fpga中,一般外接的晶振是50Mhz,如果电路中一个模块需要25mhz时钟,那么进行一个2分频,这个是相当容易的,下面是一种方法,还有可以用一个二进制计数器实现。这里就不写代码了。easy.同样的原理 ,四分频也很容易。
process(clk)--clk输入时钟;
begin
if(rst = '0') then --rst复位信号;
clkout <= '0';
elsif(clk;event and clk = '1')then
clkout <= not clk;
end if;
end process;
但是如果实现一个三分频呢?? 是不是3分频器应该是每1.5的clock就0变1、1变0,但问题来了,哪来的1.5个clock?计数器并不能产生1.5!!正源触发与负源触发的间隔时间刚好是0.5个clock?所以我们产生两个clock,一个是posedge clk,一个是negedge clk,最后将两个clock做or,这样就可以产生出0.5个clock了。下面给出代码:::
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
use ieee.std_logic_arith.all;
use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;
entity clk_div_n is
port(clk : in std_logic;
rst : in std_logic;
clkout :out std_logic
);
end clk_div_n;
architecture rtl of clk_div_n is
constant n : integer range 0 to 10 := 6; --这里的n可以是任意值,当然要大于1.
signal clk_p : std_logic;
signal clk_n : std_logic;
signal cnt_p : integer range 0 to n;
signal cnt_n : integer range 0 to n;
begin
process(clk_p, clk_n)
begin
if((n mod 2) = 0)then
clkout <= clk_p;
else
clkout <= clk_p or clk_n;
end if;
end process;
process(clk, rst)
begin
if(rst = '0') then
cnt_p <= 0;
elsif(clk'event and clk = '1') then
if(cnt_p = n-1) then
cnt_p <= 0;
else
cnt_p <= cnt_p + 1;
end if;
end if;
end process;
process(clk, rst)
begin
if(rst = '0') then
clk_p <= '0';
elsif(clk'event and clk = '1')then
if (cnt_p < (n/2)) then
clk_p <= '1';
else
clk_p <= '0';
end if ;
end if;
end process;
process(clk, rst)
begin
if(rst = '0') then
cnt_n <= 0;
elsif(clk'event and clk = '0')then
if(cnt_n = n-1) then
cnt_n <= 0;
else
cnt_n <= cnt_n + 1;
end if;
end if;
end process;
process(clk, rst)
begin
if(rst = '0') then
clk_n <= '0';
elsif(clk'event and clk = '0')then
if (cnt_n < (n/2)) then
clk_n <= '1';
else
clk_n <= '0';
end if ;
end if;
end process;
end rtl;
接下来我给出对应的testbench::有兴趣可以用make a simulation in modelsim
LIBRARY ieee ;
USE ieee.std_logic_1164.all ;
USE ieee.std_logic_arith.all ;
USE ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all ;
ENTITY clk_div_n_tb IS
END clk_div_n_tb;
ARCHITECTURE clk_div_tb_arch OF clk_div_n_tb IS
SIGNAL clkout : std_logic ;
SIGNAL rst : std_logic := '0' ;
SIGNAL clk : std_logic := '1' ;
COMPONENT clk_div_n
PORT (
clk : in std_logic ;
rst : in std_logic ;
clkout : out std_logic
);
END COMPONENT ;
BEGIN
process
begin
wait for 50ns;
clk <= not clk;
end process;
rst <= '1' after 200ns;
test:clk_div_n
PORT MAP (
clk => clk,
rst => rst,
clkout => clkout) ;
END clk_div_tb_arch;
begin
if(rst = '0') then --rst复位信号;
clkout <= '0';
elsif(clk;event and clk = '1')then
clkout <= not clk;
end if;
end process;
但是如果实现一个三分频呢?? 是不是3分频器应该是每1.5的clock就0变1、1变0,但问题来了,哪来的1.5个clock?计数器并不能产生1.5!!正源触发与负源触发的间隔时间刚好是0.5个clock?所以我们产生两个clock,一个是posedge clk,一个是negedge clk,最后将两个clock做or,这样就可以产生出0.5个clock了。下面给出代码:::
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
use ieee.std_logic_arith.all;
use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;
entity clk_div_n is
port(clk : in std_logic;
rst : in std_logic;
clkout :out std_logic
);
end clk_div_n;
architecture rtl of clk_div_n is
constant n : integer range 0 to 10 := 6; --这里的n可以是任意值,当然要大于1.
signal clk_p : std_logic;
signal clk_n : std_logic;
signal cnt_p : integer range 0 to n;
signal cnt_n : integer range 0 to n;
begin
process(clk_p, clk_n)
begin
if((n mod 2) = 0)then
clkout <= clk_p;
else
clkout <= clk_p or clk_n;
end if;
end process;
process(clk, rst)
begin
if(rst = '0') then
cnt_p <= 0;
elsif(clk'event and clk = '1') then
if(cnt_p = n-1) then
cnt_p <= 0;
else
cnt_p <= cnt_p + 1;
end if;
end if;
end process;
process(clk, rst)
begin
if(rst = '0') then
clk_p <= '0';
elsif(clk'event and clk = '1')then
if (cnt_p < (n/2)) then
clk_p <= '1';
else
clk_p <= '0';
end if ;
end if;
end process;
process(clk, rst)
begin
if(rst = '0') then
cnt_n <= 0;
elsif(clk'event and clk = '0')then
if(cnt_n = n-1) then
cnt_n <= 0;
else
cnt_n <= cnt_n + 1;
end if;
end if;
end process;
process(clk, rst)
begin
if(rst = '0') then
clk_n <= '0';
elsif(clk'event and clk = '0')then
if (cnt_n < (n/2)) then
clk_n <= '1';
else
clk_n <= '0';
end if ;
end if;
end process;
end rtl;
接下来我给出对应的testbench::有兴趣可以用make a simulation in modelsim
LIBRARY ieee ;
USE ieee.std_logic_1164.all ;
USE ieee.std_logic_arith.all ;
USE ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all ;
ENTITY clk_div_n_tb IS
END clk_div_n_tb;
ARCHITECTURE clk_div_tb_arch OF clk_div_n_tb IS
SIGNAL clkout : std_logic ;
SIGNAL rst : std_logic := '0' ;
SIGNAL clk : std_logic := '1' ;
COMPONENT clk_div_n
PORT (
clk : in std_logic ;
rst : in std_logic ;
clkout : out std_logic
);
END COMPONENT ;
BEGIN
process
begin
wait for 50ns;
clk <= not clk;
end process;
rst <= '1' after 200ns;
test:clk_div_n
PORT MAP (
clk => clk,
rst => rst,
clkout => clkout) ;
END clk_div_tb_arch;