队列作为线性表的另一个数据结构,只允许在表的前端进行删除操作,而在表的后端进行插入操作,和栈一样,队列是一种操作受限制的线性表。
先来看下用法:
Queue queue = new Queue(); queue.Enqueue(1); queue.Enqueue(2); queue.Enqueue(3); queue.Enqueue(4); foreach (var r in queue) { Console.Write($"data:{r} "); } Console.WriteLine(); Console.WriteLine($"peek:{queue.Peek()}"); queue.Dequeue(); queue.Enqueue(5); queue.Enqueue(6); Console.WriteLine();
打印结果:
public class MyQueue { /// <summary> /// 存储栈结构 /// </summary> public object[] content { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 队列第一个节点 /// </summary> public int head { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 对列最后一个节点 /// </summary> public int tail { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 队列长度 /// </summary> public int size { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 增长因子 100 == 1.0 /// </summary> public int growFactor { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 最小增加量 /// </summary> private const int minimumGrow = 4; private const int _ShrinkThreshold = 32; /// <summary> /// 初始化 /// </summary> public MyQueue() : this(32, (float)2.0) { } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="capacity">队列长度</param> /// <param name="growFactor">增长因子</param> public MyQueue(int capacity, float _growFactor) { if (capacity < 0) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("参数错误"); if (!(_growFactor >= 1.0 && _growFactor <= 10.0)) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("增长因子不在范围内"); content = new Object[capacity]; head = 0; tail = 0; size = 0; growFactor = (int)(_growFactor * 100); } /// <summary> /// 在队列尾处添加节点 /// </summary> /// <param name="obj"></param> public virtual void Enqueue(object obj) { if (size == content.Length) { //计算扩展后的队列长度 int newCapacity = (int)(content.Length * growFactor / 100); if (newCapacity < content.Length + newCapacity) { newCapacity = content.Length + minimumGrow; } SetCapacity(newCapacity); } content[tail] = obj; tail = (tail + 1) % content.Length; size++; } /// <summary> /// 在队列头部出栈 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public virtual Object Dequeue() { if (size == 0) throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("空队列"); object rem = content[head]; content[head] = null; head = (head + 1) % content.Length; size--; return rem; } public virtual Object Peek() { if (size == 0) throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("空队列"); return content[head]; } /// <summary> /// 扩展队列 /// </summary> /// <param name="capacity"></param> private void SetCapacity(int capacity) { object[] newArray = new object[capacity]; if (size > 0) { if (head < tail) { Array.Copy(content, head, newArray, 0, size); } else { Array.Copy(content, head, newArray, 0, content.Length - head); Array.Copy(content, 0, newArray, content.Length - head, head); } } content = newArray; head = 0; tail = (size == capacity) ? 0 : size; } public void ShowAll() { for (int i = head; i < size; i++) { Console.Write($"index:{i},data:{content[i]} "); } Console.WriteLine("——————————————————————"); } }
测试:
MyQueue queue = new MyQueue(); queue.Enqueue(1); queue.Enqueue(2); queue.Enqueue(3); queue.Enqueue(4); queue.ShowAll(); Console.WriteLine($"peek:{queue.Peek()}"); queue.Dequeue(); queue.Enqueue(5); queue.Enqueue(6); queue.ShowAll(); Console.ReadLine();
实现方式:
通过object对象数组,存储队列中的节点数据,另外定义两个指针分别指向队列的头部节点以及尾部节点。
Enqueue入队时,(如果队列长度达到数组最大长度,则通过扩展数组(队列长度 * 增长因子)来增加数组长度)通过在对尾附加节点来实现的。
Dequeue出队时,通过头指针后移实现出队列。
另外未实现地方,为节省内存空间,数组中出队后的空间也要加入到后续入队时用到的闲置位置。
以上方法都是以虚方法的方式实现的,便于后续重写(例如线程安全队列)。
打印结果: