系统安装
使用虚拟机安装两个centos系统，在/etc/hosts里增加两行
192.168.140.128 kuber-master
192.168.140.129 kuber-node1

关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld & systemctl disable firewalld

关闭selinux
sed -i ‘s/enforcing/disabled/’ /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0

关闭swap
swapoff -a #临时关闭
vim /etc/fstab #注释掉swap即可永久关闭

配置阿里云yum源、配置docker仓库、配置K8S的yum源

cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo

[kubernetes]

name=Kubernetes

baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64

enabled=1

gpgcheck=1

repo_gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg

http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg

EOF
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wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum makecache

安装docker
yum install -y --setopt=obsoletes=0 docker-ce
运行docker --version,可以看到安装
[root@kuber-master ~]# docker --version
Docker version 19.03.1, build 74b1e89
启动Docker服务并激活开机启动：systemctl start docker & systemctl enable docker

安装k8s的组件
yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl --disableexcludes=kubernetes
启动kubelet并设置kubelet开机自启
systemctl enable kubelet&& systemctl start kubelet
运行下面的命令可以查看 初始化kubernets需要的docker镜像
kubeadm config images list

[root@kuber-master ~]# kubeadm config images list
W0811 01:47:06.624865 116757 version.go:98] could not fetch a Kubernetes version from the internet: unable to get URL "https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable-1.txt": Get https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable-1.txt: net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
W0811 01:47:06.625033 116757 version.go:99] falling back to the local client version: v1.15.2
k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.15.2
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.15.2
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.15.2
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.15.2
k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1
k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.3.10
k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.3.1
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这些镜像都要pull到docker里面去

下载k8s需要的镜像
创建/etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf文件，添加如下内容：
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

执行下命令使修改生效
modprobe br_netfilter
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf

修改docker镜像加速地址

vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m"
},
"storage-driver": "overlay2",
"storage-opts": [
"overlay2.override_kernel_check=true"
],
"registry-mirrors": ["https://dnh4r4lu.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
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【1】：阿里云docker仓库 https://dev.aliyun.com/search.html
【2】：进去注册帐号后，点击自己的管理中心。
【3】：在管理中心点击加速器，右边面板会有你的加速地址，右边面板下面有详细设置步骤。

并重启docker生效
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker.service

在线下载镜像文件

MY_REGISTRY=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/openthings

#基本组件
docker pull ${MY_REGISTRY}/k8s-gcr-io-kube-apiserver:v1.15.2
docker pull ${MY_REGISTRY}/k8s-gcr-io-kube-controller-manager:v1.15.2
docker pull ${MY_REGISTRY}/k8s-gcr-io-kube-scheduler:v1.15.2
docker pull ${MY_REGISTRY}/k8s-gcr-io-kube-proxy:v1.15.2
docker pull ${MY_REGISTRY}/k8s-gcr-io-etcd:3.3.10
docker pull ${MY_REGISTRY}/k8s-gcr-io-pause:3.1
docker pull ${MY_REGISTRY}/k8s-gcr-io-coredns:1.3.1

# 修改tag
docker tag ${MY_REGISTRY}/k8s-gcr-io-kube-apiserver:v1.15.2 k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.15.2
docker tag ${MY_REGISTRY}/k8s-gcr-io-kube-scheduler:v1.15.2 k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.15.2
docker tag ${MY_REGISTRY}/k8s-gcr-io-kube-controller-manager:v1.15.2 k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.15.2
docker tag ${MY_REGISTRY}/k8s-gcr-io-kube-proxy:v1.15.2 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.15.2
docker tag ${MY_REGISTRY}/k8s-gcr-io-etcd:3.3.10 k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.3.10
docker tag ${MY_REGISTRY}/k8s-gcr-io-pause:3.1 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1
docker tag ${MY_REGISTRY}/k8s-gcr-io-coredns:1.3.1 k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.3.1

