Android Looper原理分析

2022-10-26 21:09:30

实际业务使用场景：

某业务场景需要将本地数据传递到服务端，服务端再返回传递成功或者失败的信息。

1、 失败时： 重传5次

2、设置客户端请求的最小时间间隔，这个间隔内最多请求1次

具体逻辑如下：（这里请求的最小时间间隔设置为：80s，防止客户端由于某种异常频繁的调用服务端，造成服务端异常）

Android Looper原理分析

实现:

handler 的实现：

public class BindHandler extends Handler {
    private final static String TAG = "BindHandler";
    private static final String DEFAULT_HANDLER_THREAD_NAME = "DeviceBindingHandlerThread";
    static final int MSG_DEVICE_BIND = 1;
    static final int MSG_DEVICE_BIND_RETRY = 2;
    private BindManager mManager;
    private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;

    BindHandler(BindManager manager){
        this(manager,createDefaultHandlerThread());
    }

    private BindHandler(BindManager manager,HandlerThread thread){
        super(thread.getLooper());
        mManager = manager;
        mHandlerThread = thread;
    }

    private static HandlerThread createDefaultHandlerThread() {
        HandlerThread handlerThread = new HandlerThread(DEFAULT_HANDLER_THREAD_NAME, Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
        handlerThread.start();
        return handlerThread;
    }

    public void quitHandlerThread(){
        if(null != mHandlerThread){
            mHandlerThread.getLooper().quit();
        }
    }

    public void startHandlerThread(){
        if(null != mHandlerThread){
            mHandlerThread.getLooper().loop();
        }
    }

    public boolean isHandlerThreadAlive(){
        return mHandlerThread.isAlive();
    }
    @Override
    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
        if(null == msg){
            return;
        }
        switch (msg.what){
            case MSG_DEVICE_BIND:
                mManager.handleBinding(true);
                break;
            case MSG_DEVICE_BIND_RETRY:
                mManager.handleBinding(false);
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }
}

上述代码中 设置了一个HandlerThread 用于开启一个线程，请求的发送运行在该线程中（获取该HandlerThread的Looper，用该Looper初始化Handler，这样就可以将该Handler中handleMessage函数运行在开辟的线程中）。

通过Looper.quit函数结束该线程,否者该线程的Looper一直在循环等待消息的到来，占用资源（在HandlerThread已经失去价值的时候应该及时停掉它）。

 方法1： mHandlerThread.getLooper().quit();
//方法2: mHandlerThread.quit();
  方法3：mHandlerThread.getLooper().quitSafely();
//方法4：mHandlerThread.quitSafely();

1 和 2 结束的方法等同，不管消息队列中有没有消息都结束该线程。

3 和 4 中如果消息队列中有消息，则不会立刻结束，待处理完消息队列中的消息在结束该线程（处理过程中达到的消息不再处理）

请求管理类：

1、 请求管理类中定义自变量： mBindHandler，用于发送消息

2、设置重传策略

3、设置防止频繁调用的策略，（检查消息队列中是否有消息，如果有则丢弃该消息）

      mBindHandler.hasMessages(BindHandler.MSG_DEVICE_BIND_RETRY)

具体代码不再详细分析

HandlerThread 使用详解

/**
 * Handy class for starting a new thread that has a looper. The looper can then be 
 * used to create handler classes. Note that start() must still be called.
 */
public class HandlerThread extends Thread {
    int mPriority;
    int mTid = -1;
    Looper mLooper;
    private @Nullable Handler mHandler;

    public

HandlerThread(String name)

 {
        super(name);
        mPriority = Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_DEFAULT;
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a HandlerThread.
     * @param name
     * @param priority The priority to run the thread at. The value supplied must be from 
     * {@link android.os.Process} and not from java.lang.Thread.
     */
    public

HandlerThread(String name, int priority)

 {
        super(name);
        mPriority = priority;
    }

    /**
     * Call back method that can be explicitly overridden if needed to execute some
     * setup before Looper loops.
     */
    protected void onLooperPrepared() {
    }

    @Override

public void run() {

        mTid = Process.myTid();

Looper.prepare();

        synchronized (this) {
            mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
            notifyAll(); //

唤醒等待线程

        }
        Process.setThreadPriority(mPriority);
        onLooperPrepared();

Looper.loop();

        mTid = -1;
    }

    /**
     * This method returns the Looper associated with this thread. If this thread not been started
     * or for any reason isAlive() returns false, this method will return null. If this thread
     * has been started, this method will block until the looper has been initialized.  
     * @return The looper.
     */
    public Looper

getLooper()

 {   //如果该线程没有start 则处于等待状态，当调用start后，notify
        if (!isAlive()) {
            return null;
        }

        // If the thread has been started, wait until the looper has been created.
        synchronized (this) {
            while (isAlive() && mLooper == null) {
                try {
                    wait();    //线程没有开启则处于等待状态
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                }
            }
        }
        return mLooper;
    }

    /**
     * @return a shared {@link Handler} associated with this thread
     * @hide
     */
    @NonNull
    public

Handler getThreadHandler()

 {
        if (mHandler == null) {
            mHandler = new Handler(getLooper());
        }
        return mHandler;
    }

    /**
     * Quits the handler thread's looper.
     * <p>
     * Causes the handler thread's looper to terminate without processing any
     * more messages in the message queue.
     * </p><p>
     * Any attempt to post messages to the queue after the looper is asked to quit will fail.
     * For example, the {@link Handler#sendMessage(Message)} method will return false.
     * </p><p class="note">
     * Using this method may be unsafe because some messages may not be delivered
     * before the looper terminates.  Consider using {@link #quitSafely} instead to ensure
     * that all pending work is completed in an orderly manner.
     * </p>
     *
     * @return True if the looper looper has been asked to quit or false if the
     * thread had not yet started running.
     *
     * @see #quitSafely
     */
    public boolean

quit()

