Linux系统扩容根目录或其它目录磁盘空间的操作方法

Linux系统扩容根目录或其它目录磁盘空间的操作方法

阅读文档可以先了解下物理卷、卷组与逻辑卷三者关系

1.添加磁盘空间

2.使用fdisk -l命令查看磁盘信息

3.新建磁盘分区

4.查看磁盘命令

fr_admin@GDNG3BOSS-HDPDN108:~> lsblk


NAME              MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                 8:0    0 446.6G  0 disk 
├─sda1              8:1    0   156M  0 part /boot/efi
└─sda2              8:2    0 446.5G  0 part 
  ├─rootvg-lvroot 254:0    0     2T  0 lvm  /
  ├─rootvg-boot   254:1    0     1G  0 lvm  /boot
  ├─rootvg-lvhome 254:2    0     1T  0 lvm  /home
  ├─rootvg-lvlog  254:3    0 135.5G  0 lvm  /var/log
  ├─rootvg-lvopt  254:4    0   150G  0 lvm  /opt
  ├─rootvg-lvsrv  254:5    0    60G  0 lvm  /srv/BigData
  ├─rootvg-lvtmp  254:6    0    20G  0 lvm  /tmp
  └─rootvg-lvvar  254:7    0    30G  0 lvm  /var
sdb                 8:16   0   5.5T  0 disk 
└─sdb1              8:17   0   5.5T  0 part 
sdc                 8:32   0   5.5T  0 disk 
└─sdc1              8:33   0   5.5T  0 part 
sdd                 8:48   0   5.5T  0 disk 
└─sdd1              8:49   0   5.5T  0 part 
sde                 8:64   0   5.5T  0 disk 
└─sde1              8:65   0   5.5T  0 part 
sdf                 8:80   0   5.5T  0 disk 
└─sdf1              8:81   0   5.5T  0 part 
sdg                 8:96   0   5.5T  0 disk 
└─sdg1              8:97   0   5.5T  0 part 
sdh                 8:112  0   5.5T  0 disk 
└─sdh1              8:113  0   5.5T  0 part 
sdi                 8:128  0   5.5T  0 disk 
└─sdi1              8:129  0   5.5T  0 part 
sdj                 8:144  0   5.5T  0 disk 
└─sdj1              8:145  0   5.5T  0 part 
sdk                 8:160  0   5.5T  0 disk 
└─sdk1              8:161  0   5.5T  0 part 
  ├─rootvg-lvroot 254:0    0     2T  0 lvm  /
  └─rootvg-lvhome 254:2    0     1T  0 lvm  /home
sdl                 8:176  0   5.5T  0 disk 
└─sdl1              8:177  0   5.5T  0 part 
sdm                 8:192  0   5.5T  0 disk 
└─sdm1              8:193  0   5.5T  0 part 
nvme0n1           259:0    0   1.5T  0 disk 

5.使用fdisk /dev/sda, 创建新分区。

按照下面Linux操作进行分区。

fr_admin@GDNG3BOSS-HDPDN108:~>  fdisk /dev/sdk
 
命令(输入 m 获取帮助): m
命令操作
  a  toggle a bootable flag
  b  edit bsd disklabel
  c  toggle the dos compatibility flag
  d  delete a partition
  l  list known partition types
  m  print this menu
  n  add a new partition
  o  create a new empty DOS partition table
  p  print the partition table
  q  quit without saving changes
  s  create a new empty Sun disklabel
  t  change a partition's system id
  u  change display/entry units
  v  verify the partition table
  w  write table to disk and exit
  x  extra functionality (experts only)
 
命令(输入 m 获取帮助): n #new 新分区
Partition type:
  p  primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free)
  l  logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): p  #选择主分区
分区号 (1-4,默认为 3): 3 #分区序号
起始 sector (499712-314572799,默认为 499712): #分区开始回车默认
将使用默认值 499712
Last sector, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (499712-501757,默认为 501757): 
将使用默认值 501757
 
命令(输入 m 获取帮助): n #new 新分区
Partition type:
  p  primary (2 primary, 1 extended, 1 free)
  l  logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): p #选择主分区
Selected partition 4  #分区序号
起始 sector (62912512-314572799,默认为 62912512): #分区开始回车默认
将使用默认值 62912512
Last sector, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (62912512-314572799,默认为 314572799): 
将使用默认值 314572799
 
命令(输入 m 获取帮助): t  #修改分区格式
分区号 (1-5): 4  #修改分区号
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e #格式选择8e  linux LVM
Changed system type of partition 4 to 8e (Linux LVM)
 
命令(输入 m 获取帮助): p #显示分区信息
 
Disk /dev/vda: 161.1 GB, 161061273600 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 312076 cylinders, total 314572800 sectors
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0001a023
 
  设备 启动   起点     终点   块数  Id 系统
/dev/vda1  *    2048   499711   248832  83 Linux
/dev/vda2     501758  62912511  31205377  5 扩展
/dev/vda3     499712   501757    1023  83 Linux
/dev/vda4    62912512  314572799  125830144  8e Linux LVM
/dev/vda5     501760  62912511  31205376  8e Linux LVM
Partition table entries are not in disk order
命令(输入 m 获取帮助): w #保存信息
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.

