【UR #2】树上GCD

这道题是有根树点分治+烧脑的容斥+神奇的分块

因为是规定1为根,还要求LCA,所以我们不能像在无根树上那样随便浪了,必须规定父亲,并作特殊讨论

因为gcd并不好求,所以我们用容斥转化一下,求x为gcd的因数的个数,这样就可以随便统计了,个人觉得代码比题解要好懂。

又因为统计完重心的所有子树,还有重心的父亲,所以在这个分治块内沿着重心的父亲一路向上爬,这时候重心的子树到重心的父亲的距离是变的,所以我们用神奇的分块大法,分类讨论,$≤\sqrt{n}$使用数组记录答案,方便以后再用到的时候统计,$>\sqrt{n}$时直接暴力统计,因为此时统计的复杂度并不高。这样使时间复杂度空降为$O(n\sqrt{n})$。个人感觉题解说得太含糊了,一切都不如直接看代码明晰,或者说题解是帮助看懂代码的233

这道题细节太多了,跪了1天半终于AC了蛤蛤蛤蛤蛤蛤蛤

这道题我先膜了鏼爷的代码,因为各种指针看不懂啊,但学习了非递归求重心的新姿势,无限仰膜Orz!!!SDOI就是要练就各种非递归能力

然后我又膜了ShallWe的题解,学会了容斥统计的方法,无限仰膜啊!!!巧妙的特判和两个指针的移动使得容斥统计不重不漏,真是太神奇了!!!

#include<cmath>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
const int N = 200003;
void read(int &k) {
k = 0; int fh = 1; char c = getchar();
for(; c < '0' || c > '9'; c = getchar())
if (c == '-') fh = -1;
for(; c >= '0' && c <= '9'; c = getchar())
k = (k << 1) + (k << 3) + c - '0';
k = k * fh;
} bool vis[N];
struct node {
int nxt, to;
} E[N];
int qu[N], ct[N], n, m, fa[N], de, deep[N], cnt = 0, point[N], root, sz[N], boo[N];
ll t[503][503], cn[N], sct[N], scn[N], ans2[N], S[N]; void ins(int x, int y) {E[++cnt].nxt = point[x]; E[cnt].to = y; point[x] = cnt;}
void findrt(int x) {
int p = 0, q = 0; qu[++q] = x;
while (p != q) {
int u = qu[++p];
boo[u] = sz[u] = 1;
for(int tmp = point[u]; tmp; tmp = E[tmp].nxt)
if (!vis[E[tmp].to])
qu[++q] = E[tmp].to;
}
for(int i = q; i; --i) {
if (boo[qu[i]] && sz[qu[i]] * 2 >= q) {root = qu[i]; return;}
sz[fa[qu[i]]] += sz[qu[i]];
if (sz[qu[i]] * 2 >= q)
boo[fa[qu[i]]] = 0;
}
}//非递归找重心!!!国家队rank3的鏼爷Orz给SDOIers带来福利 void BFS(int x) {
deep[x] = 1;
int p = 0, q = 0; qu[++q] = x;
while (p != q) {
int u = qu[++p]; ++ct[deep[u]];
for(int tmp = point[u]; tmp; tmp = E[tmp].nxt)
if (!vis[E[tmp].to])
deep[E[tmp].to] = deep[u] + 1, qu[++q] = E[tmp].to;
}
de = deep[qu[q]];
} void Q(int x) {
vis[x] = 1;
int up = 0, upp = 0;
for(int tmp = point[x]; tmp; tmp = E[tmp].nxt)
if (!vis[E[tmp].to]) {
BFS(E[tmp].to);
up = max(up, de);
for(int i = 1; i <= de; ++i)
for(int j = i; j <= de; j += i)
cn[i] += ct[j];
for(int i = 1; i <= de; ++i) {
ans2[i] += ct[i];
sct[i] += ct[i];
S[i] += scn[i] * cn[i];
scn[i] += cn[i];
ct[i] = cn[i] = 0;
}
} sct[0] = 1;
int step = 0, son = x, line, to;
for(int i = fa[x]; !vis[i] && i; son = i, i = fa[i]) {
++step; to = 0;
for(int tmp = point[i]; tmp; tmp = E[tmp].nxt)
if (!vis[E[tmp].to] && E[tmp].to != son)
BFS(E[tmp].to), to = max(to, de);
de = to;
upp = max(upp, de);
for(int j = 1; j <= de; ++j)
for(int k = j; k <= de; k += j)
cn[j] += ct[k];
line = min(de, m);
for(int j = 1; j <= line; ++j) {
to = step % j;
if (t[j][to] == -1) {
t[j][to] = 0;
for(int k = (j - to) % j; k <= up; k += j)
t[j][to] += sct[k];
}
S[j] += t[j][to] * cn[j];
}
for(int j = m + 1; j <= de; ++j)
for(int k = (j - step % j) % j; k <= up; k += j)
S[j] += sct[k] * cn[j];
for(int j = 1; j <= de; ++j)
ct[j] = cn[j] = 0;
++ans2[step];
} //下面是向ShallWe学的
int L = 1, R = 0, tot = step + up;
ll now = 0;
for(int i = 2; i <= tot; ++i) {
if (R + 1 < i) now += sct[++R];
if (L + step < i) now -= sct[L++];
ans2[i] += now;
}
//仰膜上方ShallWe的代码 line = min(m, upp);
for(int i = 1; i <= line; ++i)
for(int j = 0; j < i; ++j)
t[i][j] = -1;
for(int i = 0; i <= up; ++i)
sct[i] = scn[i] = 0; if (son != x) {
findrt(son);
Q(root);
}
for(int tmp = point[x]; tmp; tmp = E[tmp].nxt)
if (!vis[E[tmp].to]) {
findrt(E[tmp].to);
Q(root);
}
} ll ans[N];
int main() {
read(n); m = (sqrt(n));
for(int i = 2; i <= n; ++i) {
read(fa[i]);
ins(fa[i], i);
} memset(t, -1, sizeof(t));
findrt(1);
Q(root);
for(int i = n - 1; i; --i)
for(int j = i + i; j < n; j += i)
S[i] -= S[j];
for(int i = 1; i < n; ++i)
printf("%lld\n", S[i] + ans2[i]); return 0;
}

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