Nginx Ingress的一些奇巧淫技

Nginx Ingress的一些奇巧淫技

12.2.1、Nginx Ingress 奇巧淫技


前提:在集群部署好Nginx Ingress

Redirect

redirect主要用于域名重定向,比如访问a.com被重定向到b.com。
如下我们配置访问ng.coolops.com重定向到www.baidu.com

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/permanent-redirect: "https://www.baidu.com"
spec:
  rules:
  - host: ng.coolops.cn 
    http:
      paths:
      - path:
        backend:
          serviceName: ng-svc
          servicePort: 80

然后浏览器访问ng.coolops.cn就会被重定向到https://www.baidu.com

PS E:\DEV\Go\src\code.rookieops.com\coolops> curl.exe -I http://ng.coolops.cn:30369
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Server: nginx/1.17.10
Date: Tue, 12 May 2020 09:06:29 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 170
Connection: keep-alive
Location: https://www.baidu.com

Rewrite

rewrite主要用于地址重写,比如访问a.com/foo重写到a.com,访问a.com/foo/bbb重写到a.com/bbb。
比如下面例子:

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: "/$1"
spec:
  rules:
  - host: ng.coolops.cn 
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /foo/?(.*)
        backend:
          serviceName: ng-svc
          servicePort: 80

Nginx Ingress的一些奇巧淫技

匹配请求头

匹配请求头,主要用于根据请求头信息将用户请求转发到不同的应用,比如根据不同的客户端转发请求。
如下:

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/server-snippet: |
        set $agentflag 0;

        if ($http_user_agent ~* "(iPhone)" ){
          set $agentflag 1;
        }

        if ( $agentflag = 1 ) {
          return 301 http://iphone.coolops.cn:30369;
        }
spec:
  rules:
  - host: ng.coolops.cn 
    http:
      paths:
      - path:
        backend:
          serviceName: ng-svc
          servicePort: 80

然后再创建一个iphone.coolops.cn的ingress,我这里只是测试就随便定义了,如下:

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
spec:
  rules:
  - host: iphone.coolops.cn 
    http:
      paths:
      - path: 
        backend:
          serviceName: ng-svc
          servicePort: 80

我现在以iPad访问,我们发现起没有被301重定向。
Nginx Ingress的一些奇巧淫技

当我们使用iPhone访问的时候,可以发现起被301重定向了
Nginx Ingress的一些奇巧淫技

认证访问

有些访问是需要认证访问的,比如dubbo-admin,我们在访问的时候会先叫你输入用户名和密码。ingress nginx也可以实现这种。
(1)、创建密码,我这里用http的命令工具来生成

[root@k8s-master ingress-nginx]# htpasswd -c auth joker
New password: 
Re-type new password: 
Adding password for user joker
[root@k8s-master ingress-nginx]# cat auth 
joker:$apr1$R.G4krs/$hh0mX8xe4A3lYKMjvlVs1/

(2)、创建secret

[root@k8s-master ingress-nginx]# kubectl create secret generic basic-auth --from-file=auth 
secret/basic-auth created

(3)、配置Ingress

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-type: basic
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-secret: basic-auth
spec:
  rules:
  - host: iphone.coolops.cn 
    http:
      paths:
      - path: 
        backend:
          serviceName: ng-svc
          servicePort: 80

Nginx Ingress的一些奇巧淫技

黑白名单

在配置NG的时候可以用allow和deny来配置黑白名单,在ingress nginx上也可以设置黑白名单。
(1)、白名单
添加白名单的方式可以直接写annotation,也可以配置在ConfigMap中。
写在annotation中:

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/whitelist-source-range: 10.1.10.2
spec:
  rules:
  - host: iphone.coolops.cn 
    http:
      paths:
      - path: 
        backend:
          serviceName: ng-svc
          servicePort: 80

也可以写固定IP,也可以写网段。

配置到ConfigMap中:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-2.1.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.32.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
data:
  whitelist-source-range: 10.1.10.0/24

然后重新apply一下就OK

(2)、黑名单
黑名单就只能通过ConfigMap来配置了,配置如下:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-2.1.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.32.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
data:
  whitelist-source-range: 10.1.10.0/24
  block-cidrs: 10.1.10.100

速率限制

可以限制速率来降低后端压力,比如如下配置:

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rate: 100K
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-whitelist: 10.1.10.100
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rps: 1
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rpm: 30
spec:
  rules:
  - host: iphone.coolops.cn 
    http:
      paths:
      - path: 
        backend:
          serviceName: ng-svc
          servicePort: 80

其中:

  • nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rate:限制客户端每秒传输的字节数
  • nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-whitelist:白名单中的IP不限速
  • nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rps:单个IP每秒的连接数
  • nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rpm:单个IP每分钟的连接数

更多请点这里。

灰度发布


Nginx Annotations 支持以下 4 种 Canary 规则:

  • nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-by-header:基于 Request Header 的流量切分,适用于灰度发布以及 A/B 测试。当 Request Header 设置为 always时,请求将会被一直发送到 Canary 版本;当 Request Header 设置为 never时,请求不会被发送到 Canary 入口;对于任何其他 Header 值,将忽略 Header,并通过优先级将请求与其他金丝雀规则进行优先级的比较。
  • nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-by-header-value:要匹配的 Request Header 的值,用于通知 Ingress 将请求路由到 Canary Ingress 中指定的服务。当 Request Header 设置为此值时,它将被路由到 Canary 入口。该规则允许用户自定义 Request Header 的值,必须与上一个 annotation (即:canary-by-header)一起使用。
  • nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-weight:基于服务权重的流量切分,适用于蓝绿部署,权重范围 0 - 100 按百分比将请求路由到 Canary Ingress 中指定的服务。权重为 0 意味着该金丝雀规则不会向 Canary 入口的服务发送任何请求。权重为 100 意味着所有请求都将被发送到 Canary 入口。
  • nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-by-cookie:基于 Cookie 的流量切分,适用于灰度发布与 A/B 测试。用于通知 Ingress 将请求路由到 Canary Ingress 中指定的服务的cookie。当 cookie 值设置为 always时,它将被路由到 Canary 入口;当 cookie 值设置为 never时,请求不会被发送到 Canary 入口;对于任何其他值,将忽略 cookie 并将请求与其他金丝雀规则进行优先级的比较。

