Tkinter 编程

2022-05-22 18:39:29

Tkinter 编程

Tkinter 是 Python 的标准 GUI 库。Python 使用 Tkinter 可以快速的创建 GUI 应用程序。

由于 Tkinter 是内置到 python 的安装包中、只要安装好 Python 之后就能 import Tkinter 库、而且 IDLE 也是用 Tkinter 编写而成、对于简单的图形界面 Tkinter 还是能应付自如。

创建一个GUI程序

  • 1、导入 Tkinter 模块
  • 2、创建控件
  • 3、指定这个控件的 master， 即这个控件属于哪一个
  • 4、告诉 GM(geometry manager) 有一个控件产生了。

 

import tkinter
top = tkinter.Tk()
# 进入消息循环
top.mainloop()

Tkinter 编程

 

 

# 导入 Tkinter 库
# Python3.x 导入方法
from tkinter import * 
root = Tk()                     # 创建窗口对象的背景色
                                # 创建两个列表
li     = ['C','python','php','html','SQL','java']
movie  = ['CSS','jQuery','Bootstrap']
listb  = Listbox(root)          #  创建两个列表组件
listb2 = Listbox(root)
for item in li:                 # 第一个小部件插入数据
    listb.insert(0,item)
 
for item in movie:              # 第二个小部件插入数据
    listb2.insert(0,item)
 
listb.pack()                    # 将小部件放置到主窗口中
listb2.pack()
root.mainloop()                 # 进入消息循环

 

Tkinter 编程

 

 

Tkinter 组件

Tkinter 的提供各种控件，如按钮，标签和文本框，一个GUI应用程序中使用。这些控件通常被称为控件或者部件。

目前有15种 Tkinter的部件。我们提出这些部件以及一个简短的介绍，在下面的表:

控件 描述
Button 按钮控件；在程序中显示按钮。
Canvas 画布控件；显示图形元素如线条或文本
Checkbutton 多选框控件；用于在程序中提供多项选择框
Entry 输入控件；用于显示简单的文本内容
Frame 框架控件；在屏幕上显示一个矩形区域，多用来作为容器
Label 标签控件；可以显示文本和位图
Listbox 列表框控件；在Listbox窗口小部件是用来显示一个字符串列表给用户
Menubutton 菜单按钮控件，用于显示菜单项。
Menu 菜单控件；显示菜单栏,下拉菜单和弹出菜单
Message 消息控件；用来显示多行文本，与label比较类似
Radiobutton 单选按钮控件；显示一个单选的按钮状态
Scale 范围控件；显示一个数值刻度，为输出限定范围的数字区间
Scrollbar 滚动条控件，当内容超过可视化区域时使用，如列表框。.
Text 文本控件；用于显示多行文本
Toplevel 容器控件；用来提供一个单独的对话框，和Frame比较类似
Spinbox 输入控件；与Entry类似，但是可以指定输入范围值
PanedWindow PanedWindow是一个窗口布局管理的插件，可以包含一个或者多个子控件。
LabelFrame labelframe 是一个简单的容器控件。常用与复杂的窗口布局。
tkMessageBox 用于显示你应用程序的消息框。

标准属性

标准属性也就是所有控件的共同属性，如大小，字体和颜色等等。

属性 描述
Dimension 控件大小；
Color 控件颜色；
Font 控件字体；
Anchor 锚点；
Relief 控件样式；
Bitmap 位图；
Cursor 光标；

几何管理

Tkinter控件有特定的几何状态管理方法，管理整个控件区域组织，以下是Tkinter公开的几何管理类：包、网格、位置

几何方法 描述
pack() 包装；
grid() 网格；
place() 位置；

 

按钮示例

 

from tkinter import *

from tkinter import messagebox

top = Tk()
top.geometry("100x100")
def helloCallBack():
   msg = messagebox.showinfo( "Hello Python", "Hello World")

B = Button(top, text = "Hello", command = helloCallBack)
B.place(x = 50,y = 50)
top.mainloop()

 

Tkinter 编程

 

 Canvas 示例

from tkinter import *

from tkinter import messagebox

top = Tk()

