  "retry_interval": "10s",
  "rejoin_after_leave": true,
  "start_join": ["192.168.68.66","192.168.68.67","192.168.68.68"] ,
  "node_name": "MGR60"
}
EOF

nohup consul agent -config-dir=/etc/consul.d > /consul/consul.log &

查询状态：


[root@lhrconsulmgr66 /]# consul members
Node   Address             Status  Type    Build  Protocol  DC   Segment
n66    192.168.68.66:8301  alive   server  1.9.4  2         dc1  <all>
n67    192.168.68.67:8301  alive   server  1.9.4  2         dc1  <all>
n68    192.168.68.68:8301  alive   server  1.9.4  2         dc1  <all>
MGR60  192.168.68.60:8301  alive   client  1.9.4  2         dc1  <default>
MGR61  192.168.68.61:8301  alive   client  1.9.4  2         dc1  <default>
MGR62  192.168.68.62:8301  alive   client  1.9.4  2         dc1  <default>
[root@lhrconsulmgr66 /]#  consul operator raft list-peers
Node  ID                                    Address             State     Voter  RaftProtocol
n66   719e2a32-5c4b-bd0f-35ef-9ac11a8e79e0  192.168.68.66:8300  follower  true   3
n67   f80e2542-3d30-ca5a-af79-08879723c882  192.168.68.67:8300  leader    true   3
n68   43520b16-1b65-7d22-4172-6c2822070a44  192.168.68.68:8300  follower  true   3

4.2、在Consul client的3个节点上编写检测primay脚本和检测slave脚本

-- 检测脚本【master】
mkdir -p /data/consul/shell/
cat > /data/consul/shell/check_mysql_mgr_master.sh  <<"EOF"
#!/bin/bash
port=3306
user="root"
passwod="lhr"
comm="/usr/bin/mysql -u$user -hlocalhost -P $port -p$passwod"
value=`$comm -Nse "select 1"`
primary_member=`$comm -Nse "select variable_value from performance_schema.global_status WHERE VARIABLE_NAME= 'group_replication_primary_member'"`
server_uuid=`$comm -Nse "select variable_value from performance_schema.global_variables where VARIABLE_NAME='server_uuid';"`
# 判断MySQL是否存活
if [ -z $value ]
then
   echo "mysql $port is down....."
   exit 2
fi
# 判断节点状态,是否存活
node_state=`$comm -Nse "select MEMBER_STATE from performance_schema.replication_group_members where MEMBER_ID='$server_uuid'"`
if [ $node_state != "ONLINE" ]
then
   echo "MySQL $port state is not online...."
   exit 2
fi
# 判断是不是主节点
if [[ $server_uuid == $primary_member ]]
then
   echo "MySQL $port Instance is master ........"
   exit 0
else
   echo "MySQL $port Instance is slave ........"
   exit 2
fi
EOF

-- 检测脚本【slave】
cat > /data/consul/shell/check_mysql_mgr_slave.sh <<"EOF"
#!/bin/bash
port=3306
user="root"
passwod="lhr"
comm="/usr/bin/mysql -u$user -hlocalhost -P $port -p$passwod"
value=`$comm -Nse "select 1"`
primary_member=`$comm -Nse "select variable_value from performance_schema.global_status WHERE VARIABLE_NAME= 'group_replication_primary_member'"`
server_uuid=`$comm -Nse "select variable_value from performance_schema.global_variables where VARIABLE_NAME='server_uuid';"`
# 判断mysql是否存活
if [ -z $value ]
then
   echo "mysql $port is down....."
   exit 2
fi
# 判断节点状态
node_state=`$comm -Nse "select MEMBER_STATE from performance_schema.replication_group_members where MEMBER_ID='$server_uuid'"`
if [ $node_state != "ONLINE" ]
then
   echo "MySQL $port state is not online...."
   exit 2
fi
# 判断是不是主节点
if [[ $server_uuid != $primary_member ]]
then
   echo "MySQL $port Instance is slave ........"
   exit 0
else
   node_num=`$comm -Nse "select count(*) from performance_schema.replication_group_members"`
# 判断如果没有任何从节点，主节点也注册从角色服务。
   if [ $node_num -eq 1 ]
   then
       echo "MySQL $port Instance is slave ........"
       exit 0
   else
       echo "MySQL $port Instance is master ........"
       exit 2
   fi
fi
EOF

