RT，在C#中实现，依赖.netFramework2.0
BouncyCastle中提供了PKCS12Store，Pkcs12StoreBuilder，AsymmetricKeyEntry，X509CertificateEntry等接口
其中Pkcs12StoreBuilder建立一个PKCS12Store对象，PKCS12Store对象来产生一个pfx/p12格式的证书，该证书符合PKCS#12规范
PKCS#12的ref，见RSA给出的文档：PKCS #12: Personal Information Exchange Syntax Standard
PKCS12Store中方法load()和save()，加载和保存证书，其中的实现比较复杂，处理过程主要是对PKCS12证书内容的一组SafeBag进行判断和解包。一个PKCS12结构分析的文档：http://cid-780607117452312e.office.live.com/self.aspx/.Public/PKCS%5E3l2%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90.pdf
AsymmetricKeyEntry中封装了私钥，支持属性包的附加，attributeBag，可以方便获得私钥或封装私钥
类似的，X509CertificateEntry封装了公钥证书，支持属性包的附加和x509certificateV3的扩展，可以从中方便获得公钥等
这样，就可以通过产生一个pfx证书，保存CA的密钥对。这里pfx的certBag中证书采用的是x509certificateV1格式，因为没有用到v3格式证书的扩展
思路如下：
1、产生一对密钥对，其产生方法和保存方法之前有说过
产生密钥对：用Bouncy Castle的C#版API产生公钥和私钥
保存方法：在C#中保存Bouncy Castle生成的密钥对
2、配置自定义的x509Name对象，BouncyCastle中采用HashTable这种结构。
3、X509CertificateEntry封装公钥证书时，添加一个该公钥证书的alias。在测试过程（测试2）中，我导入该pfx证书到电脑的当前用户my证书存储区中，用微软的接口去读取时，用FriendlyName（就是该alias）来查找比较方便。另外（测试1），在store.Aliases这个属性去查找相匹配的alias，然后通过该alias从store中获取AsymmetricKeyEntry和X509CertificateEntry，从而获取私钥和公钥。
属性包FriendlyName，RSA的pkcs#9文档中提到过，不过不详细。链接：PKCS #9: Selected Attribute Types
另外，上面提到的属性包attributeBag和SafeBag，BouncyCastle中的PkcsObjectIdentifiers这个源代码中全部定义，可以参考下，其命名空间为：Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Pkcs.PkcsObjectIdentifiers(根据该命名空间的命名方式，可以在源代码中快速定位到该源文件)
生成的代码：
- char[] passwd = "123456".ToCharArray(); //pfx密码
- IAsymmetricCipherKeyPairGenerator keyGen = GeneratorUtilities.GetKeyPairGenerator("RSA");
- RsaKeyGenerationParameters genPar = new RsaKeyGenerationParameters(
- BigInteger.ValueOf(0x10001), new SecureRandom(), 2048, 25);
- keyGen.Init(genPar);
- AsymmetricCipherKeyPair keypair = keyGen.GenerateKeyPair();
- RsaKeyParameters pubKey = (RsaKeyParameters)keypair.Public; //CA公钥
- RsaKeyParameters priKey = (RsaKeyParameters)keypair.Private; //CA私钥
- Hashtable attrs = new Hashtable();
- ArrayList order = new ArrayList();
- attrs.Add(X509Name.C, "CN"); //country code
- //attrs.Add(X509Name.ST, "Guangdong province"); //province name
- //attrs.Add(X509Name.L, "Guangzhou city"); //locality name
- attrs.Add(X509Name.O, "South China Normal University"); //organization
- attrs.Add(X509Name.OU, "South China Normal University"); //organizational unit name
- attrs.Add(X509Name.CN, "CAcert"); //common name
- attrs.Add(X509Name.E, "popozhude@qq.com");
- order.Add(X509Name.C);
- //order.Add(X509Name.ST);
- //order.Add(X509Name.L);
- order.Add(X509Name.O);
- order.Add(X509Name.OU);
- order.Add(X509Name.CN);
- order.Add(X509Name.E);
- X509Name issuerDN = new X509Name(order, attrs);
- X509Name subjectDN = issuerDN; //自签证书，两者一样
- X509V1CertificateGenerator v1certGen = new X509V1CertificateGenerator();
- v1certGen.SetSerialNumber(new BigInteger(128, new Random())); //128位
- v1certGen.SetIssuerDN(issuerDN);
- v1certGen.SetNotBefore(DateTime.UtcNow.AddDays(-1));
- v1certGen.SetNotAfter(DateTime.UtcNow.AddDays(365));
- v1certGen.SetSubjectDN(subjectDN);
