Linux系统扩容根目录或其它目录磁盘空间的操作方法
阅读文档可以先了解下物理卷、卷组与逻辑卷三者关系
1.添加磁盘空间
2.使用fdisk -l命令查看磁盘信息
3.新建磁盘分区
4.查看磁盘命令
fr_admin@GDNG3BOSS-HDPDN108:~> lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 446.6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 156M 0 part /boot/efi
└─sda2 8:2 0 446.5G 0 part
├─rootvg-lvroot 254:0 0 2T 0 lvm /
├─rootvg-boot 254:1 0 1G 0 lvm /boot
├─rootvg-lvhome 254:2 0 1T 0 lvm /home
├─rootvg-lvlog 254:3 0 135.5G 0 lvm /var/log
├─rootvg-lvopt 254:4 0 150G 0 lvm /opt
├─rootvg-lvsrv 254:5 0 60G 0 lvm /srv/BigData
├─rootvg-lvtmp 254:6 0 20G 0 lvm /tmp
└─rootvg-lvvar 254:7 0 30G 0 lvm /var
sdb 8:16 0 5.5T 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 5.5T 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 5.5T 0 disk
└─sdc1 8:33 0 5.5T 0 part
sdd 8:48 0 5.5T 0 disk
└─sdd1 8:49 0 5.5T 0 part
sde 8:64 0 5.5T 0 disk
└─sde1 8:65 0 5.5T 0 part
sdf 8:80 0 5.5T 0 disk
└─sdf1 8:81 0 5.5T 0 part
sdg 8:96 0 5.5T 0 disk
└─sdg1 8:97 0 5.5T 0 part
sdh 8:112 0 5.5T 0 disk
└─sdh1 8:113 0 5.5T 0 part
sdi 8:128 0 5.5T 0 disk
└─sdi1 8:129 0 5.5T 0 part
sdj 8:144 0 5.5T 0 disk
└─sdj1 8:145 0 5.5T 0 part
sdk 8:160 0 5.5T 0 disk
└─sdk1 8:161 0 5.5T 0 part
├─rootvg-lvroot 254:0 0 2T 0 lvm /
└─rootvg-lvhome 254:2 0 1T 0 lvm /home
sdl 8:176 0 5.5T 0 disk
└─sdl1 8:177 0 5.5T 0 part
sdm 8:192 0 5.5T 0 disk
└─sdm1 8:193 0 5.5T 0 part
nvme0n1 259:0 0 1.5T 0 disk
5.使用fdisk /dev/sda, 创建新分区。
按照下面Linux操作进行分区。
fr_admin@GDNG3BOSS-HDPDN108:~> fdisk /dev/sdk
命令(输入 m 获取帮助): m
命令操作
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
命令(输入 m 获取帮助): n #new 新分区
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free)
l logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): p #选择主分区
分区号 (1-4,默认为 3): 3 #分区序号
起始 sector (499712-314572799,默认为 499712): #分区开始回车默认
将使用默认值 499712
Last sector, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (499712-501757,默认为 501757):
将使用默认值 501757
命令(输入 m 获取帮助): n #new 新分区
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 1 extended, 1 free)
l logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): p #选择主分区
Selected partition 4 #分区序号
起始 sector (62912512-314572799,默认为 62912512): #分区开始回车默认
将使用默认值 62912512
Last sector, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (62912512-314572799,默认为 314572799):
将使用默认值 314572799
命令(输入 m 获取帮助): t #修改分区格式
分区号 (1-5): 4 #修改分区号
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e #格式选择8e linux LVM
Changed system type of partition 4 to 8e (Linux LVM)
命令(输入 m 获取帮助): p #显示分区信息
Disk /dev/vda: 161.1 GB, 161061273600 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 312076 cylinders, total 314572800 sectors
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0001a023
设备 启动 起点 终点 块数 Id 系统
/dev/vda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux
/dev/vda2 501758 62912511 31205377 5 扩展
/dev/vda3 499712 501757 1023 83 Linux
/dev/vda4 62912512 314572799 125830144 8e Linux LVM
/dev/vda5 501760 62912511 31205376 8e Linux LVM
Partition table entries are not in disk order
命令(输入 m 获取帮助): w #保存信息
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
6.创建物理卷,使用pvcreate /dev/sdk1命令。
fr_admin@GDNG3BOSS-HDPDN108:~> pvcreate /dev/sdk1
结果:Physical volume "dev/sdk1" successfully created.
