R + Hive = RHive
支持原创:http://blog.fens.me/nosql-r-hive/
R利剑NoSQL系列文章 之 Hive
- Hive介绍
- Hive安装
- RHive安装
- RHive函数库
- RHive基本使用操作
1. Hive介绍
Hive是建立在Hadoop上的数据仓库基础构架。它提供了一系列的工具,可以用来进行数据提取转化加载(ETL),这是一种可以存储、查询和分析存储在 Hadoop 中的大规模数据的机制。Hive 定义了简单的类 SQL 查询语言,称为 HQL,它允许熟悉 SQL 的用户查询数据。同时,这个语言也允许熟悉 MapReduce 开发者的开发自定义的 mapper 和 reducer 来处理内建的 mapper 和 reducer 无法完成的复杂的分析工作。
Hive 没有专门的数据格式。 Hive 可以很好的工作在 Thrift 之上,控制分隔符,也允许用户指定数据格式
上面内容摘自 百度百科(http://baike.baidu.com/view/699292.htm)
hive与关系数据库的区别:
- 数据存储不同:hive基于hadoop的HDFS,关系数据库则基于本地文件系统
- 计算模型不同:hive基于hadoop的mapreduce,关系数据库则基于索引的内存计算模型
- 应用场景不同:hive是OLAP数据仓库系统提供海量数据查询的,实时性很差;关系数据库是OLTP事务系统,为实时查询业务服务
- 扩展性不同:hive基于hadoop很容易通过分布式增加存储能力和计算能力,关系数据库水平扩展很难,要不断增加单机的性能
2. Hive安装
Hive是基于Hadoop开发的数据仓库产品,所以首先我们要先有Hadoop的环境。
Hadoop安装,请参考:Hadoop环境搭建, 创建Hadoop母体虚拟机
Hive的安装,请参考:Hive安装及使用攻略
Hadoop-1.0.3的下载地址
http://archive.apache.org/dist/hadoop/core/hadoop-1.0.3/
Hive-0.9.0的下载地址
http://archive.apache.org/dist/hive/hive-0.9.0/
Hive安装好后
启动hiveserver的服务
~ nohup hive --service hiveserver &
Starting Hive Thrift Server
打开hive shell
~ hive shell
Logging initialized using configuration in file:/home/conan/hadoop/hive-0.9.0/conf/hive-log4j.proper ties
Hive history file=/tmp/conan/hive_job_log_conan_201306261459_153868095.txt
#查看hive的表
hive> show tables;
hive_algo_t_account
o_account
r_t_account
Time taken: 2.12 seconds
#查看o_account表的数据
hive> select * from o_account;
1 abc@163.com 2013-04-22 12:21:39
2 dedac@163.com 2013-04-22 12:21:39
3 qq8fed@163.com 2013-04-22 12:21:39
4 qw1@163.com 2013-04-22 12:21:39
5 af3d@163.com 2013-04-22 12:21:39
6 ab34@163.com 2013-04-22 12:21:39
7 q8d1@gmail.com 2013-04-23 09:21:24
8 conan@gmail.com 2013-04-23 09:21:24
9 adeg@sohu.com 2013-04-23 09:21:24
10 ade121@sohu.com 2013-04-23 09:21:24
11 addde@sohu.com 2013-04-23 09:21:24
Time taken: 0.469 seconds
3. RHive安装
请提前配置好JAVA的环境:
~ java -version
java version "1.6.0_29"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_29-b11)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 20.4-b02, mixed mode)
安装R:Ubuntu 12.04,请更新源再下载R2.15.3版本
~ sudo sh -c "echo deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/cran/bin/linux/ubuntu precise/ >>/etc/apt/sources.list"
~ sudo apt-get update
~ sudo apt-get install r-base-core=2.15.3-1precise0precise1
安装R依赖库:rjava
#配置rJava
~ sudo R CMD javareconf
#启动R程序
~ sudo R
install.packages("rJava")
安装RHive
install.packages("RHive")
library(RHive)
Loading required package: rJava
Loading required package: Rserve
This is RHive 0.0-7. For overview type ‘?RHive’.
HIVE_HOME=/home/conan/hadoop/hive-0.9.0
call rhive.init() because HIVE_HOME is set.
