转自http://blog.csdn.net/evangel_z/article/details/7332535
在web开发中，有一个经典的功能，就是数据的导入导出。特别是数据的导出，在生产管理或者财务系统中用的非常普遍，因为这些系统经常要做一些报表打印的工作。而数据导出的格式一般是EXCEL或者PDF，我这里就用两篇文章分别给大家介绍下。（注意，我们这里说的数据导出可不是数据库中的数据导出！么误会啦^_^）
呵呵，首先我们来导出EXCEL格式的文件吧。现在主流的操作Excel文件的开源工具有很多,用得比较多的就是Apache的POI及JExcelAPI。这里我们用Apache POI！我们先去Apache的大本营下载POI的jar包：http://poi.apache.org/ ，我这里使用的是3.0.2版本。
将3个jar包导入到classpath下，什么？忘了怎么导包？不会吧！好，我们来写一个导出Excel的实用类（所谓实用，是指基本不用怎么修改就可以在实际项目中直接使用的！）。我一直强调做类也好，做方法也好，一定要通用性和灵活性强。下面这个类就算基本贯彻了我的这种思想。那么，熟悉许老师风格的人应该知道，这时候该要甩出一长串代码了。没错，大伙请看：
import java.util.Date; public class Student
{
private long id;
private String name;
private int age;
private boolean sex;
private Date birthday; public Student()
{
} public Student(long id, String name, int age, boolean sex, Date birthday)
{
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.sex = sex;
this.birthday = birthday;
} public long getId()
{
return id;
} public void setId(long id)
{
this.id = id;
} public String getName()
{
return name;
} public void setName(String name)
{
this.name = name;
} public int getAge()
{
return age;
} public void setAge(int age)
{
this.age = age;
} public boolean getSex()
{
return sex;
} public void setSex(boolean sex)
{
this.sex = sex;
} public Date getBirthday()
{
return birthday;
} public void setBirthday(Date birthday)
{
this.birthday = birthday;
} }
public class Book
{
private int bookId;
private String name;
private String author;
private float price;
private String isbn;
private String pubName;
private byte[] preface; public Book()
{
} public Book(int bookId, String name, String author, float price,
String isbn, String pubName, byte[] preface)
{
this.bookId = bookId;
this.name = name;
this.author = author;
this.price = price;
this.isbn = isbn;
this.pubName = pubName;
this.preface = preface;
} public int getBookId()
{
return bookId;
} public void setBookId(int bookId)
{
this.bookId = bookId;
} public String getName()
{
return name;
} public void setName(String name)
{
this.name = name;
} public String getAuthor()
{
return author;
} public void setAuthor(String author)
{
this.author = author;
} public float getPrice()
{
return price;
} public void setPrice(float price)
{
this.price = price;
} public String getIsbn()
{
return isbn;
} public void setIsbn(String isbn)
{
this.isbn = isbn;
} public String getPubName()
{
return pubName;
} public void setPubName(String pubName)
{
this.pubName = pubName;
} public byte[] getPreface()
{
return preface;
} public void setPreface(byte[] preface)
{
this.preface = preface;
}
}
上面这两个类一目了然，就是两个简单的javabean风格的类。再看下面真正的重点类：
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern; import javax.swing.JOptionPane; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFClientAnchor;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFComment;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFFont;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFPatriarch;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRichTextString;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor; /**
* 利用开源组件POI3.0.2动态导出EXCEL文档 转载时请保留以下信息，注明出处！
*
* @author leno
* @version v1.0
* @param <T>
* 应用泛型，代表任意一个符合javabean风格的类
* 注意这里为了简单起见，boolean型的属性xxx的get器方式为getXxx(),而不是isXxx()
* byte[]表jpg格式的图片数据
*/
public class ExportExcel<T>
{
public void exportExcel(Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out)
{
exportExcel("测试POI导出EXCEL文档", null, dataset, out, "yyyy-MM-dd");
} public void exportExcel(String[] headers, Collection<T> dataset,
OutputStream out)
{
exportExcel("测试POI导出EXCEL文档", headers, dataset, out, "yyyy-MM-dd");
} public void exportExcel(String[] headers, Collection<T> dataset,
OutputStream out, String pattern)
{
exportExcel("测试POI导出EXCEL文档", headers, dataset, out, pattern);
} /**
* 这是一个通用的方法，利用了JAVA的反射机制，可以将放置在JAVA集合中并且符号一定条件的数据以EXCEL 的形式输出到指定IO设备上
*
* @param title
* 表格标题名
* @param headers
* 表格属性列名数组
* @param dataset