赋权：

chmod +x /data/consul/shell/check_mysql_mgr_master.sh
chmod +x /data/consul/shell/check_mysql_mgr_slave.sh

4.3、service配置

官网配置参考：https://www.consul.io/docs/discovery/services

在3台MySQL节点上都需要操作，注意修改address地址为本机地址：

cat > /etc/consul.d/rw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.json <<"EOF"
{
  "service": 
    {
      "name": "rw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr",
      "tags": ["MGR-Master"],
      "address": "192.168.68.60",
      "port": 3306,
      "check": 
        {
          "args": ["/data/consul/shell/check_mysql_mgr_master.sh"],
          "interval": "5s"
        }
    }
}
EOF

cat > /etc/consul.d/r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.json <<"EOF"
{
  "service": [
    {
      "name": "r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr",
      "tags": ["MGR-Slave"],
      "address": "192.168.68.60",
      "port": 3306,
      "check": 
        {
          "args": ["/data/consul/shell/check_mysql_mgr_slave.sh"],
          "interval": "5s"
        }
    }
  ]
}
EOF

-- 检查配置文件是否正常
consul validate /etc/consul.d/

-- 重新加载配置文件
consul reload

-- 检查配置结果
[root@lhrmgr60 ~]# consul catalog services
consul
r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr
rw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr

注意：由于每台mysql server 上都有master、slave 检测脚本、而mysql server 只能是master 或者slave、所以存在失败的检测，master检测只有一个成功，slave检测只有一个失败。

所有服务：

主库连接：

从库连接：

4.4、service测试

yum install -y bind-utils bind bind-chroot dnsmasq
dig @192.168.68.66  -p 8600 r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul a
dig @192.168.68.66  -p 8600 rw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul a

dig @127.0.0.1 -p 8600 MGR60.node.consul
dig @127.0.0.1 -p 8600 MGR61.node.consul
dig @127.0.0.1 -p 8600 MGR62.node.consul

测试结果：

[root@lhrmgr60 ~]# dig @192.168.68.66  -p 8600 r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul a

; <<>> DiG 9.11.4-P2-RedHat-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.4 <<>> @192.168.68.66 -p 8600 r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul a
; (1 server found)
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 7862
;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul. IN A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul. 0 IN A   192.168.68.62
r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul. 0 IN A   192.168.68.61

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.68.66#8600(192.168.68.66)
;; WHEN: Wed Mar 10 10:52:12 CST 2021
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 98

[root@lhrmgr60 ~]# dig @192.168.68.66  -p 8600 rw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul A

; <<>> DiG 9.11.4-P2-RedHat-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.4 <<>> @192.168.68.66 -p 8600 rw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul a
; (1 server found)
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 13129
;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;rw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul.        IN A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
rw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul. 0 IN A  192.168.68.60

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.68.66#8600(192.168.68.66)
;; WHEN: Wed Mar 10 10:52:17 CST 2021
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 83

可以看到，r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul解析出来的地址是192.168.68.61和192.168.68.62，即2个从库；而rw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul解析出来的地址为192.168.68.60，即主库。

五、配置DNS解析域名

App端配置域名服务器来解析consul后缀的域名，DNS解析及跳转，有多个方案：

原内网dns服务器,做域名转发，consul后缀的，都转到consul server上

dns全部跳到consul DNS服务器上，非consul后缀的,使用 recursors 属性跳转到原DNS服务器上

dnsmaq 转： server=/consul/192.168.X.X#8600 解析consul后缀的

使用BIND配置DNS服务器

这里只列举dnsmasq这种方案，更多方法请参考官方文档：https://learn.hashicorp.com/tutorials/consul/dns-forwarding

5.1、使用dnsmasq来配置DNS解析

在192.168.66.69上配置dnsmasq。

docker rm -f lhrconsuldns69
docker run -d --name lhrconsuldns69 -h lhrconsuldns69 \
  --net=mhalhr --ip 192.168.68.69 \
  -p 53:53 \
  -v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup \
  --privileged=true lhrbest/lhrcentos76:8.0 \
  /usr/sbin/init

docker network connect bridge lhrconsuldns69

docker exec -it lhrconsuldns69 bash

yum install -y bind-utils bind bind-chroot dnsmasq

echo "
server=/consul/192.168.68.66#8600
server=/consul/192.168.68.67#8600
server=/consul/192.168.68.68#8600
" > /etc/dnsmasq.d/10-consul

echo "
server=114.114.114.114
server=8.8.8.8
server=223.5.5.5
" >> /etc/dnsmasq.conf

