一：介绍
通过django admin可以快速生成后台管理功能。
二：设置
工程同名下settings.py
1）在INSTALLED_APPS中增加django.contrib.admin
2）在INSTALLED_APPS 中增加
django.contrib.auth
django.contrib.contenttypes
django.contrib.messages
django.contrib.sessions
django.contrib.admin依赖上面包
3）在context_processors中
django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth
django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages
在MIDDLEWARE，TEMPLATES中增加
django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware
django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware
上面都是默认配置好的
4）在INSTALLED_APPS中增加自己的应用
5）创建ModelAdmin
6）ModelAdmin注册到AdminSite
7）urls.py中配置
from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()
# And include this URLpattern...
urlpatterns = patterns('',
# ...
(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
# ...
)
三：ModelAdmin
ModelAdmin是admin接口，在app下面建立admin.py
示例
方式1：可以定制显示
from django.contrib import admin
from myproject.myapp.models import Author class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
pass
admin.site.register(Author, AuthorAdmin) 方式2：默认
from django.contrib import admin
from myproject.myapp.models import Author admin.site.register(Author)
四：ModelAdmin常用选项
1）model action
ModelAdmin.actions
ModelAdmin.actions_on_top #处理动作在上面显示
ModelAdmin.actions_on_bottom 处理动作在下面显示#默认(actions_on_top = True; actions_on_bottom = False).
ModelAdmin.actions_selection_counter #动作列表select来显示 默认(actions_selection_counter = True)
2)ModelAdmin.date_hierarchy 处理日期类型DateField or DateTimeField 添加和修改数据会显示下拉日期
示例：
date_hierarchy = 'pub_date'
date_hierarchy = 'author__pub_date' #author类下的pub_date字段
3）ModelAdmin.empty_value_display 空值或者None 显示
from django.contrib import admin class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
empty_value_display = '-empty-' from django.contrib import admin class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
fields = ('name', 'title', 'view_birth_date') def view_birth_date(self, obj):
return obj.birth_date view_birth_date.empty_value_display = '???'
4）ModelAdmin.exclude 不显示的字段
class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
exclude = ('birth_date',)
5）ModelAdmin.fields 增加或者编辑时显示的字段
class FlatPageAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
fields = ('url', 'title', 'content')
6）ModelAdmin.fieldsets 增加或者编辑页面显示组
from django.contrib import admin class FlatPageAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
fieldsets = (
(None, {
'fields': ('url', 'title', 'content', 'sites')
}),
('Advanced options', {
'classes': ('collapse',),
'fields': ('registration_required', 'template_name'),
}),
)
7）ModelAdmin.filter_horizontal ，ModelAdmin.filter_vertical 多对多关系水平多选select
8）ModelAdmin.list_display 列表数据显示的列
#方式1
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('first_name', 'last_name') #方式2
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('upper_case_name',) def upper_case_name(self, obj):
return ("%s %s" % (obj.first_name, obj.last_name)).upper()
upper_case_name.short_description = 'Name' #方式3
from django.db import models
from django.contrib import admin class Person(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
birthday = models.DateField() def decade_born_in(self):
return self.birthday.strftime('%Y')[:3] + "0's"
decade_born_in.short_description = 'Birth decade' class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('name', 'decade_born_in')
备注： 1.ForeignKey显示的__str__中的内容
2 .ManyToManyField 不直接支持，需要自定义方法显示
3. BooleanField NullBooleanField 会显示on,off代替True,False
4. 显示内容有html，需要在model中实现format_html()方法
from django.db import models
from django.contrib import admin
from django.utils.html import format_html class Person(models.Model):
first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
last_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
color_code = models.CharField(max_length=6) def colored_name(self):
return format_html(
'<span style="color: #{};">{} {}</span>',
self.color_code,
self.first_name,
self.last_name,
) class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('first_name', 'last_name', 'colored_name')
9）ModelAdmin.list_display_links 那些字段点击进入编辑页面(字段必须在list_display中)
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('first_name', 'last_name', 'birthday')
list_display_links = ('first_name', 'last_name')
10）ModelAdmin.list_editable 增加或者编辑多行编辑text
11)ModelAdmin.list_filter 数据列表中的过滤字段，支持BooleanField, CharField, DateField, DateTimeField, IntegerField, ForeignKey or ManyToManyField
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_filter = ('is_staff', 'company') a class inheriting from django.contrib.admin.SimpleListFilter, which you need to provide the title and parameter_name attributes to and override the lookups and queryset methods, e.g.: from datetime import date from django.contrib import admin
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _ class DecadeBornListFilter(admin.SimpleListFilter):
# Human-readable title which will be displayed in the
# right admin sidebar just above the filter options.
title = _('decade born') # Parameter for the filter that will be used in the URL query.
parameter_name = 'decade' def lookups(self, request, model_admin):
"""
Returns a list of tuples. The first element in each
tuple is the coded value for the option that will
appear in the URL query. The second element is the
human-readable name for the option that will appear
in the right sidebar.