* 需要显示的数据集合,集合中一定要放置符合javabean风格的类的对象。此方法支持的
* javabean属性的数据类型有基本数据类型及String,Date,byte[](图片数据)
* @param out
* 与输出设备关联的流对象，可以将EXCEL文档导出到本地文件或者网络中
* @param pattern
* 如果有时间数据，设定输出格式。默认为"yyy-MM-dd"
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void exportExcel(String title, String[] headers,
Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out, String pattern)
{
// 声明一个工作薄
HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
// 生成一个表格
HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(title);
// 设置表格默认列宽度为15个字节
sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth((short) 15);
// 生成一个样式
HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();
// 设置这些样式
style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.SKY_BLUE.index);
style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
// 生成一个字体
HSSFFont font = workbook.createFont();
font.setColor(HSSFColor.VIOLET.index);
font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12);
font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);
// 把字体应用到当前的样式
style.setFont(font);
// 生成并设置另一个样式
HSSFCellStyle style2 = workbook.createCellStyle();
style2.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIGHT_YELLOW.index);
style2.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
style2.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style2.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style2.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style2.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style2.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
style2.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);
// 生成另一个字体
HSSFFont font2 = workbook.createFont();
font2.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);
// 把字体应用到当前的样式
style2.setFont(font2); // 声明一个画图的*管理器
HSSFPatriarch patriarch = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();
// 定义注释的大小和位置,详见文档
HSSFComment comment = patriarch.createComment(new HSSFClientAnchor(0,
0, 0, 0, (short) 4, 2, (short) 6, 5));
// 设置注释内容
comment.setString(new HSSFRichTextString("可以在POI中添加注释！"));
// 设置注释作者，当鼠标移动到单元格上是可以在状态栏中看到该内容.
comment.setAuthor("leno"); // 产生表格标题行
HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);
for (short i = 0; i < headers.length; i++)
{
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);
cell.setCellStyle(style);
HSSFRichTextString text = new HSSFRichTextString(headers[i]);
cell.setCellValue(text);
} // 遍历集合数据，产生数据行
Iterator<T> it = dataset.iterator();
int index = 0;
while (it.hasNext())
{
index++;
row = sheet.createRow(index);
T t = (T) it.next();
// 利用反射，根据javabean属性的先后顺序，动态调用getXxx()方法得到属性值
Field[] fields = t.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
for (short i = 0; i < fields.length; i++)
{
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);
cell.setCellStyle(style2);
Field field = fields[i];
String fieldName = field.getName();
String getMethodName = "get"
+ fieldName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase()
+ fieldName.substring(1);
try
{
Class tCls = t.getClass();
Method getMethod = tCls.getMethod(getMethodName,
new Class[]
{});
Object value = getMethod.invoke(t, new Object[]
{});
// 判断值的类型后进行强制类型转换
String textValue = null;
// if (value instanceof Integer) {
// int intValue = (Integer) value;
// cell.setCellValue(intValue);
// } else if (value instanceof Float) {
// float fValue = (Float) value;
// textValue = new HSSFRichTextString(
// String.valueOf(fValue));
// cell.setCellValue(textValue);
// } else if (value instanceof Double) {
// double dValue = (Double) value;
// textValue = new HSSFRichTextString(
// String.valueOf(dValue));
// cell.setCellValue(textValue);
// } else if (value instanceof Long) {
// long longValue = (Long) value;
// cell.setCellValue(longValue);
// }
if (value instanceof Boolean)
{
boolean bValue = (Boolean) value;
textValue = "男";
if (!bValue)
{
textValue = "女";
