Elasticsearch之settings和mappings（图文详解）
Elasticsearch之settings和mappings的意义
简单的说，就是
settings是修改分片和副本数的。
mappings是修改字段和类型的。
记住，可以用url方式来操作它们，也可以用java方式来操作它们。建议用url方式，因为简单很多。
1、ES中的settings
查询索引库的settings信息
[hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ curl -XGET http://192.168.80.10:9200/zhouls/_settings?pretty
{
"zhouls" : {
"settings" : {
"index" : {
"creation_date" : "1488203759467",
"uuid" : "Sppm-db_Qm-OHptOC7vznw",
"number_of_replicas" : "1",
"number_of_shards" : "5",
"version" : {
"created" : "2040399"
}
}
}
}
}
[hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$
settings修改索引库默认配置
例如：分片数量，副本数量
查看：curl -XGET http://192.168.80.10:9200/zhouls/_settings?pretty
操作不存在索引：curl -XPUT '192.168.80.10:9200/liuch/' -d'{"settings":{"number_of_shards":3,"number_of_replicas":0}}'
操作已存在索引：curl -XPUT '192.168.80.10:9200/zhouls/_settings' -d'{"index":{"number_of_replicas":1}}'
总结：就是，不存在索引时,可以指定副本和分片，如果已经存在,则只能修改副本。
在创建新的索引库时，可以指定索引分片的副本数。默认是1，这个很简单
2、ES中的mappings
ES的mapping如何用？什么时候需要手动，什么时候需要自动？
Mapping,就是对索引库中索引的字段名称及其数据类型进行定义，类似于mysql中的表结构信息。不过es的mapping比数据库灵活很多，它可以动态识别字段。一般不需要指定mapping都可以，因为es会自动根据数据格式识别它的类型，如果你需要对某些字段添加特殊属性（如：定义使用其它分词器、是否分词、是否存储等），就必须手动添加mapping。
我们在es中添加索引数据时不需要指定数据类型，es中有自动影射机制，字符串映射为string，数字映射为long。通过mappings可以指定数据类型是否存储等属性。
查询索引库的mapping信息
[hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ curl -XGET http://192.168.80.10:9200/zhouls/emp/_mapping?pretty
{
"zhouls" : {
"mappings" : {
"emp" : {
"properties" : {
"name" : {
"type" : "string"
},
"score" : {
"type" : "long"
},
"type" : {
"type" : "string"
}
}
}
}
}
}
[hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$
mappings修改字段相关属性
例如：字段类型，使用哪种分词工具啊等，如下：
注意：下面可以使用indexAnalyzer定义分词器，也可以使用index_analyzer定义分词器
操作不存在的索引
curl -XPUT '192.168.80.10:9200/zhouls' -d'{"mappings":{"emp":{"properties":{"name":{"type":"string","analyzer": "ik_max_word"}}}}}'
操作已存在的索引
curl -XPOST http://192.168.80.10:9200/zhouls/emp/_mapping -d'{"properties":{"name":{"type":"string","analyzer": "ik_max_word"}}}'
也许我上面这样写，很多人不太懂，我下面，就举个例子。（大家必须要会）
第一步：先编辑tvcount.json文件
内容如下（做了笔记）：
{
"settings":{ #settings是修改分片和副本数的
"number_of_shards":3, #分片为3
"number_of_replicas":0 #副本数为0
},
"mappings":{ #mappings是修改字段和类型的
"tvcount":{
"dynamic":"strict",
"_all":{"enabled":false},
"properties":{
"tvname":{"type":"string","index":"analyzed","analyzer":"ik_max_word","search_analyzer": "ik_max_word"},
如，string类型，analyzed索引，ik_max_word分词器
"director":{"type":"string","index":"analyzed","analyzer":"ik_max_word","search_analyzer": "ik_max_word"},
"actor":{"type":"string","index":"analyzed","analyzer":"ik_max_word","search_analyzer": "ik_max_word"},
"allnumber":{"type":"string","index":"not_analyzed"},
"tvtype":{"type":"string","index":"analyzed","analyzer":"ik_max_word","search_analyzer": "ik_max_word"},
"description":{"type":"string","index":"analyzed","analyzer":"ik_max_word","search_analyzer": "ik_max_word"},
"pic":{"type":"string","index":"not_analyzed"}
}
}
}
}
即，tvname（电视名称） director（导演） actor（主演） allnumber（总播放量）
tvtype（电视类别） description（描述）
‘’
[hadoop@master elasticsearch-2.4.0]$ ll
total 52
drwxrwxr-x 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jul 6 20:25 bin
drwxrwxr-x 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jul 6 20:27 config
drwxrwxr-x 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Apr 21 14:19 lib
-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 11358 Aug 24 2016 LICENSE.txt
drwxrwxr-x 5 hadoop hadoop 4096 Aug 29 2016 modules
-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 150 Aug 24 2016 NOTICE.txt
drwxrwxr-x 6 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jul 6 15:33 plugins
-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 8700 Aug 24 2016 README.textile
-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 195 Jul 1 12:18 requests
[hadoop@master elasticsearch-2.4.0]$ vim tvcount.json
{
"settings":{