-- 添加到所有机器，包括本机、3个client、3个server端等
echo "nameserver 192.168.68.69" > /etc/resolv.conf

systemctl enable dnsmasq
systemctl restart dnsmasq
systemctl status dnsmasq

dig @192.168.68.69  -p 53 r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul a
dig @192.168.68.69  -p 53 rw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul a

nslookup r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul
nslookup rw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul

ping r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul -c 4
ping rw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul -c 4

结果：

[root@lhrmgr60 /]# nslookup r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul
nslookup rw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consulServer:          192.168.68.69
Address:        192.168.68.69#53

Name:   r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul
Address: 192.168.68.62
Name:   r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul
Address: 192.168.68.61

[root@lhrmgr60 /]# nslookup rw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul
Server:         192.168.68.69
Address:        192.168.68.69#53

Name:   rw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul
Address: 192.168.68.60

[root@lhrmgr60 /]# 
[root@lhrmgr60 /]# ping r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul -c 4
PING r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul (192.168.68.61) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.68.61 (192.168.68.61): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.083 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.68.61 (192.168.68.61): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.065 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.68.61 (192.168.68.61): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.108 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.68.61 (192.168.68.61): icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.084 ms

--- r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 7022ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.065/0.085/0.108/0.015 ms
[root@lhrmgr60 /]# 
[root@lhrmgr60 /]# ping rw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul -c 4
PING rw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul (192.168.68.60) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from lhrmgr60 (192.168.68.60): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.058 ms
64 bytes from lhrmgr60 (192.168.68.60): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.070 ms
64 bytes from lhrmgr60 (192.168.68.60): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.091 ms
64 bytes from lhrmgr60 (192.168.68.60): icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.071 ms

--- rw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 2999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.058/0.072/0.091/0.014 ms
[root@lhrmgr60 /]# 
[root@lhrmgr60 /]# dig @192.168.68.69  -p 53 r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul a

; <<>> DiG 9.11.4-P2-RedHat-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.4 <<>> @192.168.68.69 -p 53 r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul a
; (1 server found)
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 48770
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul. IN A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul. 0 IN A   192.168.68.62
r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul. 0 IN A   192.168.68.61

;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.68.69#53(192.168.68.69)
;; WHEN: Thu Mar 11 10:30:03 CST 2021
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 98

[root@lhrmgr60 /]# 
[root@lhrmgr60 /]# dig @192.168.68.69  -p 53 rw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul a

; <<>> DiG 9.11.4-P2-RedHat-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.4 <<>> @192.168.68.69 -p 53 rw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul a
; (1 server found)
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 47378
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;rw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul.        IN A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
rw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul. 0 IN A  192.168.68.60

;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.68.69#53(192.168.68.69)
;; WHEN: Thu Mar 11 10:30:13 CST 2021
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 83

5.2、MySQL通过域名连接

[root@lhrmgr60 /]# mysql -uroot -plhr -hrw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 53753
Server version: 8.0.22 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> SELECT * FROM performance_schema.replication_group_members;
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
| CHANNEL_NAME              | MEMBER_ID                            | MEMBER_HOST   | MEMBER_PORT | MEMBER_STATE | MEMBER_ROLE | MEMBER_VERSION |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
| group_replication_applier | 408acdb5-80bc-11eb-97a7-0242c0a8443d | 192.168.68.61 |        3306 | ONLINE       | SECONDARY   | 8.0.22         |
| group_replication_applier | 44c693d8-80bb-11eb-b4bb-0242c0a8443c | 192.168.68.60 |        3306 | ONLINE       | PRIMARY     | 8.0.22         |
| group_replication_applier | 9d5c3e3e-80bc-11eb-a0b2-0242c0a8443e | 192.168.68.62 |        3306 | ONLINE       | SECONDARY   | 8.0.22         |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select @@hostname,@@report_host;
+------------+---------------+
| @@hostname | @@report_host |
+------------+---------------+
| lhrmgr60   | 192.168.68.60 |
+------------+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye
[root@lhrmgr60 /]# mysql -uroot -plhr -hr-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul 
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 47616
Server version: 8.0.22 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> SELECT * FROM performance_schema.replication_group_members;
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
| CHANNEL_NAME              | MEMBER_ID                            | MEMBER_HOST   | MEMBER_PORT | MEMBER_STATE | MEMBER_ROLE | MEMBER_VERSION |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
| group_replication_applier | 408acdb5-80bc-11eb-97a7-0242c0a8443d | 192.168.68.61 |        3306 | ONLINE       | SECONDARY   | 8.0.22         |
| group_replication_applier | 44c693d8-80bb-11eb-b4bb-0242c0a8443c | 192.168.68.60 |        3306 | ONLINE       | PRIMARY     | 8.0.22         |
| group_replication_applier | 9d5c3e3e-80bc-11eb-a0b2-0242c0a8443e | 192.168.68.62 |        3306 | ONLINE       | SECONDARY   | 8.0.22         |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create database  lhrdb2;
ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --super-read-only option so it cannot execute this statement

