MySQL主从
主从介绍
在现代企业中,数据显得尤为重要,而存储数据的数据库选择又五花八门,但无论是何种数据库,均存在着一种隐患。
主从作用
- 实时灾备,用于故障切换
- 读写分离,提供查询服务
- 备份,避免影响业务
主从形式
- 一主一从
- 主主复制
- 一主多从---扩展系统读取的性能,因为读是在从库读取的
- 多主一从---5.7开始支持
- 联级复制
主从复制原理
主从复制步骤:
- 主库将所有的写操作记录到binlog日志中并生成一个log dump线程,将binlog日志传给从库的I/O线程
- 从库生成两个线程,一个I/O线程,一个SQL线程
- I/O线程去请求主库的binlog,并将得到的binlog日志写到relay log(中继日志) 文件中
- SQL线程,会读取relay log文件中的日志,并解析成具体操作,来实现主从的操作一致,达到最终数据一致的目的
主从复制配置
主从复制配置步骤:
1、确保从数据库与主数据库里的数据一样
2.在主数据库里创建一个同步账号授权给从数据库使用
3.配置主数据库(修改配置文件)
4.配置从数据库(修改配置文件)
mysql主从配置实例:
//先查看主库有哪些库
[root@master ~]# mysql -uroot -pzs123! -e 'show databases;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
//再查看从库有哪些库
[root@servera ~]# mysql -uroot -pzs123! -e 'show databases;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
在主数据库里创建一个同步账号授权给从数据库使用
授权
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.145.170' identified by'repl123!'
-> ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
刷新
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
配置主数据库
添加如下内容
[root@master ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
port = 3306
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
pid-file = /opt/data/mysqld.pid
skip-name-resolve
# replication slave config
log-bin = mysql_bin
server-id = 10
重启mysql服务
[root@master ~]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
查看主库的状态
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql_bin.000001 | 154 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
配置从数据库
添加如下内容
[root@servera ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
port = 3306
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
pid-file = /opt/data/mysqld.pid
skip-name-resolve
# replication slave config
server-id = 20
relay-log = mysql_relay
重启从库的mysql服务
[root@servera ~]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
配置并启动主从复制
mysql> change master to
-> master_host='192.168.145.169',
-> master_user='repl',
-> master_password='repl123!',
-> master_log_file='mysql_bin.000001',
-> master_log_pos=154;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
查看从服务器状态
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.145.169
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_File: mysql_relay.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_Space: 523
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 10
Master_UUID: 2532827f-09a2-11ec-9fd2-000c298fc665
Master_Info_File: /opt/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
测试验证
主服务器上创建zs数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create database zs;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| zs |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
从服务器查看数据库是否同步
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| zs |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
第二种方式
主数据库上面有数据
查看主数据库有哪些库
[root@master ~]# mysql -uroot -pzs123! -e 'show databases;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| school |
| sys |
+--------------------+
查看从数据库有哪些库
[root@servera ~]# mysql -uroot -pzs123! -e 'show databases;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
全备主库
全备主库时需要另开一个终端,给数据库加上读锁,避免在备份期间有其他人在写入导致数据不一致
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
测试读锁
mysql> show processlist;
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+------------------------------+----------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+------------------------------+----------------------+
| 6 | root | localhost | NULL | Query | 0 | starting | show processlist |
| 7 | root | localhost | NULL | Query | 17 | Waiting for global read lock | create database info |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+------------------------------+----------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
终止命令
mysql> kill 7;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show processlist;
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+----------+------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+----------+------------------+
| 6 | root | localhost | NULL | Query | 0 | starting | show processlist |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+----------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
备份文件并将备份文件传送到从库
[root@master ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pzs123! --all-databases > all.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
scp all.sql 192.168.145.170:/root/
The authenticity of host '192.168.145.170 (192.168.145.170)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:t40x15ktcpMljOGJDYGl/mBzhl7pKNTCrzQ4D5mLaos.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.145.170' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.145.170's password:
Permission denied, please try again.
root@192.168.145.170's password:
Permission denied, please try again.
root@192.168.145.170's password:
all.sql 100% 853KB 60.8MB/s 00:00
从服务器恢复备份并查看
[root@servera ~]# ls
公共 视频 文档 音乐 all.sql initial-setup-ks.cfg
模板 图片 下载 桌面 anaconda-ks.cfg pass
[root@servera ~]# mysql -uroot -pzs123! < all.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@servera ~]# mysql -uroot -pzs123! -e 'show databases;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| school |
| sys |
+--------------------+
在主数据库里创建一个同步账号授权给从数据库使用
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.145.170' identified by 'repl123!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (7.70 sec)
刷新
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
配置主数据库
修改配置文件
[root@master ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
port = 3306
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
pid-file = /opt/data/mysqld.pid
skip-name-resolve
server-id = 10
log-bin = mysql_bin
重启服务
[root@master ~]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
查看主库的状态
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql_bin.000001 | 154 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
配置从数据库
修改配置文件
[root@servera ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
port = 3306
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
pid-file = /opt/data/mysqld.pid
skip-name-resolve
server-id = 20
relay-log = mysql-relay
重启服务
[root@servera ~]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
配置并启动主从复制
mysql> change master to
-> master_host='192.168.145.169',
-> master_user='repl',
-> master_password='repl123!',
-> master_log_file='mysql_bin.000001',
-> master_log_pos=154;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
查看从服务器状态
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.145.169
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_Space: 523
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 10
Master_UUID: 148a6b3c-09ac-11ec-8dfc-000c298fc665
Master_Info_File: /opt/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
测试验证
查看主服务器数据
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| school |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use school
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from student;
+----+----------+------+
| id | name | age |
+----+----------+------+
| 1 | tom | 10 |
| 2 | zhangsan | 20 |
| 3 | lisi | 15 |
+----+----------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查看从服务器数据
mysql> select * from student;
+----+----------+------+
| id | name | age |
+----+----------+------+
| 1 | tom | 10 |
| 2 | zhangsan | 20 |
| 3 | lisi | 15 |
+----+----------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
主服务器插入数据
mysql> insert student(name,age) value('wangwu',28);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from student;
+----+----------+------+
| id | name | age |
+----+----------+------+
| 1 | tom | 10 |
| 2 | zhangsan | 20 |
| 3 | lisi | 15 |
| 4 | wangwu | 28 |
+----+----------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
从服务器查看数据
mysql> select * from student;
+----+----------+------+
| id | name | age |
+----+----------+------+
| 1 | tom | 10 |
| 2 | zhangsan | 20 |
| 3 | lisi | 15 |
| 4 | wangwu | 28 |
+----+----------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)