"number_of_shards":3,
"number_of_replicas":0
},
"mappings":{
"tvcount":{
"dynamic":"strict",
"_all":{"enabled":false},
"properties":{
"tvname":{"type":"string","index":"analyzed","analyzer":"ik_max_word","search_analyzer": "ik_max_word"},
"director":{"type":"string","index":"analyzed","analyzer":"ik_max_word","search_analyzer": "ik_max_word"},
"actor":{"type":"string","index":"analyzed","analyzer":"ik_max_word","search_analyzer": "ik_max_word"},
"allnumber":{"type":"string","index":"not_analyzed"},
"tvtype":{"type":"string","index":"analyzed","analyzer":"ik_max_word","search_analyzer": "ik_max_word"},
"description":{"type":"string","index":"analyzed","analyzer":"ik_max_word","search_analyzer": "ik_max_word"},
"pic":{"type":"string","index":"not_analyzed"}
}
}
}
}
http://192.168.80.145:9200/_plugin/head/
第二步：创建mapping
这里，因为，之前，我们是在/home/hadoop/app/elasticsearch-2.4.0下，这个目录下有我们刚之前写的tvcount.json，所以可以直接
curl -XPOST 'http://master:9200/tv' -d @tvcount.json
不然的话，就需要用绝对路径
[hadoop@master elasticsearch-2.4.0]$ pwd
/home/hadoop/app/elasticsearch-2.4.0
[hadoop@master elasticsearch-2.4.0]$ ll
total 56
drwxrwxr-x 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jul 6 20:25 bin
drwxrwxr-x 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jul 6 20:27 config
drwxrwxr-x 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Apr 21 14:19 lib
-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 11358 Aug 24 2016 LICENSE.txt
drwxrwxr-x 5 hadoop hadoop 4096 Aug 29 2016 modules
-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 150 Aug 24 2016 NOTICE.txt
drwxrwxr-x 6 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jul 6 15:33 plugins
-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 8700 Aug 24 2016 README.textile
-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 195 Jul 1 12:18 requests
-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 1022 Jul 6 22:27 tvcount.json
[hadoop@master elasticsearch-2.4.0]$ curl -XPOST 'http://master:9200/tv' -d @tvcount.json
{"acknowledged":true}[hadoop@master elasticsearch-2.4.0]$
[hadoop@master elasticsearch-2.4.0]$
[hadoop@master elasticsearch-2.4.0]$
简单的说，就是
settings是修改分片和副本数的。
mappings是修改字段和类型的。
具体，见我的博客
Elasticsearch之settings和mappings（图文详解）
然后，再来查询下
[hadoop@master elasticsearch-2.4.0]$ pwd
/home/hadoop/app/elasticsearch-2.4.0
[hadoop@master elasticsearch-2.4.0]$ curl -XGET http://master:9200/tv/_settings?pretty
{
"tv" : {
"settings" : {
"index" : {
"creation_date" : "1499351407949",
"uuid" : "O30Uk9uRTlGLRVfbO26gUQ",
"number_of_replicas" : "0",
"number_of_shards" : "3",
"version" : {
"created" : "2040099"
}
}
}
}
}
[hadoop@master elasticsearch-2.4.0]$
然后，再来查看mapping（mappings是修改字段和类型的）
[hadoop@master elasticsearch-2.4.0]$ pwd
/home/hadoop/app/elasticsearch-2.4.0
[hadoop@master elasticsearch-2.4.0]$ curl -XGET http://master:9200/tv/_mapping?pretty
{
"tv" : {
"mappings" : {
"tvcount" : {
"dynamic" : "strict",
"_all" : {
"enabled" : false
},
"properties" : {
"actor" : {
"type" : "string",
"analyzer" : "ik_max_word"
},
"allnumber" : {
"type" : "string",
"index" : "not_analyzed"
},
"description" : {
"type" : "string",
"analyzer" : "ik_max_word"
},
"director" : {
"type" : "string",
"analyzer" : "ik_max_word"
},
"pic" : {
"type" : "string",
"index" : "not_analyzed"
},
"tvname" : {
"type" : "string",
"analyzer" : "ik_max_word"
},
"tvtype" : {
"type" : "string",
"analyzer" : "ik_max_word"
}
}
}
}
}
}
[hadoop@master elasticsearch-2.4.0]$
说简单点就是，tvcount.json里已经初步设置好了settings和mappings。
然后启动hdfs、启动hbase
这里，很简单，不多说。
[hadoop@master elasticsearch-2.4.0]$ cd $HADOOP_HOME
[hadoop@master hadoop-2.6.0]$ jps
6261 Jps
2451 QuorumPeerMain
4893 Elasticsearch
[hadoop@master hadoop-2.6.0]$ sbin/start-all.sh
This script is Deprecated. Instead use start-dfs.sh and start-yarn.sh
17/07/06 23:02:59 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
Starting namenodes on [master]