定义两个版本的代码。
代码v1

package main

import (
 "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 "net/http"
)

func main(){
 g:=gin.Default()
 g.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
  c.JSON(http.StatusOK,gin.H{
   "version": "v1",
   "data": "hello world",
  })

  })
 _ = g.Run("8080")
}

代码v2

package main

import (
 "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 "net/http"
)

func main(){
 g:=gin.Default()
 g.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
  c.JSON(http.StatusOK,gin.H{
   "version": "v2",
   "data": "hello world,SB",
  })

  })
 _ = g.Run("8080")
}

然后制作镜像,这里我们正好可以练习下多阶段构建...
Dockerfile如下:

FROM golang AS build-env
ADD . /go/src/app
WORKDIR /go/src/app
RUN go get -u -v github.com/gin-gonic/gin
RUN govendor sync
RUN GOOS=linux GOARCH=386 go build -v -o /go/src/app/app-server-v1

FROM alpine
RUN ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai  /etc/localtime
COPY --from=build-env /go/src/app/app-server-v1 /usr/local/bin/app-server-v1
EXPOSE 8080
CMD [ "/usr/local/bin/app-server-v1" ]

构建镜像

docker build -t registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/rookieops/go-test:v1 .

上传镜像

docker push registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/rookieops/go-test:v1
v2版本相同操作

v1版本的deploy和svc

apiVersion: apps/v1 
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: app-server-v1
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: app-server-v1
  replicas: 2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: app-server-v1
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: app-server-v1
        image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/rookieops/go-test:v1
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
        - name: http
          containerPort: 8080
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: app-server-v1-svc
spec:
  selector:
    app: app-server-v1
  ports:
  - name: http
    port: 8080

v2版本deploy和svc

apiVersion: apps/v1 
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: app-server-v2
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: app-server-v2
  replicas: 2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: app-server-v2
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: app-server-v2
        image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/rookieops/go-test:v2
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
        - name: http
          containerPort: 8080
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: app-server-v2-svc
spec:
  selector:
    app: app-server-v2
  ports:
  - name: http
    port: 8080

运行两个版本进行测试:

[root@k8s-master ingress-nginx]# curl 10.103.133.234:8080
{"data":"hello world","version":"v1"}
[root@k8s-master ingress-nginx]# curl 10.101.125.220:8080
{"data":"hello SB","version":"v2"}

然后创建ingress。
(1)、正常版本(v1版本)

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
spec:
  rules:
  - host: ng.coolops.cn
    http:
      paths:
      - path:
        backend:
          serviceName: app-server-v1
          servicePort: 8080

部署后访问
Nginx Ingress的一些奇巧淫技
(2)、v2版本

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary: "true"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-weight: "10"
spec:
  rules:
  - host: ng.coolops.cn
    http:
      paths:
      - path:
        backend:
          serviceName: app-server-v2-svc
          servicePort: 8080

说明:

  • nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary: true 表示开启canary
  • nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-weight: 10 表示权重为10,也就是v1:v2大致为9:1

然后部署后进行测试:

[root@k8s-master ingress-nginx]# curl http://ng.coolops.cn:30369
{"data":"hello world","version":"v1"}
[root@k8s-master ingress-nginx]# curl http://ng.coolops.cn:30369
{"data":"hello world","version":"v1"}
[root@k8s-master ingress-nginx]# curl http://ng.coolops.cn:30369
{"data":"hello world","version":"v1"}
[root@k8s-master ingress-nginx]# curl http://ng.coolops.cn:30369
{"data":"hello world","version":"v1"}
[root@k8s-master ingress-nginx]# curl http://ng.coolops.cn:30369
{"data":"hello world","version":"v1"}
[root@k8s-master ingress-nginx]# curl http://ng.coolops.cn:30369
{"data":"hello world","version":"v1"}
[root@k8s-master ingress-nginx]# curl http://ng.coolops.cn:30369
{"data":"hello world","version":"v1"}
[root@k8s-master ingress-nginx]# curl http://ng.coolops.cn:30369
{"data":"hello world","version":"v1"}
[root@k8s-master ingress-nginx]# curl http://ng.coolops.cn:30369
{"data":"hello world","version":"v1"}
[root@k8s-master ingress-nginx]# curl http://ng.coolops.cn:30369
{"data":"hello world","version":"v1"}
[root@k8s-master ingress-nginx]# curl http://ng.coolops.cn:30369
{"data":"hello world","version":"v1"} 
[root@k8s-master ingress-nginx]# curl http://ng.coolops.cn:30369
{"data":"hello world","version":"v1"}
[root@k8s-master ingress-nginx]# curl http://ng.coolops.cn:30369
{"data":"hello world","version":"v1"}
[root@k8s-master ingress-nginx]# curl http://ng.coolops.cn:30369
{"data":"hello world","version":"v1"}
[root@k8s-master ingress-nginx]# curl http://ng.coolops.cn:30369
{"data":"hello SB","version":"v2"}
[root@k8s-master ingress-nginx]# curl http://ng.coolops.cn:30369
{"data":"hello SB","version":"v2"}

可以看到上述的这些操作基本都用到annotation,更多的可以点击官方文档。


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