"""
return (
('80s', _('in the eighties')),
('90s', _('in the nineties')),
) def queryset(self, request, queryset):
"""
Returns the filtered queryset based on the value
provided in the query string and retrievable via
`self.value()`.
"""
# Compare the requested value (either '80s' or '90s')
# to decide how to filter the queryset.
if self.value() == '80s':
return queryset.filter(birthday__gte=date(1980, 1, 1),
birthday__lte=date(1989, 12, 31))
if self.value() == '90s':
return queryset.filter(birthday__gte=date(1990, 1, 1),
birthday__lte=date(1999, 12, 31)) class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_filter = (DecadeBornListFilter,)
注：
1.django.contrib.admin.FieldListFilter
2. RelatedOnlyFieldListFilter
a tuple, where the first element is a field name and the second element is a class inheriting from django.contrib.admin.FieldListFilter, for example: class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_filter = (
('is_staff', admin.BooleanFieldListFilter),
)
You can limit the choices of a related model to the objects involved in that relation using RelatedOnlyFieldListFilter: class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_filter = (
('author', admin.RelatedOnlyFieldListFilter),
)
12）ModelAdmin.list_max_show_all 数据列表，最多显示多少行（总行），默认200行
13）ModelAdmin.list_per_page 数据列表每页显示多少行
14）ModelAdmin.list_select_related
class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_select_related = ('author', 'category')
will call select_related('author', 'category'). If you need to specify a dynamic value based on the request, you can implement a get_list_select_related() method.
15）ModelAdmin.ordering 数据列表，排序字段
16）ModelAdmin.radio_fields django 默认显示的是choice,可以修改成radio
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
radio_fields = {"group": admin.VERTICAL}
You have the choice of using HORIZONTAL or VERTICAL from the django.contrib.admin module. Don’t include a field in radio_fields unless it’s a ForeignKey or has choices set.
17) ModelAdmin.raw_id_fields django默认ForeignKey显示的是select,可以修改成input搜索
class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
raw_id_fields = ("newspaper",)
18）ModelAdmin.readonly_fields 不可编辑字段，django默认是可以编辑的
19）ModelAdmin.search_fields 数据列表 可以搜索的字段
可以是char,text,也可以是foreignkey,manytomany, search_fields = ['foreign_key__related_fieldname']
四：ModelAdmin常用方法
1）ModelAdmin.save_model
from django.contrib import admin class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
def save_model(self, request, obj, form, change):
obj.user = request.user
super().save_model(request, obj, form, change)
2）ModelAdmin.delete_model
3）ModelAdmin.save_formset
class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
def save_formset(self, request, form, formset, change):
instances = formset.save(commit=False)
for obj in formset.deleted_objects:
obj.delete()
for instance in instances:
instance.user = request.user
instance.save()
formset.save_m2m()
4）ModelAdmin.get_ordering(request)
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
def get_ordering(self, request):
if request.user.is_superuser:
return ['name', 'rank']
else:
return ['name']
5）ModelAdmin.get_search_results
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('name', 'age')
search_fields = ('name',) def get_search_results(self, request, queryset, search_term):
queryset, use_distinct = super().get_search_results(request, queryset, search_term)
try:
search_term_as_int = int(search_term)
except ValueError:
pass
else:
queryset |= self.model.objects.filter(age=search_term_as_int)
return queryset, use_distinct
五：ModelAdmin可以自定义模板
ModelAdmin.add_form_template add_view()
ModelAdmin.change_form_template change_view()
ModelAdmin.change_list_template changelist_view()
ModelAdmin.delete_confirmation_template delete_view()
ModelAdmin.delete_selected_confirmation_template delete_selected
ModelAdmin.object_history_template history_view()
odelAdmin.popup_response_template response_add(), response_change(), and response_delete()