}
}
else if (value instanceof Date)
{
Date date = (Date) value;
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern);
textValue = sdf.format(date);
}
else if (value instanceof byte[])
{
// 有图片时，设置行高为60px;
row.setHeightInPoints(60);
// 设置图片所在列宽度为80px,注意这里单位的一个换算
sheet.setColumnWidth(i, (short) (35.7 * 80));
// sheet.autoSizeColumn(i);
byte[] bsValue = (byte[]) value;
HSSFClientAnchor anchor = new HSSFClientAnchor(0, 0,
1023, 255, (short) 6, index, (short) 6, index);
anchor.setAnchorType(2);
patriarch.createPicture(anchor, workbook.addPicture(
bsValue, HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG));
}
else
{
// 其它数据类型都当作字符串简单处理
textValue = value.toString();
}
// 如果不是图片数据，就利用正则表达式判断textValue是否全部由数字组成
if (textValue != null)
{
Pattern p = Pattern.compile("^//d+(//.//d+)?$");
Matcher matcher = p.matcher(textValue);
if (matcher.matches())
{
// 是数字当作double处理
cell.setCellValue(Double.parseDouble(textValue));
}
else
{
HSSFRichTextString richString = new HSSFRichTextString(
textValue);
HSSFFont font3 = workbook.createFont();
font3.setColor(HSSFColor.BLUE.index);
richString.applyFont(font3);
cell.setCellValue(richString);
}
}
}
catch (SecurityException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (NoSuchMethodException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (IllegalArgumentException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (IllegalAccessException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (InvocationTargetException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
finally
{
// 清理资源
}
}
}
try
{
workbook.write(out);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
} public static void main(String[] args)
{
// 测试学生
ExportExcel<Student> ex = new ExportExcel<Student>();
String[] headers =
{ "学号", "姓名", "年龄", "性别", "出生日期" };
List<Student> dataset = new ArrayList<Student>();
dataset.add(new Student(10000001, "张三", 20, true, new Date()));
dataset.add(new Student(20000002, "李四", 24, false, new Date()));
dataset.add(new Student(30000003, "王五", 22, true, new Date()));
// 测试图书
ExportExcel<Book> ex2 = new ExportExcel<Book>();
String[] headers2 =
{ "图书编号", "图书名称", "图书作者", "图书价格", "图书ISBN", "图书出版社", "封面图片" };
List<Book> dataset2 = new ArrayList<Book>();
try
{
BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(
new FileInputStream("V://book.bmp"));
byte[] buf = new byte[bis.available()];
while ((bis.read(buf)) != -1)
{
//
}
dataset2.add(new Book(1, "jsp", "leno", 300.33f, "1234567",
"清华出版社", buf));
dataset2.add(new Book(2, "java编程思想", "brucl", 300.33f, "1234567",
"阳光出版社", buf));
dataset2.add(new Book(3, "DOM艺术", "lenotang", 300.33f, "1234567",
"清华出版社", buf));
dataset2.add(new Book(4, "c++经典", "leno", 400.33f, "1234567",
"清华出版社", buf));
dataset2.add(new Book(5, "c#入门", "leno", 300.33f, "1234567",
"汤春秀出版社", buf)); OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("E://a.xls");
OutputStream out2 = new FileOutputStream("E://b.xls");
ex.exportExcel(headers, dataset, out);
ex2.exportExcel(headers2, dataset2, out2);
out.close();
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "导出成功!");
System.out.println("excel导出成功！");
}
catch (FileNotFoundException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
写完之后，如果您不是用eclipse工具生成的Servlet,千万别忘了在web.xml上注册这个Servelt。而且同样的，拷贝一张小巧的图书图片命名为book.jpg放置到当前WEB根目录的/WEB-INF/下。部署好web工程，用浏览器访问Servlet看下效果吧！是不是下载成功了。呵呵，您可以将下载到本地的excel报表用打印机打印出来，这样您就大功告成了。完事了我们就思考：我们发现，我们做的方法，不管是本地调用，还是在WEB服务器端用Servlet调用；不管是输出学生列表，还是图书列表信息，代码都几乎一样，而且这些数据我们很容器结合后台的DAO操作数据库动态获取。恩，类和方法的通用性和灵活性开始有点感觉了。好啦，祝您学习愉快！
简单版 无excel格式样式设置 及excel下载
package com.howbuy.uaa.utils; import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFFont;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRichTextString;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook; public class ExportExcel<T> {
public void exportExcel(String title,Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out) {
