union的默认排序规则见下文
数据库:mysql
实例
create table test
(
id int primary key,
name varchar(50) not null,
score int not null
);
insert into test values(1,'Aaron',78);
insert into test values(2,'Bill',76);
insert into test values(3,'Cindy',89);
insert into test values(4,'Damon',90);
insert into test values(5,'Ella',73);
insert into test values(6,'Frado',61);
insert into test values(7,'Gill',99);
insert into test values(8,'Hellen',56);
insert into test values(9,'Ivan',93);
insert into test values(10,'Jay',90);
1.1执行union
select *
from test
where id<4
union
select *
from student
where id>2 and id<6
如图:
1.2换下select执行顺序:
select *
from student
where id>2 and id<6
union
select *
from test
where id<4
结果如图:
总结:可以看到,对于UNION来说,交换两个SELECT语句的顺序后结果仍然是一样的,这是因为UNION会自动排序
2.1执行union all
select *
from test
where id<4
union all
select *
from student
where id>2 and id<6
如图:
2.2换下select的顺序:
select *
from student
where id>2 and id<6
union all
select *
from test
where id<4
如图:
总结:UNION ALL在交换了SELECT语句的顺序后结果则不相同,因为UNION ALL不会对结果自动进行排序。
扩展:
那么这个自动排序的规则是什么呢?我们交换一下SELECT后面选择字段的顺序(前面使用SELECT *相当于SELECT ID,NAME,SCORE)
select score,id,name
from student
where id<4
union
select score,id,name
from student
where id>2 and id<6
;
执行结果:
可以看出,默认是根据主键升序排序
特别注意:如果id不是主键,会根据score字段排序;
unoin也可以自定义排序,指定某个字段升序或是降序,如下:
select score,id,name
from test
where id > 2 and id < 7
union
select score,id,name
from test
where id < 4
union
select score,id,name
from test
where id > 8
order by score desc
运行结果如下:
文章来自:union all和union的区别_麦子的博客-CSDN博客_unionall