1，在根目录下创建images目录，然后依次创建iso和test。其中ISO目录是存放ISO镜像的，test是存放虚拟机的主机名的，然后把Linux安装镜像的iso文件，上传到iso文件夹里
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[root@KVM ~]# mkdir -p /images/iso
[root@KVM ~]# mkdir -p /images/test
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[root@KVM ~]# ll /data/iso/
total 407556-rw-r--r-- 1 qemu qemu 417333248 Aug 5 09:11 CentOS-6.5-x86_64-minimal.iso |
2，安装Linux虚拟主机：
a)安装raw磁盘格式的虚拟机：
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[root@KVM images]#virt-install --name hadoop2 --ram 1024 --vcpus 1 --disk path=/images/test/hadoop2.img,size=10 --network bridge=br0,model=virtio --noautoconsole --accelerate --vnc --vncport=5912 --vnclisten=0.0.0.0 --cdrom /images/iso/CentOS-6.5-x86_64-minimal.iso -d
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b)安装qcow2格式的磁盘（空间动态增长），首先要先创建qcow2格式的磁盘。
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[root@KVM test]# qemu-img create -f qcow2 hadoop3.img 10G
Formatting 'hadoop3.img', fmt=qcow2 size=10737418240 encryption=off cluster_size=65536
[root@KVM test]# virt-install --name=hadoop3 --ram 512 --vcpus=1 --disk path=/images/test/hadoop3.img,format=qcow2,size=7,bus=virtio --accelerate --cdrom /images/iso/CentOS-6.5-x86_64-minimal.iso -d --vnc --vncport=5913 --network network:default --noautoconsole
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具体的安装信息，如下：
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[root@KVM test]# qemu-img create -f qcow2 hadoop3.img 10G
Formatting 'hadoop3.img', fmt=qcow2 size=10737418240 encryption=off cluster_size=65536
[root@KVM test]# virt-install --name=hadoop3 --ram 512 --vcpus=1 --disk path=/images/test/hadoop3.img,format=qcow2,size=7,bus=virtio --accelerate --cdrom /images/iso/CentOS-6.5-x86_64-minimal.iso -d --vnc --vncport=5913 --network network:default --noautoconsole
Tue, 02 Feb 2016 14:12:36 DEBUG Launched with command line:
/usr/sbin/virt-install --name=hadoop3 --ram 512 --vcpus=1 --disk path=/images/test/hadoop3.img,format=qcow2,size=7,bus=virtio --accelerate --cdrom /images/iso/CentOS-6.5-x86_64-minimal.iso -d --vnc --vncport=5913 --network network:default --noautoconsole
Tue, 02 Feb 2016 14:12:36 DEBUG Requesting libvirt URI defaultTue, 02 Feb 2016 14:12:36 DEBUG Received libvirt URI qemu:///system
Tue, 02 Feb 2016 14:12:36 DEBUG Requesting virt method 'default', hv type 'default'.
Tue, 02 Feb 2016 14:12:36 WARNING KVM acceleration not available, using 'qemu'
Tue, 02 Feb 2016 14:12:36 DEBUG Received virt method 'hvm'
Tue, 02 Feb 2016 14:12:36 DEBUG Hypervisor name is 'qemu'
Tue, 02 Feb 2016 14:12:36 DEBUG --graphics compat generated: vnc,port=5913Tue, 02 Feb 2016 14:12:36 DEBUG DistroInstaller location is a local file/path: /images/iso/CentOS-6.5-x86_64-minimal.iso
Tue, 02 Feb 2016 14:12:36 DEBUG Guest.has_install_phase: TrueStarting install...