6.创建物理卷,使用pvcreate /dev/sdk1命令。

fr_admin@GDNG3BOSS-HDPDN108:~> pvcreate /dev/sdk1
结果:Physical volume "dev/sdk1" successfully created.

7.将添加新的物理卷,加载到rootvg卷组,使用vgextend rootvg /dev/sdk1命令。查看卷组命令vgscan或者vgdisplay

fr_admin@GDNG3BOSS-HDPDN108:~> vgextend rootvg /dev/sdk1
结果:Volume group "rootvg" successfully extended
使用以下命令可以看见卷组已被扩容
fr_admin@GDNG3BOSS-HDPDN108:~> vgdisplay

--- Volume group ---
  VG Name               rootvg
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  10
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                8
  Open LV               8
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               5.89 TiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              1544951
  Alloc PE / Size       114295 / 446.46 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       1430656 / 5.46 TiB
  VG UUID               HsfFSL-KBc3-ejNY-NMbf-DWSU-E9Oz-oLNJuG

8.对逻辑卷进行扩容操作

此时使用的是文件系统,查看方式为

fr_admin@GDNG3BOSS-HDPDN108:~> df -Th

文件系统                  类型      容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs                  devtmpfs  189G  8.0K  189G    1% /dev
tmpfs                     tmpfs     189G   80K  189G    1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                     tmpfs     189G  555M  188G    1% /run
tmpfs                     tmpfs     189G     0  189G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvroot xfs        20G  8.8G   12G   44% /
/dev/mapper/rootvg-boot   xfs      1014M  152M  863M   15% /boot
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvsrv  xfs        60G   33M   60G    1% /srv/BigData
/dev/sda1                 vfat      156M  4.7M  152M    3% /boot/efi
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvvar  xfs        30G  416M   30G    2% /var
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvtmp  xfs        20G  136M   20G    1% /tmp
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvhome xfs        30G   37M   30G    1% /home
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvopt  xfs       150G   33M  150G    1% /opt
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvlog  xfs       136G  509M  135G    1% /var/log
tmpfs                     tmpfs      38G   20K   38G    1% /run/user/484
tmpfs                     tmpfs      38G     0   38G    0% /run/user/2010
tmpfs                     tmpfs      38G     0   38G    0% /run/user/2013

扩容1T到home目录对应文件系统命令

fr_admin@GDNG3BOSS-HDPDN108:~> lvresize -L +1024G /dev/mapper/rootvg-lvhome

9.同步文件系统即执行调整。

xfs_growfs 后边跟的是挂载点,不是文件系统,如跟文件系统会报错,如下:xfs_growfs: /dev/mapper/rootvg-lvhome is not a mounted XFS filesystem

fr_admin@GDNG3BOSS-HDPDN108:~> sudo xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/rootvg-lvhome
xfs_growfs: /dev/mapper/rootvg-lvhome is not a mounted XFS filesystem

挂载点可通过df -h查看

特别注意的是不同文件类型使用不同生效命令:

文件类型查看方式:df -Th

resize2fs [挂载点] 命令 针对的是ext2、ext3、ext4文件系统

xfs_growfs [挂载点] 命令 针对的是xfs文件系统

fr_admin@GDNG3BOSS-HDPDN108:~> xfs_growfs /home


meta-data=/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvhome isize=512    agcount=16, agsize=491520 blks
         =                       sectsz=4096  attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0 rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=7864320, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=64     swidth=64 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=3840, version=2
         =                       sectsz=4096  sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 7864320 to 276299776

10.查看扩容后的大小 ,使用df -h命令。

文件系统                   容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs                   189G  8.0K  189G    1% /dev
tmpfs                      189G   80K  189G    1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                      189G  555M  188G    1% /run
tmpfs                      189G     0  189G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvroot  2.1T  8.9G  2.1T    1% /
/dev/mapper/rootvg-boot   1014M  152M  863M   15% /boot
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvsrv    60G   33M   60G    1% /srv/BigData
/dev/sda1                  156M  4.7M  152M    3% /boot/efi
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvvar    30G  416M   30G    2% /var
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvtmp    20G  136M   20G    1% /tmp
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvhome  1.1T   69M  1.1T    1% /home
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvopt   150G   33M  150G    1% /opt
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvlog   136G  509M  135G    1% /var/log
tmpfs                       38G   20K   38G    1% /run/user/484
tmpfs                       38G     0   38G    0% /run/user/2010
tmpfs                       38G     0   38G    0% /run/user/2013
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