由于RHive已经从CRAN上移除,需要动手下载安装,下载地址:https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/RHive/。我们需要动手下载RHive_0.0-7.tar.gz包,然后通过命令进行安装。
# 安装RHive
~ R CMD INSTALL RHive_0.0-7.tar.gz
4. RHive函数库
rhive.aggregate rhive.connect rhive.hdfs.exists rhive.mapapply
rhive.assign rhive.desc.table rhive.hdfs.get rhive.mrapply
rhive.basic.by rhive.drop.table rhive.hdfs.info rhive.napply
rhive.basic.cut rhive.env rhive.hdfs.ls rhive.query
rhive.basic.cut2 rhive.exist.table rhive.hdfs.mkdirs rhive.reduceapply
rhive.basic.merge rhive.export rhive.hdfs.put rhive.rm
rhive.basic.mode rhive.exportAll rhive.hdfs.rename rhive.sapply
rhive.basic.range rhive.hdfs.cat rhive.hdfs.rm rhive.save
rhive.basic.scale rhive.hdfs.chgrp rhive.hdfs.tail rhive.script.export
rhive.basic.t.test rhive.hdfs.chmod rhive.init rhive.script.unexport
rhive.basic.xtabs rhive.hdfs.chown rhive.list.tables
rhive.size.table
rhive.big.query rhive.hdfs.close rhive.load rhive.write.table
rhive.block.sample rhive.hdfs.connect rhive.load.table
rhive.close rhive.hdfs.du rhive.load.table2
Hive和RHive的基本操作对比:
#连接到hive
Hive: hive shell
RHive: rhive.connect("192.168.1.210")
#列出所有hive的表
Hive: show tables;
RHive: rhive.list.tables()
#查看表结构
Hive: desc o_account;
RHive: rhive.desc.table('o_account'), rhive.desc.table('o_account',TRUE)
#执行HQL查询
Hive: select * from o_account;
RHive: rhive.query('select * from o_account')
#查看hdfs目录
Hive: dfs -ls /;
RHive: rhive.hdfs.ls()
#查看hdfs文件内容
Hive: dfs -cat /user/hive/warehouse/o_account/part-m-00000;
RHive: rhive.hdfs.cat('/user/hive/warehouse/o_account/part-m-00000')
#断开连接
Hive: quit;
RHive: rhive.close()
5. RHive基本使用操作
#初始化
rhive.init()
#连接hive
rhive.connect("192.168.1.210")
#查看所有表
rhive.list.tables()
tab_name
1 hive_algo_t_account
2 o_account
3 r_t_account
#查看表结构
rhive.desc.table('o_account');
col_name data_type comment
1 id int
2 email string
3 create_date string
#执行HQL查询
rhive.query("select * from o_account");
id email create_date
1 1 abc@163.com 2013-04-22 12:21:39
2 2 dedac@163.com 2013-04-22 12:21:39
3 3 qq8fed@163.com 2013-04-22 12:21:39
4 4 qw1@163.com 2013-04-22 12:21:39
5 5 af3d@163.com 2013-04-22 12:21:39
6 6 ab34@163.com 2013-04-22 12:21:39
7 7 q8d1@gmail.com 2013-04-23 09:21:24
8 8 conan@gmail.com 2013-04-23 09:21:24
9 9 adeg@sohu.com 2013-04-23 09:21:24
10 10 ade121@sohu.com 2013-04-23 09:21:24
11 11 addde@sohu.com 2013-04-23 09:21:24
#关闭连接
rhive.close()
[1] TRUE
创建临时表
rhive.block.sample('o_account', subset="id<5")
[1] "rhive_sblk_1372238856"
rhive.query("select * from rhive_sblk_1372238856");
id email create_date
1 1 abc@163.com 2013-04-22 12:21:39
2 2 dedac@163.com 2013-04-22 12:21:39
3 3 qq8fed@163.com 2013-04-22 12:21:39
4 4 qw1@163.com 2013-04-22 12:21:39
#查看hdfs的文件
rhive.hdfs.ls('/user/hive/warehouse/rhive_sblk_1372238856/')
permission owner group length modify-time
1 rw-r--r-- conan supergroup 141 2013-06-26 17:28
file
1 /user/hive/warehouse/rhive_sblk_1372238856/000000_0
rhive.hdfs.cat('/user/hive/warehouse/rhive_sblk_1372238856/000000_0')
1abc@163.com2013-04-22 12:21:39
2dedac@163.com2013-04-22 12:21:39
3qq8fed@163.com2013-04-22 12:21:39
4qw1@163.com2013-04-22 12:21:39
按范围分割字段数据
rhive.basic.cut('o_account','id',breaks='0:100:3')
[1] "rhive_result_20130626173626"
attr(,"result:size")
[1] 443
rhive.query("select * from rhive_result_20130626173626");
email create_date id
1 abc@163.com 2013-04-22 12:21:39 (0,3]
2 dedac@163.com 2013-04-22 12:21:39 (0,3]
3 qq8fed@163.com 2013-04-22 12:21:39 (0,3]
4 qw1@163.com 2013-04-22 12:21:39 (3,6]
5 af3d@163.com 2013-04-22 12:21:39 (3,6]
6 ab34@163.com 2013-04-22 12:21:39 (3,6]
7 q8d1@gmail.com 2013-04-23 09:21:24 (6,9]
8 conan@gmail.com 2013-04-23 09:21:24 (6,9]
9 adeg@sohu.com 2013-04-23 09:21:24 (6,9]
10 ade121@sohu.com 2013-04-23 09:21:24 (9,12]
11 addde@sohu.com 2013-04-23 09:21:24 (9,12]
Hive操作HDFS
#查看hdfs文件目录
rhive.hdfs.ls()
permission owner group length modify-time file
1 rwxr-xr-x conan supergroup 0 2013-04-24 01:52 /hbase
2 rwxr-xr-x conan supergroup 0 2013-06-23 10:59 /home
3 rwxr-xr-x conan supergroup 0 2013-06-26 11:18 /rhive
4 rwxr-xr-x conan supergroup 0 2013-06-23 13:27 /tmp
5 rwxr-xr-x conan supergroup 0 2013-04-24 19:28 /user
#查看hdfs文件内容
rhive.hdfs.cat('/user/hive/warehouse/o_account/part-m-00000')
1abc@163.com2013-04-22 12:21:39
2dedac@163.com2013-04-22 12:21:39
3qq8fed@163.com2013-04-22 12:21:39