pom.xml

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <!--用于处理项目的依赖插件-->
            <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <id>copy-dependencies</id>
                    <phase>package</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <!--复制依赖-->
                        <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
                    </goals>
                    <configuration>
                        <!-- 依赖包输出目录，将来不打进jar包里 -->
                        <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/lib</outputDirectory>
                        <!--下面两项在copy-dependencies时需要设置-->
                        <excludeTransitive>false</excludeTransitive>
                        <stripVersion>false</stripVersion>
                        <!--运行时-->
                        <includeScope>runtime</includeScope>
                    </configuration>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>

        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <!--资源管理插件-->
            <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <id>copy-resources</id>
                    <phase>package</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>copy-resources</goal>
                    </goals>
                    <configuration>
                        <resources>
                            <resource>
                                <!--源文件目录-->
                                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                            </resource>
                        </resources>
                        <!--输出的资源目录-->
                        <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/resources</outputDirectory>
                    </configuration>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
                <excludes>
                    <!--打包时需要排除的文件-->
                    <exclude>static/**</exclude>
                    <exclude>templates/**</exclude>
                    <exclude>*.yaml</exclude>
                </excludes>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>

        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
                <!--必须使用zip的方式-->
                <layout>ZIP</layout>
                <includes>
                    <include>
                        <!--这里随便设置一个名字，在打包时就不会将依赖打包进来-->
                        <groupId>non-exists</groupId>
                        <artifactId>non-exists</artifactId>
                    </include>
                </includes>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

启动命令如下：

java -jar -Dloader.path=.,resources,lib *.jar