注:本文来源:sdyy321的《mockito简单教程》
API文档:http://docs.mockito.googlecode.com/hg/org/mockito/Mockito.html
项目源码:https://github.com/mockito/mockito
首先添加maven依赖
1 <dependency>
2 <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
3 <artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId>
4 <version>1.9.5</version>
5 <scope>test</scope>
6 </dependency>
当然mockito需要junit配合使用
1 <dependency>
2 <groupId>junit</groupId>
3 <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
4 <version>4.11</version>
5 <scope>test</scope>
6 </dependency>
然后为了使代码更简洁,最好在测试类中导入静态资源
1 import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
2 import static org.junit.Assert.*;
下面我们开始使用mockito来做测试
1、验证行为
1 @Test
2 public void verify_behaviour(){
3 //模拟创建一个List对象
4 List mock = mock(List.class);
5 //使用mock的对象
6 mock.add(1);
7 mock.clear();
8 //验证add(1)和clear()行为是否发生
9 verify(mock).add(1);
10 verify(mock).clear();
11 }
2、模拟我们所期望的结果
1 @Test
2 public void when_thenReturn(){
3 //mock一个Iterator类
4 Iterator iterator = mock(Iterator.class);
5 //预设当iterator调用next()时第一次返回hello,第n次都返回world
6 when(iterator.next()).thenReturn("hello").thenReturn("world");
7 //使用mock的对象
8 String result = iterator.next() + " " + iterator.next() + " " + iterator.next();
9 //验证结果
10 assertEquals("hello world world",result);
11 }
12
13 @Test(expected = IOException.class)
14 public void when_thenThrow() throws IOException {
15 OutputStream outputStream = mock(OutputStream.class);
16 OutputStreamWriter writer = new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream);
17 //预设当流关闭时抛出异常
18 doThrow(new IOException()).when(outputStream).close();
19 outputStream.close();
20 }
3、参数匹配
1 @Test
2 public void with_arguments(){
3 Comparable comparable = mock(Comparable.class);
4 //预设根据不同的参数返回不同的结果
5 when(comparable.compareTo("Test")).thenReturn(1);
6 when(comparable.compareTo("Omg")).thenReturn(2);
7 assertEquals(1, comparable.compareTo("Test"));
8 assertEquals(2, comparable.compareTo("Omg"));
9 //对于没有预设的情况会返回默认值
10 assertEquals(0, comparable.compareTo("Not stub"));
11 }
除了匹配制定参数外,还可以匹配自己想要的任意参数
1 @Test
2 public void with_unspecified_arguments(){
3 List list = mock(List.class);
4 //匹配任意参数
5 when(list.get(anyInt())).thenReturn(1);
6 when(list.contains(argThat(new IsValid()))).thenReturn(true);
7 assertEquals(1, list.get(1));
8 assertEquals(1, list.get(999));
9 assertTrue(list.contains(1));
10 assertTrue(!list.contains(3));
11 }
12
13 private class IsValid extends ArgumentMatcher<List>{
14 @Override
15 public boolean matches(Object o) {
16 return o == 1 || o == 2;
17 }
18 }
需要注意的是如果你使用了参数匹配,那么所有的参数都必须通过matchers来匹配
1 @Test
2 public void all_arguments_provided_by_matchers(){
3 Comparator comparator = mock(Comparator.class);
4 comparator.compare("nihao","hello");
5 //如果你使用了参数匹配,那么所有的参数都必须通过matchers来匹配
6 verify(comparator).compare(anyString(),eq("hello"));
7 //下面的为无效的参数匹配使用
8 //verify(comparator).compare(anyString(),"hello");
9 }
4、验证确切的调用次数
1 @Test
2 public void verifying_number_of_invocations(){
3 List list = mock(List.class);
4 list.add(1);
5 list.add(2);
6 list.add(2);
7 list.add(3);