六、测试高可用

6.1、测试Consul Server的高可用

如下图所示，目前Consul Server有3台机器，组成一个集群，若其中任意一台机器宕机，都不能影响service的解析：

目前的状态：

[root@lhrmgr60 /]# consul members
Node   Address             Status  Type    Build  Protocol  DC   Segment
n66    192.168.68.66:8301  alive   server  1.9.4  2         dc1  <all>
n67    192.168.68.67:8301  alive   server  1.9.4  2         dc1  <all>
n68    192.168.68.68:8301  alive   server  1.9.4  2         dc1  <all>
MGR60  192.168.68.60:8301  alive   client  1.9.4  2         dc1  <default>
MGR61  192.168.68.61:8301  alive   client  1.9.4  2         dc1  <default>
MGR62  192.168.68.62:8301  alive   client  1.9.4  2         dc1  <default>
[root@lhrmgr60 /]# consul operator raft list-peers
Node  ID                                    Address             State     Voter  RaftProtocol
n68   43520b16-1b65-7d22-4172-6c2822070a44  192.168.68.68:8300  follower  true   3
n66   ca78760f-2f7e-f350-4e47-2db17e8719fe  192.168.68.66:8300  leader    true   3
n67   f80e2542-3d30-ca5a-af79-08879723c882  192.168.68.67:8300  follower  true   3

接下来，把n66、n67进行关机操作：

docker stop  lhrconsulmgr66 lhrconsulmgr67

查询集群状态：

[root@lhrmgr60 /]# consul members
Node   Address             Status  Type    Build  Protocol  DC   Segment
n66    192.168.68.66:8301  failed  server  1.9.4  2         dc1  <all>
n67    192.168.68.67:8301  failed  server  1.9.4  2         dc1  <all>
n68    192.168.68.68:8301  alive   server  1.9.4  2         dc1  <all>
MGR60  192.168.68.60:8301  alive   client  1.9.4  2         dc1  <default>
MGR61  192.168.68.61:8301  alive   client  1.9.4  2         dc1  <default>
MGR62  192.168.68.62:8301  alive   client  1.9.4  2         dc1  <default>
[root@lhrmgr60 /]# consul operator raft list-peers
Error getting peers: Failed to retrieve raft configuration: Unexpected response code: 500 (rpc error making call: No cluster leader)
[root@lhrmgr60 /]# consul catalog services
Error listing services: Unexpected response code: 500 (rpc error making call: No cluster leader)

查询域名是否正常使用：

dig @192.168.68.69  -p 53 r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul a
dig @192.168.68.69  -p 53 rw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul a

nslookup r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul
nslookup rw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul

ping r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul -c 4
ping rw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul -c 4

校验结果：

[root@lhrmgr60 /]# nslookup r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul
Server:         192.168.68.69
Address:        192.168.68.69#53

Name:   r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul
Address: 192.168.68.61
Name:   r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul
Address: 192.168.68.62

[root@lhrmgr60 /]# 
[root@lhrmgr60 /]# nslookup rw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul
Server:         192.168.68.69
Address:        192.168.68.69#53

Name:   rw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul
Address: 192.168.68.60