## 删除镜像
docker rmi ${MY_REGISTRY}/k8s-gcr-io-kube-apiserver:v1.15.2
docker rmi ${MY_REGISTRY}/k8s-gcr-io-kube-controller-manager:v1.15.2
docker rmi ${MY_REGISTRY}/k8s-gcr-io-kube-scheduler:v1.15.2
docker rmi ${MY_REGISTRY}/k8s-gcr-io-kube-proxy:v1.15.2
docker rmi ${MY_REGISTRY}/k8s-gcr-io-etcd:3.3.10
docker rmi ${MY_REGISTRY}/k8s-gcr-io-pause:3.1
docker rmi ${MY_REGISTRY}/k8s-gcr-io-coredns:1.3.1
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=以上这些操作在两个节点上都需要执行========

在master节点上初始化kubernetes
运行安装命令
kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.15.2 --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.140.128 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

为kubectl准备Kubeconfig文件

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown root.root /root/.kube/config
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安装配置flannel网络
为了使 flannel 正常工作，你必须将选项 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 传递给 kubeadm init。

通过执行 sysctl net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1 命令，将 /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables 设置为 1 以便将桥接的 IPv4 流量传递给 iptables 的链。 这是一些 CNI 插件工作的要求，有关详细信息，请参阅此处。

注意 flannel 可以运行在 amd64、arm、arm64、ppc64le架构的机器上。

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/bc79dd1505b0c8681ece4de4c0d86c5cd2643275/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

也可以使用如下文件，把kube-flannel.yml上传到master，在master上执行
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

在node节点上加入集群
kubeadm join 192.168.140.128:6443 --token 5vwsgc.v1trlo6i3nbexktf
–discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:ecc6c9911b42ebe9c04a9a5a4555f1d737ef5e3a9039fb6eab3f56bb45545c4a

查看节点运行状态

[root@kuber-master ~]# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
kuber-master Ready master 45m v1.15.2
kuber-node1 Ready <none> 43m v1.15.2
[root@kuber-master ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
coredns-5c98db65d4-z4p5b 1/1 Running 0 44m 10.244.0.2 kuber-master <none> <none>
coredns-5c98db65d4-zlzkd 1/1 Running 0 44m 10.244.0.3 kuber-master <none> <none>
etcd-kuber-master 1/1 Running 0 43m 192.168.140.128 kuber-master <none> <none>
kube-apiserver-kuber-master 1/1 Running 0 43m 192.168.140.128 kuber-master <none> <none>
kube-controller-manager-kuber-master 1/1 Running 1 43m 192.168.140.128 kuber-master <none> <none>
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-7qfxf 1/1 Running 0 43m 192.168.140.128 kuber-master <none> <none>
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-xnl69 1/1 Running 0 43m 192.168.140.129 kuber-node1 <none> <none>
kube-proxy-p6gvx 1/1 Running 0 43m 192.168.140.129 kuber-node1 <none> <none>
kube-proxy-xgdxj 1/1 Running 0 44m 192.168.140.128 kuber-master <none> <none>
kube-scheduler-kuber-master 1/1 Running 1 43m 192.168.140.128 kuber-master <none> <none>
kubernetes-dashboard-7d75c474bb-9xt67 1/1 Running 0 41m 10.244.1.3 kuber-node1 <none> <none>
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kubernetes dashboard安装
下载 Dashboard yaml 文件
wget http://pencil-file.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/blog/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

打开下载的文件添加一项：type: NodePort，暴露出去 Dashboard 端口，方便外部访问。

......
# ------------------- Dashboard Service ------------------- #

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
spec:
type: NodePort # 新增
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
......
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在 yaml 文件 kubernetes-dashboard.yaml 中拉取了一个镜像 k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1，没有配置 docker 代理网络的可能拉取不下来，可以使用预先下载好的kubernetes-dashboard-amd64-1.10.1.tar文件，上传到master和node节点，执行docker load -i kubernetes-dashboard-amd64-1.10.1.tar
下载地址：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1MyL1fAus1WRV_lA6N0mT_w