8 list.add(3);
9 list.add(3);
10 //验证是否被调用一次,等效于下面的times(1)
11 verify(list).add(1);
12 verify(list,times(1)).add(1);
13 //验证是否被调用2次
14 verify(list,times(2)).add(2);
15 //验证是否被调用3次
16 verify(list,times(3)).add(3);
17 //验证是否从未被调用过
18 verify(list,never()).add(4);
19 //验证至少调用一次
20 verify(list,atLeastOnce()).add(1);
21 //验证至少调用2次
22 verify(list,atLeast(2)).add(2);
23 //验证至多调用3次
24 verify(list,atMost(3)).add(3);
25 }
6、验证执行顺序
1 @Test
2 public void verification_in_order(){
3 List list = mock(List.class);
4 List list2 = mock(List.class);
5 list.add(1);
6 list2.add("hello");
7 list.add(2);
8 list2.add("world");
9 //将需要排序的mock对象放入InOrder
10 InOrder inOrder = inOrder(list,list2);
11 //下面的代码不能颠倒顺序,验证执行顺序
12 inOrder.verify(list).add(1);
13 inOrder.verify(list2).add("hello");
14 inOrder.verify(list).add(2);
15 inOrder.verify(list2).add("world");
16 }
7、确保模拟对象上无互动发生
1 @Test
2 public void verify_interaction(){
3 List list = mock(List.class);
4 List list2 = mock(List.class);
5 List list3 = mock(List.class);
6 list.add(1);
7 verify(list).add(1);
8 verify(list,never()).add(2);
9 //验证零互动行为
10 verifyZeroInteractions(list2,list3);
11 }
8、找出冗余的互动(即未被验证到的)
1 @Test(expected = NoInteractionsWanted.class)
2 public void find_redundant_interaction(){
3 List list = mock(List.class);
4 list.add(1);
5 list.add(2);
6 verify(list,times(2)).add(anyInt());
7 //检查是否有未被验证的互动行为,因为add(1)和add(2)都会被上面的anyInt()验证到,所以下面的代码会通过
8 verifyNoMoreInteractions(list);
9
10 List list2 = mock(List.class);
11 list2.add(1);
12 list2.add(2);
13 verify(list2).add(1);
14 //检查是否有未被验证的互动行为,因为add(2)没有被验证,所以下面的代码会失败抛出异常
15 verifyNoMoreInteractions(list2);
16 }
9、使用注解来快速模拟
在上面的测试中我们在每个测试方法里都mock了一个List对象,为了避免重复的mock,是测试类更具有可读性,我们可以使用下面的注解方式来快速模拟对象:
1 @Mock
2 private List mockList;
OK,我们再用注解的mock对象试试
1 @Test
2 public void shorthand(){
3 mockList.add(1);
4 verify(mockList).add(1);
5 }
运行这个测试类你会发现报错了,mock的对象为NULL,为此我们必须在基类中添加初始化mock的代码
1 public class MockitoExample2 {
2 @Mock
3 private List mockList;
4
5 public MockitoExample2(){
6 MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
7 }
8
9 @Test
10 public void shorthand(){
11 mockList.add(1);
12 verify(mockList).add(1);
13 }
14 }
或者使用built-in runner:MockitoJUnitRunner
1 @RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
2 public class MockitoExample2 {
3 @Mock
4 private List mockList;
5
6 @Test
7 public void shorthand(){
8 mockList.add(1);
9 verify(mockList).add(1);
10 }
11 }
更多的注解还有@Captor,@Spy,@InjectMocks
10、连续调用
1 @Test(expected = RuntimeException.class)
2 public void consecutive_calls(){
3 //模拟连续调用返回期望值,如果分开,则只有最后一个有效
4 when(mockList.get(0)).thenReturn(0);
5 when(mockList.get(0)).thenReturn(1);
6 when(mockList.get(0)).thenReturn(2);
7 when(mockList.get(1)).thenReturn(0).thenReturn(1).thenThrow(new RuntimeException());
8 assertEquals(2,mockList.get(0));
9 assertEquals(2,mockList.get(0));
10 assertEquals(0,mockList.get(1));
11 assertEquals(1,mockList.get(1));
12 //第三次或更多调用都会抛出异常
13 mockList.get(1);
14 }
11、使用回调生成期望值
1 @Test
2 public void answer_with_callback(){
3 //使用Answer来生成我们我们期望的返回
4 when(mockList.get(anyInt())).thenAnswer(new Answer<Object>() {
