Selenium之使用PageFactory初始化pageobject

使用PageFactory初始化pageobject有什么作用呢,下面举个例子来说明

public BaiduPage baiduPage = PageFactory.initElements(driver, BaiduPage.class);

场景:使用selenium 实现自动打开www.baidu.com首页,然后在搜索框内输入“路易”,并点击查找

环境:win7,X86,IE浏览器,eclipse(安装testng插件)

步骤一:
在eclipse中创建一个maven项目,并在pom.xml中引入selenium和testng的依赖

pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.selelium.css</groupId>
<artifactId>mycss</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>mycss</name> <dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
<version>2.48.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.testng</groupId>
<artifactId>testng</artifactId>
<version>6.9.9</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-ie-driver</artifactId>
<version>2.48.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies> <build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.2</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.6</source>
<target>1.6</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>

步骤二:
创建初始准备类:

package mycss;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities; public class InitPre { protected WebDriver driver;
private final String url = "www.baidu.com"; public InitPre(){
String IEPath = "C:\\Program Files\\Internet Explorer\\iexplore.exe";
//String IEPath_64 = "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Internet Explorer\\iexplore.exe";
String pro_Path = System.getProperty("user.dir");
String IEDriver_Path = pro_Path + "\\IEDriverServer.exe";
System.setProperty("webdriver.ie.bin", IEPath);
System.setProperty("webdriver.ie.driver", IEDriver_Path); DesiredCapabilities ieCapabilities = DesiredCapabilities.internetExplorer();
ieCapabilities.setCapability( InternetExplorerDriver.INTRODUCE_FLAKINESS_BY_IGNORING_SECURITY_DOMAINS, true);
driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(ieCapabilities);
driver.get(url);
}
}

步骤3:
将百度首页Pageobject:

package mycss;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy; public class BaiduPage { @FindBy(id = "kw")
private WebElement indexInput; public void clearKeys_indexInput() {
indexInput.clear();
} public void sendkeys_indexInput(String index) {
indexInput.sendKeys(index);
} public void click_indexInput() {
indexInput.click();
}
}

步骤4:
通过PageFactory初始化PageObject对象:

package mycss;

import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;

public class InitPage extends InitPre {

    public BaiduPage baiduPage = PageFactory.initElements(driver, BaiduPage.class);

}

步骤5:
编写测试用例:

package mycss;

import org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest;
import org.testng.annotations.Test; public class IndexTest
{ IndexTest(){
System.out.println("IndexTest");
} public InitPage initPage=new InitPage();
BaiduPage baiduPage=initPage.baiduPage; @BeforeTest
public void inittest(){
} @Test
public void index_test(){ baiduPage.clearKeys_indexInput();
baiduPage.sendkeys_indexInput("路易");
baiduPage.click_indexInput();
}
}

完成上面的步骤后,执行IndexTest类,然后可以看到打开浏览器,进入百度首页,然后搜索“路易”
查看BaiduPage类可以知道,该类中仅对BaiduPage的控件和方法进行了封装,private WebElement indexInput indexInput并没有实例化,那么执行为什么会不报空指针呢?原因是因为下面的操作,PageFactory.initElements把driver传递给了BaiduPage的对象,当执行到WebElement indexInput indexInput这一步的话,传递的driver会在当前页面中查找该对象。大家可以尝试去掉代码中下面的一步,在执行用例查看运行结果

public BaiduPage baiduPage = PageFactory.initElements(driver, BaiduPage.class);

总结:
Selenium2 引入了PageObject的思想,将每个页面的控件和操作封装成一个个Page类,然后在实现业务逻辑时,只需要调用对应的Page类即可。
PageFactory则是为了支持PageObject而产生的,可以通过InitElements方法给Page类传递driver,当执行到WebElement时,driver在当前的页面中查找元素,这样不需要对WebElement进行实例化。如下面代码:

@FindBy(id = "kw")
private WebElement indexInput;
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