还需要修改文件里面的镜像拉取方式如下

......
spec:
containers:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard
image: k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
......
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也可以使用如下文件

部署
kubectl create -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o wide | grep dashboard
kube-system kubernetes-dashboard-5f7b999d65-h96kl 1/1 Running 1 23h 10.244.0.7 k8s-master <none> <none>
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创建简单用户
创建服务账号和集群角色绑定配置文件
创建 dashboard-adminuser.yaml 文件，加入以下内容：

vim dashboard-adminuser.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-admin
namespace: kube-system

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: kubernetes-dashboard-admin
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kubernetes-dashboard-admin
namespace: kube-system
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创建用户和角色绑定
kubectl apply -f dashboard-adminuser.yaml

查看Token

kubectl -n kube-system describe secret $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep kubernetes-dashboard-admin-token | awk '{print $1}')
Name: kubernetes-dashboard-admin-token-2mvzg
Namespace: kube-system
Labels: <none>
Annotations: kubernetes.io/service-account.name: kubernetes-dashboard-admin
kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: c8f781f7-3a0b-44b2-ae27-aa4810781242

Type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
ca.crt: 1025 bytes
namespace: 11 bytes
token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.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.Cr0Ry6B3nOvGI4YqrWR7L7Fl8znGH2XfNiGKAX7v2jSGti4fWLLzM1HWXuRvOp1h6sU01u1Jy8YQCdNsmqii0buLHuuNOWKnPk15lZ03K58uJevuaYNG35NbLreoi9EF0Ec7PkYgHAMdlygtPZhmT4MRE1pe8RtrfOBjvKQfy3Db81y6DN3BEet8LLCpXCXuL7ZQoJQYhsQc0ypdXRRFaZ8yzt9YsZwFrA7vUlTJO55hou4825HbTYnkrjTJme_BnvJk-G3eZ1cUryZb1ADwvPr5ij-_6RqxcOIwITF3dyCiS4s078Nn97TMvjBwwS_17Yo4ZOInUBHgbfv4P3DlAg
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登录 Dashboard
查看 Dashboard 端口号

kubectl get svc -n kube-system
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kube-dns ClusterIP 10.96.0.10 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP 73m
kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.96.243.241 <none> 443:30391/TCP 70m
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访问 Dashboard
https://192.168.140.128:30391/#!/login

选择令牌，并输入上文中保留的 token 即可登录

注意事项
Dashboard需要master和node直接网络通讯正常才能使用，需要coredns、kube-flannel-ds保持running状态才能正常运行，如果dashboard无法访问，需要先查看这些pod是否正常。

kubectl get pods -n kube-system -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
coredns-5c98db65d4-z4p5b 1/1 Running 0 44m 10.244.0.2 kuber-master <none> <none>
coredns-5c98db65d4-zlzkd 1/1 Running 0 44m 10.244.0.3 kuber-master <none> <none>
etcd-kuber-master 1/1 Running 0 43m 192.168.140.128 kuber-master <none> <none>
kube-apiserver-kuber-master 1/1 Running 0 43m 192.168.140.128 kuber-master <none> <none>
kube-controller-manager-kuber-master 1/1 Running 1 43m 192.168.140.128 kuber-master <none> <none>
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-7qfxf 1/1 Running 0 43m 192.168.140.128 kuber-master <none> <none>
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-xnl69 1/1 Running 0 43m 192.168.140.129 kuber-node1 <none> <none>
kube-proxy-p6gvx 1/1 Running 0 43m 192.168.140.129 kuber-node1 <none> <none>
kube-proxy-xgdxj 1/1 Running 0 44m 192.168.140.128 kuber-master <none> <none>
kube-scheduler-kuber-master 1/1 Running 1 43m 192.168.140.128 kuber-master <none> <none>
kubernetes-dashboard-7d75c474bb-9xt67 1/1 Running 0 41m 10.244.1.3 kuber-node1 <none> <none>
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