Tue, 02 Feb 2016 14:12:36 DEBUG Generated install XML:
<domain type='qemu'>
<name>hadoop3</name>
<uuid>ae9def17-b45b-f9ea-4ff9-ece22c95503e</uuid>
<memory>524288</memory>
<currentMemory>524288</currentMemory>
<vcpu>1</vcpu>
<os>
<type arch='x86_64'>hvm</type>
<boot dev='cdrom'/>
<boot dev='hd'/>
</os>
<features>
<acpi/><apic/><pae/>
</features>
<clock offset="utc"/>
<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
<on_reboot>destroy</on_reboot>
<on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
<devices>
<emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='qcow2' cache='none'/>
<source file='/images/test/hadoop3.img'/>
<target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
</disk>
<disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
<driver name='qemu'/>
<source file='/images/iso/CentOS-6.5-x86_64-minimal.iso'/>
<target dev='hdc' bus='ide'/>
<readonly/>
</disk>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'>
</controller>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'>
<master startport='0'/>
</controller>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'>
<master startport='2'/>
</controller>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'>
<master startport='4'/>
</controller>
<interface type='network'>
<source network='default'/>
<mac address='52:54:00:87:5b:c0'/>
</interface>
<input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
<graphics type='vnc' port='5913'/>
<console type='pty'/>
<video>
<model type='cirrus'/>
</video>
</devices>
</domain>
Tue, 02 Feb 2016 14:12:36 DEBUG Generated boot XML: <domain type='qemu'>
<name>hadoop3</name>
<uuid>ae9def17-b45b-f9ea-4ff9-ece22c95503e</uuid>
<memory>524288</memory>
<currentMemory>524288</currentMemory>
<vcpu>1</vcpu>
<os>
<type arch='x86_64'>hvm</type>
<boot dev='hd'/>
</os>
<features>
<acpi/><apic/><pae/>
</features>
<clock offset="utc"/>
<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
<on_crash>restart</on_crash>
<devices>
<emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='qcow2' cache='none'/>
<source file='/images/test/hadoop3.img'/>
<target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
</disk>
<disk type='block' device='cdrom'>
<target dev='hdc' bus='ide'/>
<readonly/>
</disk>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'>
</controller>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'>
<master startport='0'/>
</controller>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'>
<master startport='2'/>
</controller>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'>
<master startport='4'/>
</controller>
<interface type='network'>
<source network='default'/>
<mac address='52:54:00:87:5b:c0'/>
</interface>
<input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
<graphics type='vnc' port='5913'/>
<console type='pty'/>
<video>
<model type='cirrus'/>
</video>
</devices>
</domain>
Creating domain... | 0 B 00:00 Tue, 02 Feb 2016 14:12:36 DEBUG Started guest, connecting to console if requested
Tue, 02 Feb 2016 14:12:36 DEBUG XML fetched from libvirt object:<domain type='qemu' id='15'>
<name>hadoop3</name>
<uuid>ae9def17-b45b-f9ea-4ff9-ece22c95503e</uuid>
<memory unit='KiB'>524288</memory>
<currentMemory unit='KiB'>524288</currentMemory>
<vcpu placement='static'>1</vcpu>
<os>
<type arch='x86_64' machine='rhel6.6.0'>hvm</type>
<boot dev='cdrom'/>
<boot dev='hd'/>
</os>
<features>
<acpi/>
<apic/>
<pae/>
</features>
<clock offset='utc'/>
<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
<on_reboot>destroy</on_reboot>
<on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
<devices>
<emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='qcow2' cache='none'/>
<source file='/images/test/hadoop3.img'/>
<target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
<alias name='virtio-disk0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
</disk>
<disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
<driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
<source file='/images/iso/CentOS-6.5-x86_64-minimal.iso'/>
<target dev='hdc' bus='ide'/>
<readonly/>
<alias name='ide0-1-0'/>
<address type='drive' controller='0' bus='1' target='0' unit='0'/>
</disk>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'>
<alias name='usb0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x7'/>
</controller>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'>
<alias name='usb0'/>
<master startport='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>
</controller>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'>
<alias name='usb0'/>
<master startport='2'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x1'/>
</controller>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'>
<alias name='usb0'/>
<master startport='4'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x2'/>
</controller>
<controller type='ide' index='0'>
<alias name='ide0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
</controller>
<interface type='network'>
<mac address='52:54:00:87:5b:c0'/>
<source network='default'/>
<target dev='vnet3'/>
<alias name='net0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
</interface>
<serial type='pty'>
<source path='/dev/pts/8'/>
<target port='0'/>
<alias name='serial0'/>
</serial>
<console type='pty' tty='/dev/pts/8'>
<source path='/dev/pts/8'/>
<target type='serial' port='0'/>
<alias name='serial0'/>
</console>
<input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
<graphics type='vnc' port='5913' autoport='no' listen='127.0.0.1'>
<listen type='address' address='127.0.0.1'/>
</graphics>
<video>
<model type='cirrus' vram='9216' heads='1'/>
<alias name='video0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
</video>
<memballoon model='virtio'>
<alias name='balloon0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>
</memballoon>
</devices>
</domain>
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然后按照提示安装步骤一步步来安装，操作系统的安装省略。
也可以通过VNC使用virt-manager远程进行安装管理
[参数说明]
--name 虚拟机名称
--hvm 使用全虚拟化（与para-irtualization向对），不支持xen hypervisor
--ram 虚拟机内存大小
--vcpus 虚拟机虚拟CPU个数
--disk 虚拟机使用的磁盘（文件）的路径，本例中文件放置在/images/test目录下
--network 网络设置，使用默认设置即可
--vnc 设置连接桌面环境的vnc端口，本例是5911
--cdrom 设置光驱获取虚拟光驱文件的路径 -d 指示从光驱启动（ -c 指示从硬盘启动）我们这里是/images/iso
安装时建议一个来安装，否则会出现报错信息
本文转自 lqbyz 51CTO博客，原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/liqingbiao/1740672