master: starting namenode, logging to /home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6.0/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-master.out
slave2: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6.0/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-slave2.out
slave1: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6.0/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-slave1.out
Starting secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0]
0.0.0.0: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6.0/logs/hadoop-hadoop-secondarynamenode-master.out
17/07/06 23:06:46 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
starting yarn daemons
starting resourcemanager, logging to /home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6.0/logs/yarn-hadoop-resourcemanager-master.out
slave2: starting nodemanager, logging to /home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6.0/logs/yarn-hadoop-nodemanager-slave2.out
slave1: starting nodemanager, logging to /home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6.0/logs/yarn-hadoop-nodemanager-slave1.out
[hadoop@master hadoop-2.6.0]$ jps
6721 ResourceManager
6987 Jps
6390 NameNode
2451 QuorumPeerMain
6579 SecondaryNameNode
4893 Elasticsearch
[hadoop@master hadoop-2.6.0]$
[hadoop@slave1 elasticsearch-2.4.0]$ jps
5725 Elasticsearch
2296 QuorumPeerMain
6615 NodeManager
6529 DataNode
6683 Jps
[hadoop@slave1 elasticsearch-2.4.0]$
[hadoop@slave2 elasticsearch-2.4.0]$ jps
6826 NodeManager
5407 Elasticsearch
7015 Jps
6748 DataNode
2229 QuorumPeerMain
[hadoop@slave2 elasticsearch-2.4.0]$
[hadoop@master hadoop-2.6.0]$ cd $HBASE_HOME
[hadoop@master hbase]$ bin/start-hbase.sh
starting master, logging to /home/hadoop/app/hbase/logs/hbase-hadoop-master-master.out
slave2: regionserver running as process 7175. Stop it first.
slave1: starting regionserver, logging to /home/hadoop/app/hbase/bin/../logs/hbase-hadoop-regionserver-slave1.out
[hadoop@master hbase]$ jps
6721 ResourceManager
7214 HMaster
6390 NameNode
2451 QuorumPeerMain
6579 SecondaryNameNode
4893 Elasticsearch
7327 Jps
[hadoop@master hbase]$
[hadoop@slave1 hbase]$ jps
7210 Jps
7145 HRegionServer
5725 Elasticsearch
2296 QuorumPeerMain
6615 NodeManager
6529 DataNode
6969 HMaster
[hadoop@slave1 hbase]$
[hadoop@slave2 hbase]$ jps
6826 NodeManager
5407 Elasticsearch
7470 Jps
7337 HMaster
6748 DataNode
7175 HRegionServer
2229 QuorumPeerMain
[hadoop@slave2 hbase]$
打开进入hbase shell
[hadoop@master hbase]$ bin/hbase shell
2017-07-06 23:41:03,412 INFO [main] Configuration.deprecation: hadoop.native.lib is deprecated. Instead, use io.native.lib.available
HBase Shell; enter 'help<RETURN>' for list of supported commands.
Type "exit<RETURN>" to leave the HBase Shell
Version 0.98.19-hadoop2, r1e527e73bc539a04ba0fa4ed3c0a82c7e9dd7d15, Fri Apr 22 19:07:24 PDT 2016 hbase(main):001:0>
查询一下有哪些库
hbase(main):001:0> list
TABLE
2017-07-06 23:51:21,204 WARN [main] util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoop/app/hbase-0.98.19/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.6.4.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6.0/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.5.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
0 row(s) in 266.1210 seconds => []
如果tvcount数据库已经存在的话可以删除掉
hbase(main):002:0> disable 'tvcount' ERROR: Table tvcount does not exist. Here is some help for this command:
Start disable of named table:
hbase> disable 't1'
hbase> disable 'ns1:t1' hbase(main):003:0> drop 'tvcount' ERROR: Table tvcount does not exist. Here is some help for this command:
Drop the named table. Table must first be disabled:
hbase> drop 't1'
hbase> drop 'ns1:t1' hbase(main):004:0> list
TABLE
0 row(s) in 1.3770 seconds => []
hbase(main):005:0>
然后，启动mysql数据库，创建数据库创建表
进一步，可以见
http://www.cnblogs.com/zlslch/p/6746922.html