可以看到，Consul Server集群的高可用运行正常。

6.2、测试MySQL的负载均衡和读写分离

首先测试读负载均衡：

[root@lhrmgr60 /]# for i in $(seq 1 10); do mysql -uroot -plhr -hr-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul -P3306 \
> -e 'select @@server_id;'; done | egrep '[0-9]'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
802233061
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
802233061
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
802233062
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
802233062
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
802233062
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
802233061
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
802233061
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
802233061
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
802233062
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
802233061

可以看到，读操作被分配到61和62主机上。

读写分离由于是通过不同的主机域名进行连接的，之前已经测试过，所以，这里就不再测试。

6.3、测试MGR高可用

目前192.168.68.60为主库，192.168.68.61和192.168.68.62为从库，所以，我们把192.168.68.60关机，然后通过域名来连接，检查能否正常连接。

[root@lhrmgr60 /]# mysql -uroot -plhr -hrw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul -P3306
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 54447
Server version: 8.0.22 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> select @@hostname,@@report_host;
+------------+---------------+
| @@hostname | @@report_host |
+------------+---------------+
| lhrmgr60   | 192.168.68.60 |
+------------+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM performance_schema.replication_group_members;
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
| CHANNEL_NAME              | MEMBER_ID                            | MEMBER_HOST   | MEMBER_PORT | MEMBER_STATE | MEMBER_ROLE | MEMBER_VERSION |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
| group_replication_applier | 408acdb5-80bc-11eb-97a7-0242c0a8443d | 192.168.68.61 |        3306 | ONLINE       | SECONDARY   | 8.0.22         |
| group_replication_applier | 44c693d8-80bb-11eb-b4bb-0242c0a8443c | 192.168.68.60 |        3306 | ONLINE       | PRIMARY     | 8.0.22         |
| group_replication_applier | 9d5c3e3e-80bc-11eb-a0b2-0242c0a8443e | 192.168.68.62 |        3306 | ONLINE       | SECONDARY   | 8.0.22         |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> shutdown ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select @@hostname,@@report_host;
ERROR 2013 (HY000): Lost connection to MySQL server during query

mysql> select @@hostname,@@report_host;
+------------+---------------+
| @@hostname | @@report_host |
+------------+---------------+
| lhrmgr61   | 192.168.68.61 |
+------------+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM performance_schema.replication_group_members;
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
| CHANNEL_NAME              | MEMBER_ID                            | MEMBER_HOST   | MEMBER_PORT | MEMBER_STATE | MEMBER_ROLE | MEMBER_VERSION |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
| group_replication_applier | 408acdb5-80bc-11eb-97a7-0242c0a8443d | 192.168.68.61 |        3306 | ONLINE       | PRIMARY     | 8.0.22         |
| group_replication_applier | 9d5c3e3e-80bc-11eb-a0b2-0242c0a8443e | 192.168.68.62 |        3306 | ONLINE       | SECONDARY   | 8.0.22         |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

[root@lhrmgr60 /]# nslookup rw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul
Server:         192.168.68.69
Address:        192.168.68.69#53

Name:   rw-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul
Address: 192.168.68.61

[root@lhrmgr60 /]# nslookup r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul 
Server:         192.168.68.69
Address:        192.168.68.69#53

Name:   r-mysql-mgr-server-lhr.service.consul
Address: 192.168.68.62

可以看到，MGR的高可用也运行正常。

About Me

● 本文作者：小麦苗，部分内容整理自网络，若有侵权请联系小麦苗删除
● 本文在个人微信公众号（DB宝）上有同步更新
● QQ群号： 230161599 、618766405，微信群私聊
● 个人QQ号（646634621），微信号（db_bao），注明添加缘由
● 于 2021年3月在西安完成
● 最新修改时间：2021年3月
● 版权所有，欢迎分享本文，转载请保留出处

●小麦苗的微店： https://weidian.com/?userid=793741433
●小麦苗出版的数据库类丛书： http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-2142121/
●小麦苗OCP、OCM、高可用、DBA学习班（Oracle、MySQL、NoSQL）： http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-2148098/
●数据库笔试面试题库及解答： https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Vm5PqNcDcITkOr9cQg6T7w

使用微信客户端扫描下面的二维码来关注小麦苗的微信公众号（DB宝）及QQ群（DBA宝典）、添加小麦苗微信，学习最实用的数据库技术。

码农公寓