使用Axis编写WebService比较简单,就我的理解,WebService的实现代码和编写Java代码其实没有什么区别,主要是将哪些Java类发布为WebService。下面是一个从编写测试例子到发布WebService,以及编写测试代码的过程介绍。
本例子的WebService提供了两个方法,分别是sayHello和sayHelloToPerson,第一个只是返回一个"Hello"字符串,没有参数,第二个函数接受一个字符串作为参数,返回"Hello 参数值",该例子比较简单,但是清楚的说明了从编写代码到发布为WebService以及测试编写好的WebService全过程。
编写服务代码
服务代码提供了两个函数,分别为sayHello和sayHelloToPerson,源代码如下:
- /*
- * File name: HelloService.java
- *
- * Version: v1.0
- *
- * Created on Aug 2, 2008 9:40:20 AM
- *
- * Designed by Stephen
- *
- * (c)Copyright 2008
- */
- package com.sinosoft.webservice;
- /** *//**
- * @author Stephen
- *
- * Test web service
- */
- public class HelloService {
- /** *//**
- * 不带参数的函数
- *
- * @return 返回Hello字符串
- */
- public String sayHello() {
- return "Hello";
- }
- /** *//**
- * 带参数的函数
- *
- * @param name
- * 名称
- * @return 返回加上名称的欢迎词
- */
- public String sayHelloToPerson(String name) {
- if (name == null || name.equals("")) {
- name = "nobody";
- }
- return "Hello " + name;
- }
- }
发布WebService
要将上边写的HelloService类发布为WebService,需要先搭建Web应用。下面是在Tomcat下使用Axis(http://ws.apache.org/axis/)创建WebService服务的例子。
在Tomcat下创建Web应用
在该例子中,在Tomcat下创建了一个context path为ws的WEB应用。
1. 在myeclipse中创建WebServiceTest的webproject
2. 在WEB-INF文件夹下web.xml文件,该文件的内容如下:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
- <!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web
- Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">
- <web-app>
- <display-name>Apache-Axis</display-name>
- <listener>
- <listener-class>org.apache.axis.transport.http.AxisHTTPSessionListener</listener-class>
- </listener>
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>
- <display-name>Apache-Axis Servlet</display-name>
- <servlet-class>
- org.apache.axis.transport.http.AxisServlet
- </servlet-class>
- </servlet>
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>AdminServlet</servlet-name>
- <display-name>Axis Admin Servlet</display-name>
- <servlet-class>
- org.apache.axis.transport.http.AdminServlet
- </servlet-class>
- <load-on-startup>100</load-on-startup>
- </servlet>
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>SOAPMonitorService</servlet-name>
- <display-name>SOAPMonitorService</display-name>
- <servlet-class>
- org.apache.axis.monitor.SOAPMonitorService
- </servlet-class>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>SOAPMonitorPort</param-name>
- <param-value>5001</param-value>
- </init-param>
- <load-on-startup>100</load-on-startup>
- </servlet>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>/servlet/AxisServlet</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>*.jws</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>/services/*</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>SOAPMonitorService</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>/SOAPMonitor</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
- <!-- uncomment this if you want the admin servlet -->
- <!--
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>AdminServlet</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>/servlet/AdminServlet</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
- -->
- <session-config>
- <!-- Default to 5 minute session timeouts -->
- <session-timeout>5</session-timeout>
- </session-config>
- <!-- currently the W3C havent settled on a media type for WSDL;
- http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-wsdl12-20030303/#ietf-draft
- for now we go with the basic 'it's XML' response -->
- <mime-mapping>
- <extension>wsdl</extension>
- <mime-type>text/xml</mime-type>
- </mime-mapping>
- <mime-mapping>
- <extension>xsd</extension>
- <mime-type>text/xml</mime-type>
- </mime-mapping>
- <welcome-file-list id="WelcomeFileList">