 {
        Looper looper = getLooper();
        if (looper != null) {
            looper.quit();
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Quits the handler thread's looper safely.
     * <p>
     * Causes the handler thread's looper to terminate as soon as all remaining messages
     * in the message queue that are already due to be delivered have been handled.
     * Pending delayed messages with due times in the future will not be delivered.
     * </p><p>
     * Any attempt to post messages to the queue after the looper is asked to quit will fail.
     * For example, the {@link Handler#sendMessage(Message)} method will return false.
     * </p><p>
     * If the thread has not been started or has finished (that is if
     * {@link #getLooper} returns null), then false is returned.
     * Otherwise the looper is asked to quit and true is returned.
     * </p>
     *
     * @return True if the looper looper has been asked to quit or false if the
     * thread had not yet started running.
     */
    public boolean

quitSafely()

 {
        Looper looper = getLooper();
        if (looper != null) {
            looper.quitSafely();
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the identifier of this thread. See Process.myTid().
     */
    public int getThreadId() {
        return mTid;
    }
}

 从源码可以看出HandlerThread继续自Thread,构造函数的传递参数有两个，一个是name指的是线程的名称，一个是priority指的是线程优先级，我们根据需要调用即可。其中成员变量mLooper就是HandlerThread自己持有的Looper对象。onLooperPrepared()该方法是一个空实现，是留给我们必要时可以去重写的，但是注意重写时机是在Looper循环启动前，再看看THread的run方法.

前面我们在HandlerThread的常规使用中分析过，在创建HandlerThread对象后必须调用其start()方法才能进行其他操作，而调用start()方法后相当于启动了线程，也就是run方法将会被调用，而我们从run源码中可以看出其执行了Looper.prepare()代码，这时Looper对象将被创建，当Looper对象被创建后将绑定在当前线程（也就是当前异步线程），这样我们才可以把Looper对象赋值给Handler对象，进而确保Handler对象中的handleMessage方法是在异步线程执行的。

synchronized (this) {

mLooper = Looper.myLooper();

notifyAll(); //唤醒等待线程

}

这里在Looper对象创建后将其赋值给HandlerThread的内部变量mLooper，并通过notifyAll()方法去唤醒等待线程，最后执行Looper.loop();代码，开启looper循环语句。那这里为什么要唤醒等待线程呢？我们来看看，getLooper方法

  • HandlerThread本质上是一个线程类，它继承了Thread；
  • HandlerThread有自己的内部Looper对象，可以进行looper循环；
  • 通过获取HandlerThread的looper对象传递给Handler对象，可以在handleMessage方法中执行异步任务。
  • 创建HandlerThread后必须先调用HandlerThread.start()方法，Thread会先调用run方法，创建Looper对象。

参考：  http://blog.csdn.net/javazejian/article/details/52426353

Lopper.java 源码分析

Looper的核心代码：

public static void loop() {

Looper me = myLooper();

if (me == null) {

throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");

}

MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;

// Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process, and keep track of what that identity token actually is.

Binder.clearCallingIdentity();

final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();

while (true) {

Message msg = queue.next(); // might block

if (msg != null) {

if (msg.target == null) { // target为null，结束消息，结束循环

// No target is a magic identifier for the quit message.

return;

}

}

}

private Looper() {

mQueue = new MessageQueue();

mRun = true;

mThread = Thread.currentThread();

}

public void quit() {

Message msg = Message.obtain();

// NOTE: By enqueueing directly into the message queue, the message is left with a null target. This is how we know it is a quit message

// 发送一个target为null的消息，作为结束

mQueue.enqueueMessage(msg, 0);

}

我看到里面是一个无限循环，退出循环的条件是：msg.target == null;

也就是说，如果我们向此looper的MessageQueue发送一个target为null的message，就可以停止这个线程的远行。（查看Looper.quit代码可以验证这一点）。

使用Looper.prepare()、Looper.loop()为Thread添加消息队列后，该线程便开启了。

使用总结

1. Looper类用来为一个线程开启一个消息循环。
    默认情况下android中新诞生的线程是没有开启消息循环的。（主线程除外，主线程系统会自动为其创建Looper对象，开启消息循环。）
    Looper对象通过MessageQueue来存放消息和事件。一个线程只能有一个Looper，对应一个MessageQueue。（如果对一个已经quit的Looper重新start会出现异常）
2. 通常是通过Handler对象来与Looper进行交互的。Handler可看做是Looper的一个接口，用来向指定的Looper发送消息及定义处理方法。
    默认情况下Handler会与其被定义时所在线程的Looper绑定，比如，Handler在主线程中定义，那么它是与主线程的Looper绑定。
mainHandler = new Handler() 等价于new Handler（Looper.myLooper()）.
Looper.myLooper()：获取当前进程的looper对象，类似的 Looper.getMainLooper() 用于获取主线程的Looper对象。
3. 在非主线程中直接new Handler() 会报如下的错误:
E/AndroidRuntime( 6173): Uncaught handler: thread Thread-8 exiting due to uncaught exception
E/AndroidRuntime( 6173): java.lang.RuntimeException: Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()
原因是非主线程中默认没有创建Looper对象，需要先调用Looper.prepare()启用Looper。
4. Looper.loop(); 让Looper开始工作，从消息队列里取消息，处理消息。
    注意：写在Looper.loop()之后的代码不会被执行，这个函数内部应该是一个循环，当调用mHandler.getLooper().quit()后，loop才会中止，其后的代码才能得以运行。
5. 基于以上知识，可实现主线程给子线程（非主线程）发送消息。

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