7.将添加新的物理卷,加载到rootvg卷组,使用vgextend rootvg /dev/sdk1命令。查看卷组命令vgscan或者vgdisplay
fr_admin@GDNG3BOSS-HDPDN108:~> vgextend rootvg /dev/sdk1
结果:Volume group "rootvg" successfully extended
使用以下命令可以看见卷组已被扩容
fr_admin@GDNG3BOSS-HDPDN108:~> vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name rootvg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 10
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 8
Open LV 8
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 5.89 TiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 1544951
Alloc PE / Size 114295 / 446.46 GiB
Free PE / Size 1430656 / 5.46 TiB
VG UUID HsfFSL-KBc3-ejNY-NMbf-DWSU-E9Oz-oLNJuG
8.对逻辑卷进行扩容操作
此时使用的是文件系统,查看方式为
fr_admin@GDNG3BOSS-HDPDN108:~> df -Th
文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs devtmpfs 189G 8.0K 189G 1% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 189G 80K 189G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 189G 555M 188G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 189G 0 189G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvroot xfs 20G 8.8G 12G 44% /
/dev/mapper/rootvg-boot xfs 1014M 152M 863M 15% /boot
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvsrv xfs 60G 33M 60G 1% /srv/BigData
/dev/sda1 vfat 156M 4.7M 152M 3% /boot/efi
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvvar xfs 30G 416M 30G 2% /var
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvtmp xfs 20G 136M 20G 1% /tmp
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvhome xfs 30G 37M 30G 1% /home
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvopt xfs 150G 33M 150G 1% /opt
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvlog xfs 136G 509M 135G 1% /var/log
tmpfs tmpfs 38G 20K 38G 1% /run/user/484
tmpfs tmpfs 38G 0 38G 0% /run/user/2010
tmpfs tmpfs 38G 0 38G 0% /run/user/2013
扩容1T到home目录对应文件系统命令
fr_admin@GDNG3BOSS-HDPDN108:~> lvresize -L +1024G /dev/mapper/rootvg-lvhome
9.同步文件系统即执行调整。
xfs_growfs 后边跟的是挂载点,不是文件系统,如跟文件系统会报错,如下:xfs_growfs: /dev/mapper/rootvg-lvhome is not a mounted XFS filesystem
fr_admin@GDNG3BOSS-HDPDN108:~> sudo xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/rootvg-lvhome
xfs_growfs: /dev/mapper/rootvg-lvhome is not a mounted XFS filesystem
挂载点可通过df -h查看
特别注意的是不同文件类型使用不同生效命令:
文件类型查看方式:df -Th
resize2fs [挂载点] 命令 针对的是ext2、ext3、ext4文件系统
xfs_growfs [挂载点] 命令 针对的是xfs文件系统
fr_admin@GDNG3BOSS-HDPDN108:~> xfs_growfs /home
meta-data=/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvhome isize=512 agcount=16, agsize=491520 blks
= sectsz=4096 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0 rmapbt=0
= reflink=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=7864320, imaxpct=25
= sunit=64 swidth=64 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=3840, version=2
= sectsz=4096 sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 7864320 to 276299776
10.查看扩容后的大小 ,使用df -h命令。
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs 189G 8.0K 189G 1% /dev
tmpfs 189G 80K 189G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 189G 555M 188G 1% /run
tmpfs 189G 0 189G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvroot 2.1T 8.9G 2.1T 1% /
/dev/mapper/rootvg-boot 1014M 152M 863M 15% /boot
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvsrv 60G 33M 60G 1% /srv/BigData
/dev/sda1 156M 4.7M 152M 3% /boot/efi
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvvar 30G 416M 30G 2% /var
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvtmp 20G 136M 20G 1% /tmp
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvhome 1.1T 69M 1.1T 1% /home
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvopt 150G 33M 150G 1% /opt
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvlog 136G 509M 135G 1% /var/log
tmpfs 38G 20K 38G 1% /run/user/484
tmpfs 38G 0 38G 0% /run/user/2010
tmpfs 38G 0 38G 0% /run/user/2013