C = Canvas(top, bg = "blue", height = 250, width = 300)

coord = 10, 50, 240, 210
arc = C.create_arc(coord, start = 0, extent = 150, fill = "red")
line = C.create_line(10,10,200,200,fill = 'white')
C.pack()
top.mainloop()

Tkinter 编程

 

 Checkbutton

from tkinter import *

import tkinter
    
top = Tk()
CheckVar1 = IntVar()
CheckVar2 = IntVar()
C1 = Checkbutton(top, text = "Music", variable = CheckVar1, \
                 onvalue = 1, offvalue = 0, height=5, \
                 width = 20, )
C2 = Checkbutton(top, text = "Video", variable = CheckVar2, \
                 onvalue = 1, offvalue = 0, height=5, \
                 width = 20)
C1.pack()
C2.pack()
top.mainloop()

 

Tkinter 编程

 

 

 Entry

from tkinter import *

top = Tk()
L1 = Label(top, text = "User Name")
L1.pack( side = LEFT)
E1 = Entry(top, bd = 5)
E1.pack(side = RIGHT)

top.mainloop()

 

Tkinter 编程

 

 Frame

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
frame = Frame(root)
frame.pack()

bottomframe = Frame(root)
bottomframe.pack( side = BOTTOM )

redbutton = Button(frame, text = "Red", fg = "red")
redbutton.pack( side = LEFT)

greenbutton = Button(frame, text = "Brown", fg="brown")
greenbutton.pack( side = LEFT )

bluebutton = Button(frame, text = "Blue", fg = "blue")
bluebutton.pack( side = LEFT )

blackbutton = Button(bottomframe, text = "Black", fg = "black")
blackbutton.pack( side = BOTTOM)

root.mainloop()

 

Tkinter 编程

 

 Label

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

var = StringVar()
label = Label( root, textvariable = var, relief = RAISED )

var.set("Hey!? How are you doing?")
label.pack()
root.mainloop()

 

Tkinter 编程

 

 Listbox

from tkinter import *

import tkinter

top = Tk()

Lb1 = Listbox(top)
Lb1.insert(1, "Python")
Lb1.insert(2, "Perl")
Lb1.insert(3, "C")
Lb1.insert(4, "PHP")
Lb1.insert(5, "JSP")
Lb1.insert(6, "Ruby")

Lb1.pack()
top.mainloop()

 

Tkinter 编程

 

 Menubutton

from tkinter import *

import tkinter

top = Tk()

mb =  Menubutton ( top, text = "condiments", relief = RAISED )
mb.grid()
mb.menu  =  Menu ( mb, tearoff = 0 )
mb["menu"]  =  mb.menu
    
mayoVar  = IntVar()
ketchVar = IntVar()

mb.menu.add_checkbutton ( label = "mayo",
                          variable = mayoVar )
mb.menu.add_checkbutton ( label = "ketchup",
                          variable = ketchVar )

mb.pack()
top.mainloop()

 

Tkinter 编程

 

 Menu

from tkinter import *
def donothing():
   filewin = Toplevel(root)
   button = Button(filewin, text="Do nothing button")
   button.pack()
   
root = Tk()
menubar = Menu(root)
filemenu = Menu(menubar, tearoff = 0)
filemenu.add_command(label="New", command = donothing)
filemenu.add_command(label = "Open", command = donothing)
filemenu.add_command(label = "Save", command = donothing)
filemenu.add_command(label = "Save as...", command = donothing)
filemenu.add_command(label = "Close", command = donothing)

filemenu.add_separator()

filemenu.add_command(label = "Exit", command = root.quit)
menubar.add_cascade(label = "File", menu = filemenu)
editmenu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
editmenu.add_command(label = "Undo", command = donothing)

editmenu.add_separator()

editmenu.add_command(label = "Cut", command = donothing)
editmenu.add_command(label = "Copy", command = donothing)
editmenu.add_command(label = "Paste", command = donothing)
editmenu.add_command(label = "Delete", command = donothing)
editmenu.add_command(label = "Select All", command = donothing)

menubar.add_cascade(label = "Edit", menu = editmenu)
helpmenu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
helpmenu.add_command(label = "Help Index", command = donothing)
helpmenu.add_command(label = "About...", command = donothing)
menubar.add_cascade(label = "Help", menu = helpmenu)

root.config(menu = menubar)
root.mainloop()

