A Boring Question
Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others) Memory Limit: 65536/65536 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 156 Accepted Submission(s): 72
Problem Description
Input
The first line of the input contains the only integer T,(1≤T≤10000)
Then T lines follow,the i-th line contains two integers n,m,(0≤n≤109,2≤m≤109)
Then T lines follow,the i-th line contains two integers n,m,(0≤n≤109,2≤m≤109)
Output
For each n and m,output the answer in a single line.
Sample Input
2
1 2
2 3
1 2
2 3
Sample Output
3
13
13
Author
UESTC
Source
Recommend
wange2014
题意:有m个数,求c(k2,k1)*c(k3,k2).....*c(km,km-1)的值,每个数的值在[0,n]之间,求所有情况的值的总和。
题解:首先看题目中的条件 And (kj+1kj)=0 while kj+1<kj 所以我们只需要考虑非递减序列即可. 也就是说把该问题转化为n的阶乘除以组成n的m个数的各自阶乘的积,首先进行打表:
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
#include<cstdio>
using namespace std;
int n,m;
long long C[][];
long long mod = ;
long long cal(int cur,int pre) {
if(cur==m+) return ;
long long ans = ;
for(int i=pre;i<=n;i++) {
//printf("%lld\n",C[i][pre]);
ans+=C[i][pre]*cal(cur+,i)%mod;
ans%=mod;
}
return ans;
}
int main() {
C[][] = ;
C[][]=C[][]=;
for(int i=;i<=;i++) {
C[i][] = ;
C[i][i] = ;
for(int j=;j<i;j++) {
C[i][j] = (C[i-][j] + C[i-][j-])%mod;
}
}
int data[][];
memset(data,,sizeof(data));
for(int j=;j<=;j++)
{
for(int i=;i<=;i++)
{
n=i,m=j;
printf("n: %d m: %d ",n,m);
printf("%lld\n",cal(,));
}
}
while(scanf("%d%d",&n,&m)!=EOF) {
printf("%lld\n",cal(,));
}
}
运行结果如下:
仔细观察结果我们可以发现,这是等比数列前n项和,即m^ 0+m^1+m^ 2+m^3+.....+m ^n=(m^(n+1)-1)/(m-1);答案是对mod=1e9+7取模的,我们知道mod是一个素数,且m的范围是int,所以gcd(m,mod)=1; 所以满足费马小定理的条件,根据费马小定理我们得知分母m-1对mod的逆元为(m-1)^(mod-2); ans=(m^(n+1)-1)%mod*(m-1)^(mod-2)%mod;利用快速幂即可求出结果。
AC代码:
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
const int mod=;
ll pow1(ll a,ll b)
{
ll ans=;
while(b)
{
if(b&)
{
ans=ans*a%mod;
}
b>>=;
a=a*a%mod;
}
return ans;
}
int main()
{
int t;
ll n,m;
cin>>t;
while(t--)
{
cin>>n>>m;
ll ans1,ans2,ans3;
ans1=(pow1(m,n+)-+mod)%mod;
ans2=(pow1(m-,mod-)+mod)%mod;
ans3=ans1*ans2%mod;
//cout<<pow1(2,4)<<endl;
//cout<<ans1<<endl<<ans2<<endl;
cout<<ans3<<endl;
}
return ;
}
官方给出的公式推导表示没看懂。