- <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
- <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
- <welcome-file>index.jws</welcome-file>
- </welcome-file-list>
- </web-app>
在上面的web.xml中主要是配置了axis的相关配置。
axis的相关配置
在上述的web.xml文件中已经对axis进行了配置,但是还需要进行额外的配置。
复制axis相关的jar文件
将axis的相关jar文件复制到WEB-INF\lib文件夹下。这些文件包括:
activation.jar
axis.jar
axis-ant.jar
commons-discovery-0.2.jar
commons-logging-1.0.4.jar
jaxrpc.jar
log4j-1.2.8.jar
saaj.jar
wsdl4j-1.5.1.jar
测试发布的Web应用
启动Tomcat服务,打开IE浏览器,访问地址http://127.0.0.1:8080/WebServiceTest/services,如果看到如下界面就说明AXIS部署成功了。
发布WebService
发布WebService需要使用现有的AdminService来实现,这里我写了一个批处理文件来发布WebService,以后如果需要发布其他文件,只需要修改相应的参数就可以了。
创建deploy.wsdd文件
文件deploy.wsdd内容如下所示:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <deployment xmlns="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/" xmlns:java="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/providers/java">
- <service name="HelloServices" provider="java:RPC">
- <parameter name="className" value="com.sinosoft.webservice.HelloService"/>
- <parameter name="allowedMethods" value="*"/>
- </service>
- </deployment>
创建发布WebService服务的批处理文件
批处理文件deploywebservice.bat内容如下:
- java -cp axis-ant.jar;axis-schema.jar;axis.jar;commons-discovery-0.2.jar;commons-logging-1.0.4.jar;jaxrpc.jar;log4j-1.2.8.jar;saaj.jar;wsdl4j-1.5.1.jar;xmlsec-1.3.0.jar org.apache.axis.client.AdminClient -lhttp://localhost:8080/WebServiceTest/services/AdminService deploy.wsdd
- pause
其中上面的jar包我都拷到和bat文件在同一个目录,现在将所有的jar文件都加入到classpath中进行执行。
-l后的参数是本地要发布WebService的AdminService对应的访问地址。
最后deploy.wsdd是对应的配置文件名称。
发布WebService服务
将deploy.wsdd文件和deploywebservice.bat文件复制到同一个文件夹下,执行deploywebservice.bat批处理文件,就可以将deploy.wsdd中描述的Java类发布为WebService。发布完成之后在访问http://host:port/ws/services如下图所示:
从上图可以看出,发布成功后,多了一个HelloServices的服务。这样就说明HelloService发布成功了。
查看HelloServices的wsdl
访问http://127.0.0.1:8080/WebServiceTest/services/HelloServices?wsdl可以看到如下wsdl的内容:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <wsdl:definitions targetNamespace="http://127.0.0.1:8080/WebServiceTest/services/HelloServices" xmlns:apachesoap="http://xml.apache.org/xml-soap" xmlns:impl="http://127.0.0.1:8080/WebServiceTest/services/HelloServices" xmlns:intf="http://127.0.0.1:8080/WebServiceTest/services/HelloServices" xmlns:soapenc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsdlsoap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
- <!--WSDL created by Apache Axis version: 1.4
- Built on Apr 22, 2006 (06:55:48 PDT)-->
- <wsdl:message name="sayHelloToPersonRequest">
- <wsdl:part name="name" type="soapenc:string"/>
- </wsdl:message>
- <wsdl:message name="sayHelloRequest">
- </wsdl:message>
- <wsdl:message name="sayHelloToPersonResponse">
- <wsdl:part name="sayHelloToPersonReturn" type="soapenc:string"/>
- </wsdl:message>
- <wsdl:message name="sayHelloResponse">
- <wsdl:part name="sayHelloReturn" type="soapenc:string"/>
- </wsdl:message>
- <wsdl:portType name="HelloService">
- <wsdl:operation name="sayHello">
- <wsdl:input message="impl:sayHelloRequest" name="sayHelloRequest"/>
- <wsdl:output message="impl:sayHelloResponse" name="sayHelloResponse"/>
- </wsdl:operation>
- <wsdl:operation name="sayHelloToPerson" parameterOrder="name">
- <wsdl:input message="impl:sayHelloToPersonRequest" name="sayHelloToPersonRequest"/>
- <wsdl:output message="impl:sayHelloToPersonResponse" name="sayHelloToPersonResponse"/>
- </wsdl:operation>
- </wsdl:portType>
- <wsdl:binding name="HelloServicesSoapBinding" type="impl:HelloService">
- <wsdlsoap:binding style="rpc" transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"/>
- <wsdl:operation name="sayHello">
- <wsdlsoap:operation soapAction=""/>
