一、备份apt源的配置文件
我们要修改的文件是
sources.list，它在目录/etc/apt/下，sources.list是包管理工具apt所用的记录软件包仓库位置的配置文件，同样类型的还有位于 同目录下sources.list.d文件下的各种.list后缀的各文件。
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
二、编辑apt源的配置文件
关于Vim介绍以及使用：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43438052/article/details/108743013
vim /etc/apt/sources.list
如果报错
sudo:vim:command not found说明没装vim编辑器。安装命令：
sudo apt-get install vim
三、查看Ubuntu版本代号
- 使用命令查看Ubuntu的版本代号
Codename：
lsb_release -c
# Codename: bionic
- 我用的是
Ubuntu18.04(LTS),其代号为bionic
Ubuntu 12.04 (LTS)代号为precise
Ubuntu 14.04 (LTS)代号为trusty
Ubuntu 15.04代号为vivid
Ubuntu 15.10代号为wily
Ubuntu 16.04 (LTS)代号为xenial
Ubuntu 18.04 (LTS)代号为bionic
四、更换apt源
-
sources.list文件的条目都是有格式的，一般有如下形式：
# deb包
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
# 源码
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
-
Ubuntu中软件包的分类是main，restricted，universe，multiverse
快速切换源配置文件
- 建议备份保存为多个源（当网络出现问题时，可以换上切换！）
# 官方的源
/etc/apt/sources.list
# 阿里云
/etc/apt/sources.list.aliyun
# 清华
/etc/apt/sources.list.qinghua
- 当需要时，用命令切换
# 重命名
mv sources.list.aliyun sources.list
1. 阿里云
#deb包
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
##测试版源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# 源码
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
##测试版源
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# Canonical 合作伙伴和附加
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/ bionic partner
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main
2. 清华大学镜像站
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
五、执行更新
sudo apt-get update
六、更新软件
sudo apt-get upgrade