5 @Override
6 public Object answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) throws Throwable {
7 Object[] args = invocation.getArguments();
8 return "hello world:"+args[0];
9 }
10 });
11 assertEquals("hello world:0",mockList.get(0));
12 assertEquals("hello world:999",mockList.get(999));
13 }
12、监控真实对象
使用spy来监控真实的对象,需要注意的是此时我们需要谨慎的使用when-then语句,而改用do-when语句
1 @Test(expected = IndexOutOfBoundsException.class)
2 public void spy_on_real_objects(){
3 List list = new LinkedList();
4 List spy = spy(list);
5 //下面预设的spy.get(0)会报错,因为会调用真实对象的get(0),所以会抛出越界异常
6 //when(spy.get(0)).thenReturn(3);
7
8 //使用doReturn-when可以避免when-thenReturn调用真实对象api
9 doReturn(999).when(spy).get(999);
10 //预设size()期望值
11 when(spy.size()).thenReturn(100);
12 //调用真实对象的api
13 spy.add(1);
14 spy.add(2);
15 assertEquals(100,spy.size());
16 assertEquals(1,spy.get(0));
17 assertEquals(2,spy.get(1));
18 verify(spy).add(1);
19 verify(spy).add(2);
20 assertEquals(999,spy.get(999));
21 spy.get(2);
22 }
13、修改对未预设的调用返回默认期望值
1 @Test
2 public void unstubbed_invocations(){
3 //mock对象使用Answer来对未预设的调用返回默认期望值
4 List mock = mock(List.class,new Answer() {
5 @Override
6 public Object answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) throws Throwable {
7 return 999;
8 }
9 });
10 //下面的get(1)没有预设,通常情况下会返回NULL,但是使用了Answer改变了默认期望值
11 assertEquals(999, mock.get(1));
12 //下面的size()没有预设,通常情况下会返回0,但是使用了Answer改变了默认期望值
13 assertEquals(999,mock.size());
14 }
14、捕获参数来进一步断言
1 @Test
2 public void capturing_args(){
3 PersonDao personDao = mock(PersonDao.class);
4 PersonService personService = new PersonService(personDao);
5
6 ArgumentCaptor<Person> argument = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Person.class);
7 personService.update(1,"jack");
8 verify(personDao).update(argument.capture());
9 assertEquals(1,argument.getValue().getId());
10 assertEquals("jack",argument.getValue().getName());
11 }
12
13 class Person{
14 private int id;
15 private String name;
16
17 Person(int id, String name) {
18 this.id = id;
19 this.name = name;
20 }
21
22 public int getId() {
23 return id;
24 }
25
26 public String getName() {
27 return name;
28 }
29 }
30
31 interface PersonDao{
32 public void update(Person person);
33 }
34
35 class PersonService{
36 private PersonDao personDao;
37
38 PersonService(PersonDao personDao) {
39 this.personDao = personDao;
40 }
41
42 public void update(int id,String name){
43 personDao.update(new Person(id,name));
44 }
45 }
15、真实的部分mock
1 @Test
2 public void real_partial_mock(){
3 //通过spy来调用真实的api
4 List list = spy(new ArrayList());
5 assertEquals(0,list.size());
6 A a = mock(A.class);
7 //通过thenCallRealMethod来调用真实的api
8 when(a.doSomething(anyInt())).thenCallRealMethod();
9 assertEquals(999,a.doSomething(999));
10 }
11
12
13 class A{
14 public int doSomething(int i){
15 return i;
16 }
17 }
16、重置mock'
1 @Test
2 public void reset_mock(){
3 List list = mock(List.class);
4 when(list.size()).thenReturn(10);
5 list.add(1);
6 assertEquals(10,list.size());
7 //重置mock,清除所有的互动和预设
8 reset(list);
9 assertEquals(0,list.size());
10 }