exportExcel(title, null, dataset, out, "yyyy-MM-dd");
} public void exportExcel(String title,String[] headers, Collection<T> dataset,
OutputStream out) {
exportExcel(title, headers, dataset, out, "yyyy-MM-dd");
} @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void exportExcel(String title, String[] headers,Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out, String pattern) {
// 声明一个工作薄
HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
// 生成一个表格
HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(title);
// 设置表格默认列宽度为15个字节
sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth((short) 15);
// 生成一个样式
HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();
// 生成一个字体
HSSFFont font = workbook.createFont();
font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12);
// 把字体应用到当前的样式
style.setFont(font);
// 产生表格标题行
HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);
for (short i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) {
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);
cell.setCellStyle(style);
HSSFRichTextString text = new HSSFRichTextString(headers[i]);
cell.setCellValue(text);
}
// 遍历集合数据，产生数据行
Iterator<T> it = dataset.iterator();
int index = 0;
while (it.hasNext()) {
index++;
row = sheet.createRow(index);
T t = (T) it.next();
// 利用反射，根据javabean属性的先后顺序，动态调用getXxx()方法得到属性值
Field[] fields = t.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
for (short i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);
cell.setCellStyle(style);
Field field = fields[i];
String fieldName = field.getName();
String getMethodName = "get"
+ fieldName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase()
+ fieldName.substring(1);
try {
Class tCls = t.getClass();
Method getMethod = tCls.getMethod(getMethodName,
new Class[] {});
Object value = getMethod.invoke(t, new Object[] {});
// 判断值的类型后进行强制类型转换
String textValue = null;
if (value instanceof Integer) {
int intValue = (Integer) value;
cell.setCellValue(intValue);
}
else if (value instanceof Long) {
long longValue = (Long) value;
cell.setCellValue(longValue);
}
else if (value instanceof Boolean) {
boolean bValue = (Boolean) value;
textValue = "1";
if (!bValue) {
textValue = "0";
}
} else if (value instanceof Date) {
Date date = (Date) value;
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern);
textValue = sdf.format(date);
} else {
// 其它数据类型都当作字符串简单处理
if(value == null)
{
textValue = "";
}
else {
textValue = value.toString();
} } if (textValue != null) {
Pattern p = Pattern.compile("^//d+(//.//d+)?$");
Matcher matcher = p.matcher(textValue);
if (matcher.matches()) {
// 是数字当作double处理
cell.setCellValue(Double.parseDouble(textValue));
} else {
HSSFRichTextString richString = new HSSFRichTextString(
textValue);
richString.applyFont(font);
cell.setCellValue(richString);
}
}
} catch (SecurityException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 清理资源
}
} }
try {
workbook.write(out);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} public void downloadExcel(String path, HttpServletResponse response) {
try {
// path是指欲下载的文件的路径。
File file = new File(path);
String name = file.getName();
// 取得文件名。
String filename = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(name,"utf-8");
// 清空response
response.reset();
// 设置response的Header
response.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="
+ new String(filename.getBytes()));
response.addHeader("Content-Length", "" + file.length());
OutputStream toClient = new BufferedOutputStream(
response.getOutputStream());
response.setContentType("application/ms-excel;charset=gb2312");
// 以流的形式下载文件。
InputStream fis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(path));
byte[] buffer = new byte[fis.available()];
fis.read(buffer);
fis.close();
toClient.write(buffer);
toClient.flush();
toClient.close();
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}