在一个生命周期长的对象里面定义一个scope
为request
,或session
的对象
- xml配置方式
proxy-target-class
default=true
使用CGlib进行代理; default=false
时使用JDK动态代理;
<!-- DefaultUserPreferences implements the UserPreferences interface -->
<bean id="userPreferences" class="com.stuff.DefaultUserPreferences" scope="session">
<aop:scoped-proxy proxy-target-class="false"/>
</bean>
<bean id="userManager" class="com.stuff.UserManager">
<property name="userPreferences" ref="userPreferences"/>
</bean>
- 注解方式
CGLIB 方式:@Scope(value="request", proxyMode= ScopedProxyMode.TARGET_CLASS)
JDK动态代理 方式:@Scope(value="request", proxyMode= ScopedProxyMode.INTERFACES)
util
标签
未使用util标签时 注入 constant isolation
<bean id="..." class="...">
<property name="isolation">
<bean id="java.sql.Connection.TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE"
class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.FieldRetrievingFactoryBean" />
</property>
</bean>
使用util标签可以更加简洁
<bean id="..." class="...">
<property name="isolation">
<util:constant static-field="java.sql.Connection.TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE"/>
</property>
</bean>
如果一个单例bean引用了原型bean,如何保证每次单例bean中的原型bean每次都是不一样的?
方法一:lookup
,通过lookup会自动去查找类型一样的bean进行注入;注意使用lookup的方法必须为抽象方法;
@Component
@Scope(value = "prototype")
public class AAA {}
@Component
public abstract class ControllerManager {
private AAA aaa;
@Lookup
public abstract AAA createAAA() ;
public void test() {
this.aaa = createAAA();
System.err.println(this.getClass()+" "+this);
}
}
方法二:实现ApplicationContextAware拿到beanFactory对象,每次方法调用的时候都会获取到一个新的单例bean
## `@Autowired` field 注入为什么不用setter,getter方法?
- `@Autowired`先会按类型注入,如果有多个类型,则按照名字注入;
在源码中设置值是通过反射实现`org.springframework.beans.DirectFieldAccessor.FieldPropertyHandler#setValue`
```java
@Override
public void setValue(@Nullable Object value) throws Exception {
try {
ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(this.field);
this.field.set(getWrappedInstance(), value);
}
catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
throw new InvalidPropertyException(getWrappedClass(), this.field.getName(),
"Field is not accessible", ex);
}
}
如果@Autowired
接口有多个子实现类,如何指定为特定的一个呢?
- 在某一个子实现类上使用
@Primary
指定要注入的Bean为当前的bean
@Primary
public class ProtoBeanImpl implements ProtoBean{
}
@Primary
@Bean
public ProtoBeanImpl protoBean(){
return new ProtoBeanImpl();
}
- 使用
@Qulifier("xxx")
注解 指定要注入的bean的类型
@Qualifier("protoBeanImpl2")
@Autowired
private ProtoBean bean;
@Autowired
public SingleBean(@Qualifier("protoBeanImpl2") ProtoBean proto) {
this.protoBeanImpl2 = (ProtoBeanImpl2) proto;
}
- 使用@Bean上的
autowireCandidate = false
指定该bean 不会被其他类自动注入
@Bean(autowireCandidate = false)
public ProtoBeanImpl protoBean(){
return new ProtoBeanImpl();
}
构造器注入
using constructor inject,do not need other annotation if all the properties is base type ,using
@ConstrutorProperties({"xxx","xxx",...}) to inject the value
-
if just one constructor here ,need not
@Autowired
-
only one multi-argument constructor can be set
@Autowired(required = true)
-
if one more constructor are annotationed with
@Autowired(required = false)
The constructor with the greatest number of dependencies that can be satisfied
by matching beans in the Spring container will be chose -
The @Autowired, @Inject, @Value, and @Resource annotations are handled by Spring
BeanPostProcessor implementations
使用AspectJ注解进行AOP配置好还是xml?
使用xml配置时,将AOP配置分散了,一部分在xml中,一部分在后台的class类中。不符合DRY原则。
然而使用@AspectJ
,则将整个AOP的配置放在一个配置类中,@AspectJ支持额外的实例模型更丰富的组合,是每个切面成为一个模型单元。
同时,@AspectJ 能被 Spring AOP 和AspectJ 解析,你可以使用AspectJ的语法去实现更加复杂的切面逻辑
闭包 和 回调
闭包:闭包和匿名函数经常被用作同义词。但严格来说,匿名函数就是字面意义上没有被赋予名称的函数,而闭包则实际上是一个函数的实例,也就是说它是存在于内存里的某个结构体。如果从实现上来看的话,匿名函数如果没有捕捉*变量,那么它其实可以被实现为一个函数指针,或者直接内联到调用点,如果它捕捉了*变量那么它将是一个闭包;而闭包则意味着同时包括函数指针和环境两个关键元素。参考出处
[Closure Sample][Closure Sample]
public interface Adder {
int add(int x);
}
public static Adder makeAdder(final int n) {
return new Adder() {
public int add(int x) {
return x + n;
}
};
}
回调:在计算机程序设计中,回调函数,或简称回调(Callback 即call then back 被主函数调用运算后会返回主函数),是指通过参数将函数传递到其它代码的,某一块可执行代码的引用参考出处
Callback Sample
class RemoteClass {
private OnChangeListener mOnChangeListener;
void makeSomeChanges() {
/*
.. do something here and call callback
*/
mOnChangeListener.onChanged(this, 1);
}
public void setOnChangeListener(OnChangeListener listener) {
mOnChangeListener = listener;
}
public interface OnChangeListener {
public void onChanged(RemoteClass remoteClass, int test);
}
}
class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
RemoteClass obj = new RemoteClass();
obj.setOnChangeListener(demoChanged);
obj.makeSomeChanges();
}
// this case remid me of spring framework lots of anonymous ObjectFactory call back
private static RemoteClass.OnChangeListener demoChanged = new RemoteClass.OnChangeListener() {
@Override
public void onChanged(RemoteClass remoteClass, int incoming) {
switch (incoming) {
case 1:
System.out.println("I will take appropriate action!");
break;
default:
break;
}
}
};
}
// callback in springframework 4.3.x
// @see org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory#doGetBean
// Create bean instance.
if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, new ObjectFactory<Object>() {
@Override
public Object getObject() throws BeansException {
try {
return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
// Explicitly remove instance from singleton cache: It might have been put there
// eagerly by the creation process, to allow for circular reference resolution.
// Also remove any beans that received a temporary reference to the bean.
destroySingleton(beanName);
throw ex;
}
}
});
bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
}
@Configurable
@Configuration
@Configuration
是配置类
@Configurable
它是一个bean所依赖的Aspect,并且不被Spring管理,但是可以自动注入