- v1certGen.SetPublicKey(pubKey); //公钥
- v1certGen.SetSignatureAlgorithm("SHA1WithRSAEncryption");
- Org.BouncyCastle.X509.X509Certificate CAcert = v1certGen.Generate(priKey);
- CAcert.CheckValidity();
- CAcert.Verify(pubKey);
- //属性包
- /*
- Hashtable bagAttr = new Hashtable();
- bagAttr.Add(PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Pkcs9AtFriendlyName.Id,
- new DerBmpString("CA's Primary Certificate"));
- bagAttr.Add(PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Pkcs9AtLocalKeyID.Id,
- new SubjectKeyIdentifierStructure(pubKey));
- X509CertificateEntry certEntry = new X509CertificateEntry(CAcert,bagAttr);
- */
- X509CertificateEntry certEntry = new X509CertificateEntry(CAcert);
- Pkcs12Store store = new Pkcs12StoreBuilder().Build();
- store.SetCertificateEntry("CA's Primary Certificate", certEntry); //设置证书
- X509CertificateEntry[] chain = new X509CertificateEntry[1];
- chain[0] = certEntry;
- store.SetKeyEntry("CA's Primary Certificate", new AsymmetricKeyEntry(priKey), chain); //设置私钥
- FileStream fout = File.Create("CA.pfx");
- store.Save(fout, passwd, new SecureRandom()); //保存
- fout.Close();
测试1 ，把生成的pfx证书导入到计算机的证书store中，用微软提供的api去查找该证书。怎么通过MMC的证书管理单元对证书存储区进行管理：在MMC的证书管理单元中对证书存储区进行管理
- X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser);
- store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly);
- X509Certificate2Collection storeCollection = (X509Certificate2Collection)store.Certificates;
- X509Certificate2 x509cert = null;
- foreach (X509Certificate2 cert in storeCollection)
- {
- //if(cert.Subject==" E = popozhude@qq.com, CN = CAcert, OU = South China Normal University, O = South China Normal University, C = CN")
- if (cert.FriendlyName == "CA's Primary Certificate")
- {
- x509cert = cert;
- //break;
- }
- }
- store.Close();
- if (x509cert == null)
- {
- Console.WriteLine("找不到指定的证书");
- }
- Console.WriteLine(x509cert.ToString());
- Console.ReadLine();
测试2 ：读取本地的pfx证书，获取其公钥和私钥，这里主要用BouncyCastle的API，然后又把公钥证书转换成byte数组，再用微软的证书类api读取，成功。
- FileStream fs = File.OpenRead("CA.pfx"); //debug文件夹下的证书
- char[] passwd = "123456".ToCharArray();
- Pkcs12Store store = new Pkcs12StoreBuilder().Build();
- store.Load(fs, passwd); //加载证书
- string alias = null;
- foreach (string str in store.Aliases)
- {
- if (store.IsKeyEntry(str))
- alias = str;
- }
- if (alias == null)
- {
- Console.WriteLine("alias 为空");
- }
- else
- Console.WriteLine(alias);
- AsymmetricKeyEntry keyEntry = store.GetKey(alias);
- RsaKeyParameters priKey = (RsaKeyParameters)keyEntry.Key; //取得私钥
- X509CertificateEntry certEntry = store.GetCertificate(alias);
- Org.BouncyCastle.X509.X509Certificate x509cert = certEntry.Certificate;
- RsaKeyParameters pubKey = (RsaKeyParameters)x509cert.GetPublicKey(); //取得公钥
- x509cert.Verify(pubKey); //test ok
- byte[] certByte = x509cert.GetEncoded(); //把该证书转换成字节数组
- X509Certificate2 cert2 = new X509Certificate2(certByte); //微软的类X509Certificate2
- Console.WriteLine(cert2.ToString()); //显示正常，说明可以把BouncyCastle产生的数字v3证书，转换成X509Certificate2处理的证
- Console.Read();