 

Tkinter 编程

 

 Message

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

var = StringVar()
label = Message( root, textvariable = var, relief = RAISED )

var.set("Hey!? How are you doing?")
label.pack()
root.mainloop()

 

Tkinter 编程

 

 

 Radiobutton

 

from tkinter import *

def sel():
   selection = "You selected the option " + str(var.get())
   label.config(text = selection)

root = Tk()
var = IntVar()
R1 = Radiobutton(root, text = "Option 1", variable = var, value = 1,
                  command = sel)
R1.pack( anchor = W )

R2 = Radiobutton(root, text = "Option 2", variable = var, value = 2,
                  command = sel)
R2.pack( anchor = W )

R3 = Radiobutton(root, text = "Option 3", variable = var, value = 3,
                  command = sel)
R3.pack( anchor = W)

label = Label(root)
label.pack()
root.mainloop()

Tkinter 编程

 

 

 Scale

from tkinter import *

def sel():
   selection = "Value = " + str(var.get())
   label.config(text = selection)

root = Tk()
var = DoubleVar()
scale = Scale( root, variable = var )
scale.pack(anchor = CENTER)

button = Button(root, text = "Get Scale Value", command = sel)
button.pack(anchor = CENTER)

label = Label(root)
label.pack()

root.mainloop()

 

Tkinter 编程

 

 

 Scrollbar

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
scrollbar = Scrollbar(root)
scrollbar.pack( side = RIGHT, fill = Y )

mylist = Listbox(root, yscrollcommand = scrollbar.set )
for line in range(100):
   mylist.insert(END, "This is line number " + str(line))

mylist.pack( side = LEFT, fill = BOTH )
scrollbar.config( command = mylist.yview )

mainloop()

 

 

Tkinter 编程

 

 

 Text

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
text = Text(root)
text.insert(INSERT, "Hello.....")
text.insert(END, "Bye Bye.....")
text.pack()

text.tag_add("here", "1.0", "1.4")
text.tag_add("start", "1.8", "1.13")
text.tag_config("here", background = "yellow", foreground = "blue")
text.tag_config("start", background = "black", foreground = "green")
root.mainloop()

 

Tkinter 编程

 

 

 Toplevel

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
root.title("hello")
top = Toplevel()
top.title("Python")
top.mainloop()

 

Tkinter 编程

 

 

 Spinbox

from tkinter import *

master = Tk()

w = Spinbox(master, from_ = 0, to = 10)
w.pack()

mainloop()

 

Tkinter 编程

 

 

PanedWindow
from tkinter import *

m1 = PanedWindow()
m1.pack(fill = BOTH, expand = 1)

left = Entry(m1, bd = 5)
m1.add(left)

m2 = PanedWindow(m1, orient = VERTICAL)
m1.add(m2)

top = Scale( m2, orient = HORIZONTAL)
m2.add(top)

bottom = Button(m2, text = "OK")
m2.add(bottom)

mainloop()

 

Tkinter 编程

 

 LabelFrame

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

labelframe = LabelFrame(root, text = "This is a LabelFrame")
labelframe.pack(fill = "both", expand = "yes")
 
left = Label(labelframe, text = "Inside the LabelFrame")
left.pack()
 
root.mainloop()

 

Tkinter 编程

 

messagebox

from tkinter import *

from tkinter import messagebox

top = Tk()
top.geometry("100x100")
def hello():
   messagebox.showinfo("Say Hello", "Hello World")

B1 = Button(top, text = "Say Hello", command = hello)
B1.place(x = 35,y = 50)

top.mainloop()

 

Tkinter 编程

 

 

 

 

REF

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python3/python_gui_programming.htm

https://www.runoob.com/python/python-gui-tkinter.html

 

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