- <wsdl:input name="sayHelloRequest">
- <wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://webservice.sinosoft.com" use="encoded"/>
- </wsdl:input>
- <wsdl:output name="sayHelloResponse">
- <wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://127.0.0.1:8080/WebServiceTest/services/HelloServices" use="encoded"/>
- </wsdl:output>
- </wsdl:operation>
- <wsdl:operation name="sayHelloToPerson">
- <wsdlsoap:operation soapAction=""/>
- <wsdl:input name="sayHelloToPersonRequest">
- <wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://webservice.sinosoft.com" use="encoded"/>
- </wsdl:input>
- <wsdl:output name="sayHelloToPersonResponse">
- <wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://127.0.0.1:8080/WebServiceTest/services/HelloServices" use="encoded"/>
- </wsdl:output>
- </wsdl:operation>
- </wsdl:binding>
- <wsdl:service name="HelloServiceService">
- <wsdl:port binding="impl:HelloServicesSoapBinding" name="HelloServices">
- <wsdlsoap:address location="http://127.0.0.1:8080/WebServiceTest/services/HelloServices"/>
- </wsdl:port>
- </wsdl:service>
- </wsdl:definitions>
用Java调用WebService实例
下面是用Java调用刚发布的WebService例子。
- /*
- * File name: TestHelloService.java
- *
- * Version: v1.0
- *
- * Created on Aug 2, 2008 9:54:10 AM
- *
- * Designed by Stephen
- *
- * (c)Copyright 2008
- */
- package test.com.sinosoft.webservice;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.net.MalformedURLException;
- import javax.xml.namespace.QName;
- import javax.xml.rpc.ServiceException;
- import org.apache.axis.client.Call;
- import org.apache.axis.client.Service;
- import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
- import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
- /**
- * @author Stephen
- *
- * 测试调用WebService
- */
- public class TestHelloService {
- private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(TestHelloService.class);
- private static final String HELLO_SERVICE_ENDPOINT = "http://127.0.0.1:8080/WebServiceTest/services/HelloServices?wsdl";
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- TestHelloService tester = new TestHelloService();
- // tester.callSayHello();
- tester.callSayHelloToPerson();
- }
- public void callSayHello() {
- try {
- Service service = new Service();
- Call call = (Call) service.createCall();
- call.setTargetEndpointAddress(new java.net.URL(
- HELLO_SERVICE_ENDPOINT));
- //下面名字查询的http://127.0.0.1:8080/WebServiceTest/services/HelloServices?wsdl文件里有
- call.setOperationName(new QName("http://webservice.sinosoft.com/",
- "sayHello"));
- call.setReturnType(org.apache.axis.Constants.XSD_STRING);
- try {
- //远程调用发布的方法
- String ret = (String) call.invoke(new Object[] {});
- System.out.println("The return value is:" + ret);
- return;
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (ServiceException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- log.error("call sayHello service error!");
- }
- public void callSayHelloToPerson() {
- try {
- Service service = new Service();
- Call call = (Call) service.createCall();
- call.setTargetEndpointAddress(new java.net.URL(HELLO_SERVICE_ENDPOINT));
- call.setOperationName(new QName("http://webservice.sinosoft.com/",
- "sayHelloToPerson"));
- call.addParameter("name", org.apache.axis.Constants.XSD_STRING,
- javax.xml.rpc.ParameterMode.IN);
- call.setReturnType(org.apache.axis.Constants.XSD_STRING);
- try {
- String ret = (String) call.invoke(new Object[] { "Stephen" });
- System.out.println("The return value is:" + ret);
- return;
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (ServiceException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- log.error("call sayHello service error!");
- }
- }