1. 五大视图
| 动作 | 视图名 | 是否需要model（官方） | 是否需要form |
| 增 | CreateView | 是 | 是 |
| 删 | DeleteView | 是 | 否 |
| 改 | UpdateView | 是 | 是 |
| 查 | ListView, DetailView | 是 | 否 |
ListView是继承TemplateView
2. 开始一个小项目
项目介绍：新馆疫情登记
项目要求：列表，列出所有人员大概信息
新建app：django-admin startapp personal_info
提示：如果html记不清的话，去这个boostrap看一下，他是一个比较简单的前端库，主要是css和js的组件
代码如下
# first_project/personal_info/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
# Create your views here.
from django.views.generic import ListView
from personal_info.models import Person
class PersonList(ListView):
model = Person
template_name = 'personal_info/person_list.html'
first_project/personal_info/views.py
# first_project/personal_info/urls.py
from django.urls import path
from personal_info import views
app_name = 'personal_info'
urlpatterns = [
path('', views.PersonList.as_view()),
]
first_project/personal_info/urls.py
# first_project/peronal_info/models.py
from django.db import models
class Person(models.Model): # 继承Model
GENDER_CHOICES = (
(1, '男'),
(0, '女')
)
name = models.CharField(max_length=32) # 定义VARCHAR类型字段，max_length是必须的
age = models.IntegerField() # 定义整形字段
gender = models.BooleanField(choices=GENDER_CHOICES) # 定义布尔类型变量，可选择的
id_card = models.CharField(max_length=18)
address = models.CharField(max_length=256)
temperature = models.FloatField() # 定义浮点型字段
class Meta: # model中的配置中心
permissions = () # 将数据库权限设置为空
first_project/peronal_info/models.py
<!-- first_project/personal_info/templates/personal_info/person_list.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>疫情人员登记表</title>
</head>
<body>
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">ID</th>
<th scope="col">名字</th>
<th scope="col">年龄</th>
<th scope="col">性别</th>
<th scope="col">疑似</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<!-- 默认是object_list 模板语言for循环语法 -->
{% for item in object_list %}
<tr>
<td>{{ item.id }}</td>
<td>{{ item.name }}</td>
<td>{{ item.age }}</td>
<!-- 不加get_display会显示数字 -->
<td>{{ item.gender.get_display }}</td>
<td>{% if item.temperature > 37 %}是{% else %}否{% endif %}</td>
</tr>
{% empty %}
<tr>
<!-- 意思是将5列合并成1列 -->
<td colspan="5">暂无数据</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>
first_project/personal_info/templates/personal_info/person_list.html
# first_project/first_project/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'first_app.apps.FirstAppConfig', # 注册 fist_app
'personal_info.apps.PersonalInfoConfig', # 注册 personal_info
]
first_project/first_project/settings.py
# first_project/first_project/urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
from first_app import urls as first_app_urls
from personal_info import urls as personal_info_urls
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('first_app/', include(first_app_urls, namespace='test')),
path('personal_info/', include(personal_info_urls, namespace='personal_info'))
]
first_project/first_project/urls.py
执行 python3 manage.py makemigrations，会遍历每个目录下models.py文件，如果有定义model，会生成相应的迁移文件
一般不需要关注生成的文件
执行 python3 manage.py migrate 迁移文件
启动服务
因为数据库中没有数据，所以是合理的